"Wataƙila ana iya ganin yaƙin Afganistan a matsayin mai kula da ƙananan baƙi a cikin gajeren balaguro tare da abubuwan da suka sa gaba" - Rory Stewart
Daga Hanna Qadir, Jami'ar Columbia (Mai Kyau), 15 ga Yuli, 2020
Sanarwar da Washington ta yi game da ficewar sojojin Amurka na karshe daga Afghanistan a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawunan Amurkawa, tare da binciken Jami’ar Quinnipiac da ke nuna sama da rabin Amurkawa suna cewa sun amince da shawarar, kashi 29 ba su yarda ba kuma kashi 9 na bayarwa babu ra'ayi.[1] A matakin jin kai wannan shawarar (da kuma sakamakon jefa kuri'a) yana kira da a zurfafa tunani kan dabarun shiga tsakani na sojan Amurka da kuma kimantawa na tsawon shekaru ashirin na tura kawancen kasashen yamma a Afghanistan. Tare da kashe $ 2trn akan yakin,[2] asarar dubban sojojin Yammacin Turai da kuma mutuwar dubun dubatan 'yan Afghanistan (sojoji da fararen hula iri daya), dole ne mutum ya bincika idan yakin Afghanistan ya cancanci fada, har ma Biden ya yarda cewa ba za a sami “manufa” ba yi biki. To menene tasirin dawwamammiyar tasirin ɗayan yaƙe-yaƙe mafi dadewa a tarihi da kuma kimantawa kan idan sauƙin zamantakewar ya kasance da sauƙin samu ta hanyar dabarun gina zaman lafiya da ke mai da hankali kan zaman lafiya “daga tushe zuwa sama? ”[3] Shin mazauna karkara da ke yin shawarwari na samar da zaman lafiya sun kasance mafi kyawu ga yaki mai halakarwa da zubar da jini wanda ya dauki shekaru ashirin?
Masanin Burtaniya kuma tsohon Ministan Harkokin Karkara, Stewart, ya bayyana yakin Afghanistan da rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen da suka biyo baya a matsayin "yanayin kula da kananan baki na 'yan kasashen waje kan takaitaccen balaguro tare da abubuwan da suka sa gaba," [4] rike da imani cewa takun sawun soja na Amurka ba shi da amfani, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙaruwa maimakon raguwar tashin hankali. Thisaukar wannan suka zai ƙara ba da damar ƙirƙirar wata hanya ta daban don gina zaman lafiya tare da dabarun mai da hankali kan mallakar gida da kuma nuna godiya kan yadda rashin daidaiton iko da rashin daidaito tsakanin 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin fararen hula na cikin ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin fararen hula ke buƙatar a inganta su sosai don ba da damar don kyakkyawan canjin rikici.
Idan mutum ya sake yin tarihin, yana da sauƙi a bayyana ci gaba da gazawar da yawa daga ayyukan sojan da ke haifar da daɗaɗawa duk da maganganun da ba a jinkirtawa kan ra'ayoyin yaƙi ba makawa, dole da kuma barata. Dangane da Afghanistan, mutum na iya zuwa inda za a ce saka kuɗi da albarkatu ya yi illa ga ƙasar, ya ware 'yan Afghanistan ya kuma haɓaka samar da rashawa da ɓarnata. Yin amfani da ruwan tabarau mai tasirin gaske yana nuna rawar asali a cikin warware rikici. Irin wannan matsayin ya yi imani sosai da amfani da kayan aiki na sasanta rikice-rikice na gargajiya da kuma sawun sawun sawun kafa wajen tsara tsoma bakin kasashen duniya, don neman hadin kan zamantakewar al'umma. Bugu da ƙari, dangantakar iko tana buƙatar yin cikakken tasiri game da dogaro tsakanin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na duniya (galibi tare da tallafin masu ba da tallafi) da 'yan wasan cikin gida; rike da tarin ilimin cikin gida duk da haka rashin samun kudi. Aarin fahimta game da tasirin juna da daidaitawa tsakanin yunƙurin neman zaman lafiya na ƙasa da na gida, da nasarorin ɗayan da ya ba da damar samun nasara a wani, na iya zama ma'anar ma'ana mai fa'ida. Ginin zaman lafiya na gida ba shine sihirin sihiri ba kuma don samun nasarar sa yana buƙatar jin daɗin iyakancewa kamar yiwuwar ƙarfafa tsarin sarauta ko tsarin ikon shugabanni; kazalika da danganta tasirin tasirin zamantakewar siyasa da siyasa na Afghanistan a kan duk wata manufa ta siyasa.
Lokaci yayi da za'a kalubalanci sama-ƙasa fasalin tsoma bakin 'yan wasa na waje ta hanyar buɗe yiwuwar sauyin rikice-rikice mafi rikitarwa da tsarin sake duba darajar da ake buƙata don magance matsalolin rikice-rikice a cikin gida da haɗin gwiwar da ke cikin gida.[5] A cikin wannan misalin watakila ainihin masu tsaron ƙofa don ƙirƙirar dabarun shiga tsakani a Afghanistan ƙwararrun masanan Afghanistan ne tare da masaniyar ayyukan gida, sa hannun shugabannin al'umma da masu ba da shawara na gari, ba sojojin ƙasashen waje ba. A cikin kalmomin Autesserre, marubucin Ba'amurke-Ba'amurke kuma mai bincike: "Sai ta hanyar duban dubaru game da sabbin dabaru, tushen tushe, sau da yawa ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin da manyan kasashen duniya ke son su watsar, shin za mu iya canza yadda muke kallo da ginawa zaman lafiya. ” [6]
[1] Sonmez, F, (2021, Yuli) "Geroge W. Bush ya ce kawo karshen aikin sojan Amurka a Afghanistan kuskure ne." An dawo daga Washington Post.
[2] Masanin tattalin arziki, (2021, Yuli) "Yaƙin Amurka a Afghanistan yana ƙarewa da mummunan rauni." An dawo daga https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/07/10/americas-longest-war-is-ending-in-crushing-defeat
[3] Reese, L. (2016) "Aminci daga Upasa: Dabaru da Kalubale na Mallakar Localungiyoyi a cikin Tattaunawar Tattaunawar Zaman Lafiya" A cikin Sauye-sauyen Sauye-sauye, wanda Johannes Lukas Gartner ya shirya, 23-31. New York: 'Yan Adam a cikin Jarida.
[4] Stewart, R. (2011, Yuli). "Lokaci don kawo karshen yakin Afghanistan" [Fayil din Bidiyo]. An dawo daga https://www.ted.com/talks/rory_stewart_time_to_end_the_war_in_afghanistan?language=en
[5] Reich, H. (2006, Janairu 31). “'Mallakar Yanki' a cikin Ayyukan Canza Rikice-rikice: Kawance, Shiga ciki ko Tallafawa?” Berghof Lokaci-lokaci Takarda, a'a. 27 (Cibiyar Nazarin Berghof don Gudanar da Rikice-rikice, Satumba. 2006), An dawo daga http://www.berghoffoundation.org/fileadmin/ redaktion / Publications / Takardu / Lokaci
[6] Autesserre, S. (2018, Oktoba 23). "Akwai Wata Hanyar Don Gina Salama kuma Bai zo daga Sama ba." An dawo daga Cage Cage don The Washington Post.
