da Vijay Prashad, Aiwatar da Jama'a, Satumba 17, 2021
A cikin watan Yuli da Agusta an tura sojojin Rwanda a Mozambique, wadanda ake zargin za su yaki 'yan ta'addar ISIS. Koyaya, a bayan wannan kamfen akwai faransanci wanda ke amfana da wani babban kuzarin makamashi da ke sha'awar cin albarkatun iskar gas, kuma wataƙila, wasu bayan gida suna tattaunawa akan tarihi.
A ranar 9 ga Yuli, gwamnatin Rwanda ya ce cewa ta tura sojoji 1,000 zuwa Mozambique don yakar mayakan al-Shabaab, wadanda suka kwace lardin Cabo Delgado da ke arewacin kasar. Bayan wata guda, a ranar 8 ga Agusta, sojojin Rwanda kama birnin tashar jiragen ruwa na Mocímboa da Praia, inda kusa da bakin tekun ke zaune babban ragin iskar gas wanda kamfanin makamashin Faransa na TotalEnergies SE da kamfanin makamashi na Amurka ExxonMobil ke rike da su. Wadannan sabbin abubuwan da suka faru a yankin sun kai ga shugaban bankin raya kasashen Afrika M. Akinwumi Adesina sanar a ranar 27 ga Agusta cewa TotalEnergies SE za ta sake fara aikin iskar gas na Cabo Delgado a ƙarshen 2022.
Mayaka daga al-Shabaab (ko ISIS-Mozambique, a matsayin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka fi son don kira shi) bai yi yaƙi da mutumin ƙarshe ba; sun bace ta kan iyaka zuwa Tanzaniya ko cikin ƙauyukansu a cikin ƙasa. Kamfanonin samar da makamashin, nan ba da jimawa ba, za su fara dawo da jarinsu da riba mai kyau, godiya mai yawa ga sa hannun sojojin Rwanda.
Me yasa Rwanda ta shiga tsakani a Mozambique a watan Yuli 2021 don kare, da gaske, manyan kamfanonin makamashi guda biyu? Amsar tana cikin wani yanayi na musamman da ya faru a cikin watanni kafin sojojin su bar Kigali, babban birnin Rwanda.
Biliyoyin sun makale a karkashin ruwa
Mayakan Al-Shabaab sun fara yin nasu bayyanar a Cabo Delgado a watan Oktoban 2017. Shekaru uku, kungiyar ta yi wasan dabbar-da-linzami da sojojin Mozambique kafin shan iko da Mocímboa da Praia a watan Agustan 2020. Babu wani lokaci da ya zama kamar zai yiwu ga sojojin Mozambique su dakile al-Shabaab tare da ba da damar TotalEnergies SE da ExxonMobil su sake fara ayyukansu a cikin Rovuma Basin, kusa da bakin tekun arewacin Mozambique, inda babban iskar gas filin ya kasance gano a watan Fabrairu 2010.
Ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida ta Mozambik ta yi hayar tarin sojan haya kamar Rukunin Shawarar Dyck (Afirka ta Kudu), Ƙungiyar Sabis na Frontier (Hong Kong), da Wagner Group (Rasha). A ƙarshen watan Agusta 2020, TotalEnergies SE da gwamnatin Mozambique sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya yarjejeniya don samar da rundunar tsaro ta hadin gwiwa don kare jarin kamfanin kan al-Shabaab. Babu ɗayan waɗannan ƙungiyoyin makamai da suka yi nasara. Jarin ya makale a karkashin ruwa.
A wannan lokacin, Shugaban Mozambique Filipe Nyusi ya nuna, kamar yadda wata majiya a Maputo ta gaya min, cewa TotalEnergies SE na iya neman gwamnatin Faransa ta aiko da rundunar da za ta taimaka wajen tabbatar da tsaro a yankin. Wannan tattaunawar ta ci gaba har zuwa 2021. A ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2021, Ministan Tsaron Faransa Florence Parly da takwararta a Portugal, João Gomes Cravinho, sun tattauna ta wayar tarho, a lokacin - shawara a Maputo -sun tattauna yuwuwar tsoma bakin kasashen yamma a Cabo Delgado. A wannan ranar, Shugaban Kamfanin TotalEnergies SE Patrick Pouyanné ya gana da Shugaba Nyusi da ministocin tsaronsa (Jaime Bessa Neto) da na cikin gida (Amade Miquidade) zuwa tattauna hadin gwiwa "shirin aiki don karfafa tsaron yankin." Babu abin da ya fito daga ciki. Gwamnatin Faransa ba ta da sha'awar shiga tsakani kai tsaye.
Wani babban jami'i a Maputo ya shaida min cewa an yi imani sosai a Mozambique cewa shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron ya ba da shawarar a tura sojojin Rwanda, maimakon sojojin Faransa, don tsaron Cabo Delgado. Lallai, sojojin Ruwanda-wadanda aka horar da su sosai, wadanda kasashen Yammacin duniya ke da makamai, kuma ba a hukunta su ba wajen aiwatar da dokokin kasa da kasa-sun tabbatar da kwarewarsu a ayyukan da aka aiwatar a Sudan ta Kudu da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya.
Abin da Kagame ya samu don shiga tsakani
Paul Kagame yana mulkin Rwanda tun 1994, na farko a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma ministan tsaro sannan daga 2000 a matsayin shugaban kasa. A karkashin Kagame, an saba ka'idojin dimokuradiyya a cikin kasar, yayin da sojojin Ruwanda ke gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da nuna tausayi ba a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo. Rahoton Taswirar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2010 kan manyan take hakkin dan adam a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ya nuna cewa sojojin Rwanda sun kashe “daruruwan dubbai idan ba miliyoyi ba” na fararen hula na Congo da 'yan gudun hijirar Rwanda tsakanin 1993 zuwa 2003. Kagame ya yi watsi da rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, bayar da shawara cewa wannan ka'idar "kisan gillar sau biyu" ta karyata kisan gillar Rwanda a 1994. Ya so Faransawa su karbi alhakin kisan gillar 1994 kuma ya yi fatan kasashen duniya za su yi watsi da kisan gillar da ake yi a gabashin Congo.
A ranar 26 ga Maris, 2021, masanin tarihi Vincent Duclert ya gabatar da shafi 992 Rahoton kan rawar da Faransa ke takawa a kisan kare dangi na Rwanda. Rahoton ya baiyana a sarari cewa yakamata Faransa ta yarda - kamar yadda Médecins Sans Frontières ta bayyana - “babban nauyi” na kisan kare dangi. Amma rahoton bai ce gwamnatin Faransa na da hannu a tashin hankalin ba. Duclert ya yi tafiya zuwa Kigali a ranar 9 ga Afrilu zuwa Ajiye rahoton kai tsaye ga Kagame, wanda ya ce cewa littafin rahoton "yana nuna muhimmin mataki zuwa fahimtar kowa game da abin da ya faru."
A ranar 19 ga Afrilu, gwamnatin Rwanda ta saki wani Rahoton cewa ta ba da izini daga kamfanin lauyoyin Amurka Levy Firestone Muse. Taken wannan rahoton ya faɗi duka: “Kisan Kisan Kiyashi: Matsayin Gwamnatin Faransa a Haɗuwa da Kisan Kisa akan Tutsi a Ruwanda.” Faransanci bai musanta kaƙƙarfan kalmomin da ke cikin wannan takaddar ba, wanda ke jayayya cewa Faransa ta ɗauki makamai génocidaires sannan kuma ya gaggauta kare su daga binciken kasashen duniya. Macron, wanda ya shahara karɓa Muguntar Faransa a yakin 'yantar da Aljeriya, bai jayayya da tarihin Kagame ba. Wannan farashin da ya yarda ya biya.
Abin da Faransa ke so
A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 2021, Shugaban Mozambique Nyusi ya ziyarci Kagame in Rwanda. Nyusi ya gaya Masu watsa labarai na Mozambique cewa ya zo ne don koyo game da ayyukan Ruwanda a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da kuma tabbatar da shirye -shiryen Rwanda na taimakawa Mozambique a Cabo Delgado.
A ranar 18 ga Mayu, Macron bakuncin Taron da aka yi a Paris, "na neman haɓaka kuɗi a Afirka a yayin barkewar COVID-19," wanda ya samu halartar shugabannin gwamnatoci da dama, ciki har da Kagame da Nyusi, shugaban ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (Moussa Faki Mahamat), shugaban Bankin Raya Kasashen Afirka (Akinwumi Adesina), shugaban Bankin Raya Afirka ta Yamma (Serge Ekué), da manajan daraktan Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (Kristalina Georgieva). Fita daga “asphyxiation na kuɗi” ya kasance a saman ajanda, ko da yake a cikin tarurruka na sirri an tattauna game da sa hannun Rwanda a Mozambique.
Mako guda bayan haka, Macron ya tafi zuwa ziyarar zuwa Rwanda da Afirka ta Kudu, inda suka shafe kwanaki biyu (26 da 27 ga Mayu) a Kigali. Ya sake maimaita fa'idodin babban rahoton rahoton Duclert, kawo sama da 100,000 COVID-19 alurar riga kafi zuwa Rwanda (inda kusan kashi 4 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'a ne suka karɓi kashi na farko ta lokacin ziyarar sa), kuma sun ɓata lokaci cikin sirri suna magana da Kagame. A ranar 28 ga Mayu, tare da Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Cyril Ramaphosa, Macron magana game da Mozambique, yana mai cewa Faransa ta shirya don "shiga cikin ayyukan ruwa a tekun," amma in ba haka ba za ta koma ga Kungiyar Ci gaban Kudancin Afirka (SADC) da sauran manyan yankuna na yankin. Bai ambaci Ruwanda ba musamman.
Rwanda ta shiga Mozambique a watan Yuli, biye ta sojojin SADC, wanda ya hada da sojojin Afirka ta Kudu. Faransa ta sami abin da take so: Babban makamashinta yanzu zai iya dawo da jarinsa.
Wannan labarin ya samo ta Globetrotter.
Vijay Prashad masanin tarihin Indiya ne, edita kuma ɗan jarida. Abokin aikin rubutu ne kuma babban wakilin Globetrotter. Shi ne daraktan Tricontinental: Cibiyar Nazarin Zamantakewa. Babban jami'in da ba mazaunin ba ne a Cibiyar Chongyang don Nazarin Kuɗi, Jami'ar Renmin ta China. Ya rubuta littattafai sama da 20, ciki har da Ƙasashe Masu Duhu da kuma Kasashe Masu Talauci. Sabon littafinsa shine Harsunan Washington, tare da gabatarwar Evo Morales Ayma.
