Rahoton Pentagon 250 Sababbin wuraren Shafaffun suna tare da PFAS

By Pat Elder, Maris 27, 2020

daga Magungunan Soja

Pentagon yanzu ya yarda da hakan Rukunin sojoji soja 651 an gurbata shi da abubuwa masu guba da abubuwa masu guba na Froalalkyl, (PFAS), karuwar kashi 62 cikin dari daga ciki jimlar karshe shafuka 401 a watan Agusta, 2017.

Duba DOD din  sabon ƙari na 250 gurbata wurare abokai a cikin kungiyar muhalli na aiki sun shirya shi ta hanya mai ma'ana.

Ana samun PFAS a cikin ruwan sha ko ruwan karkashin kasa a sabbin wuraren, kodayake ba a san ainihin matakan gurɓataccen ba saboda DOD bai gudanar da gwaji don tabbatar da matakan abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa ba.

Kwarewar da ƙasar ta samu har zuwa yanzu tare da cutar sankara na coronavirus ya nuna mahimmancin gwada mutane a zaman matakin farko na ɗaukar yaduwar cutar. Hakanan, gwada duk hanyoyin ruwan sha na birni da masu zaman kansu don gurɓataccen abubuwa kamar PFAS dole ne a fara aiwatar da aikin kare lafiyar jama'a. Bai isa ya san ruwan guba ba ne.

Ci gaba da amfani da sojoji na kumfa mai samar da kumfa (AFFF), wanda aka yi shi da wasu sinadarai na PFAS, yana haifar da mummunar illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam da mahalli. Maureen Sullivan, mataimakiyar mataimakiyar sakataren tsaro na muhalli ta fada wa McClatchy's Tara Copp a wannan makon cewa “duk wani wuri da ruwan sha ya gurbata an riga an yi magana da shi."Sullivan ya ci gaba da cewa," Kamar yadda Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta fara nazarin gurbata ruwan karkashin kasa cikin zurfi, za a duba 'a ina ne matattarar? Yaya yake motsawa? '”

Wadannan maganganun yaudara ne kuma sun saba wa juna. Manyan ruwan karkashin kasa suna daukar carcinogens zuwa rijiyoyin sha na birni da masu zaman kansu. DOD ya kasa magance raunin jama'a. Plananan kifin na iya tafiya na tsawon mil, yayin da DOD ya kasa gwada rijiyoyi masu zaman kansu kawai ƙafafun 2,000 daga sakewar PFAS a sansanoni a Maryland kuma yana sake yin bayani game da mummunan larura a California. Shekaru da yawa, kwayar cutar sankara tana tafiya a kudu maso gabas a filin Wuraren Wisconsin na Truax a Madison, amma DOD ba ta gwada rijiyoyin masu zaman kansu a can. Mutanen da ke Alexandria, Louisiana, inda aka sami wani nau'in PFAS da ake kira PFHxS a cikin ruwan karkashin ƙasa a matakan sama da miliyan 20 ppt., Ba a gwada rijiyoyin su ba.

A halin yanzu, masana kimiyyar lafiyar jama'a sun yi gargadi game da shigar da fiye da 1 ppt na PFAS kowace rana. DOD yana yaudarar jama'ar Amurka ne kuma sakamakon shine zullumi da mutuwa.

A duk faɗin ƙasar, sojoji suna zaɓar yankuna kusa da sansanonin a matsayin wani matakin da zai cusa wa al'ummomin yankin, kuma galibi suna ba da rahoto ne akan biyu ko uku daga cikin nau'ikan sama da 6,000 na magungunan PFAS masu haɗari.

Yi la'akari da ruwan rijiyar Mr. da Mrs. Kenneth Culberton, kusa da Filin Jirgin Sama na George da ke Victorville, California. Kodayake tushe ya rufe a cikin 1992 ruwan da ake amfani da shi don rijiyoyi masu zaman kansu daga tushe har yanzu yana da guba kuma mai yiwuwa ya kasance na dubunnan shekaru - ko mafi tsawo.

Kwamitin Kula da Ingancin Ruwa na Ruwa na lardin Lahanton (maimakon DOD) gwada rijiyar Culberton a bara kuma sun sami sassa 859 a cikin tiriliyan (ppt) na gurbatattun PFAS. PFOS da PFOA sun hada da ppt 83, yayin da masu mummunar cutar wadanda basu da PFOS / PFOA sun kai 776 ppt. Ba a gwada rijiyoyin masu zaman kansu ba saboda cutar da ke haifar da cutar kanjamau a duk yankin.

Rundunar Sojan Sama ta rufe George Air Force Base a cikin 1992. A cewar Oktoba, 2005 Rahoton Maimaita Gudanarwa Na Kungiyar Gudanarwar George AFB, Jirgin ruwan karkashin kasa dauke da gurbatattun ruwa bai shiga cikin rijiyoyin ruwan sha ba ko kuma a cikin Kogin Mojave. Rahoton karshe ya ce "ruwan sha a cikin al'umma na ci gaba da zama mai hadari don amfani," a cewar rahoton karshe.

A bayyane yake, wannan shine abin da Mataimakin Sakataren Tsaro Sullivan yake nufi lokacin da ta ce "an riga an magance matsalar ruwan sha."

Wataƙila mutane a cikin yankin Victorville suna shan ruwa mai guba har tsawan ƙarni biyu kuma wannan ya kasance al'ada a cikin al'ummomin kusa da gundumomin ƙasar.

Matakan PFAS a cikin ruwan karkashin kasa a wuraren girke sojoji 14 a duk fadin kasar sun haura sama da miliyan 1, yayin da EPA ta fitar da "ba da shawara" mara karfi ta 70 ppt a ruwan sha. Shafukan soja na 64 suna da matakan PFAS a cikin ruwan ƙasa da ya zarce 100,000 ppt.

Handfulan labaran kanfanonin labarai na yau da kullun suna ba da rahoto game da DOD na PFAS farfaganda a cikin ƙananan abubuwa waɗanda yawanci ba sa nazarin batun gurɓataccen PFAS ta kowane daki-daki. A wannan karon, manyan kungiyoyin labarai na kasar sun kasa bayar da rahoton labarin. Mashin farfaganda na DOD yanzu yana ba da sabon bayani, tare da labarai na shafuka gurɓatattun 250.
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Manyan tagulla sun zabi ranar da Shugaba Trump ya ayyana dokar ta-baci ta kasa game da cutar sankara ta Coronavirus don sakin ajiyar da ta dade tana jira. Rahoton Ci gaban Ayyuka na Forceungiyar akan abubuwan Per-da Polyfluoroalkyl, (PFAS). Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin tabbatar da "sadaukar da kai na Pentagon ga lafiyar da lafiyar membobinmu, da danginsu, da ma'aikatan farar hula na DoD, da kuma al'ummomin da DoD ke aiki." Rikodin rikodin DOD na ainihi ya faɗi ƙarancin sadaukarwa.

Tasungiyar Task Force ta ce ta mai da hankali kan manufofi uku: ragewa da kuma kawar da amfani da kumfa mai samar da kumfa a yanzu, (AFFF); fahimtar tasirin PFAS akan lafiyar mutum; da kuma sauke nauyin tsabtace mu da ke da alaƙa da PFAS.
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Da gaske? Bari mu kalli yaudarar DOD.

Manufar # 1 - Takaitawa da kuma kawar da amfani da kumfa mai haifar da fim, (AFFF):

DOD din ya nuna karamin motsi zuwa "ragewa da kuma kawar da" amfani da kumfa mai kama da wuta. A zahiri, sun yi tsayayya da kira don canzawa zuwa kumfa mara sa gurɓataccen yanayi wanda ba shi da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi. DOD ta kare amfani da wakilanta masu haifar da cutar kansa yayin da take ikirarin cewa "DoD na ɗaya daga cikin masu amfani da AFFF, tare da wasu manyan masu amfani da suka haɗa da filayen jirgin sama na kasuwanci, masana'antar mai da iskar gas, da sassan wuta na cikin gida." Bayanin yaudara ce matuka saboda yawan jama'a a tsakanin wadannan bangarorin daga amfani da kumfa na kisa. Matsayin da bijimin da sojoji ke dauka na jawo asarar rayuka da kuma yin illa ga muhalli.
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A halin yanzu, amfani da robobin da ba ta dace da Foollan Fams (f3 foams) a cikin aikace-aikacen soja da na ƙungiyoyin kwatankwacin waɗanda MIL-SPEC ke buƙata ba (ƙayyadaddun sojoji) ana yin gwajin akai-akai a cikin Turai.

Misali, Kungiyar Kwadago ta kasa da kasa (ICAO) ta ba da izinin gwaje-gwaje na aikin gogewar gobara saboda dalilan sufurin jirgin sama wanda ke amfani da gwajin kashe gobara. Fams da yawa F3 sun wuce mafi girman matakan gwajin ICAOkuma yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai a filayen jirgin saman duniya, ciki har da manyan cibiyoyin kasa da kasa kamar su Dubai, Dortmund, Stuttgart, London Heathrow, Manchester, Copenhagen, da Auckland. Kamfanoni na kamfanoni masu amfani da F3 foam sun hada da BP, ExxonMobil, Total, Gazprom, da dama wasu.

3F tana aiki dasu. Me zai hana sojojin Amurka?

Har zuwa 2018, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta jirgin sama ta bukaci filayen jirgin saman farar hula na kasar su yi amfani da carcinogenic AFFF. A wancan lokacin, Majalisar ta ƙarshe ta yi aiki don ba da damar filayen jirgin saman suyi amfani da burukan F3 na muhalli. Kusan kai tsaye, Jihohi takwas suka yi aiki don zartar da doka don daidaita tsohuwar kumfa, kuma wasu suna bin sahu. DOD ba ta faɗin sauran labarin kuma nacewa kan amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta yana daidai da halin aikata laifi.

Manufar # 2 - Fahimtar tasirin PFAS akan lafiyar ɗan adam:

DOD yayi magana mai kyau game. Hatta taken # 2 mai yaudarar jama'a ne. Gwamnatin tarayya, cibiyoyin ilimi, da masana kimiyya a duk duniya sun haɓaka kyakkyawar fannin ilimi game da tasirin lafiyar PFAS.

PFAS yana ba da gudummawa ga cutar sijila, hanta, nono, da ciwon koda, kodayake DOD bai taɓa ambaton kalmar “C” ba. Masana kimiyya sun san kadan game da waɗannan sunadarai. Misali, ɗayan sunadarai na 6,000 + PFAS galibi ana samunsu a cikin ruwan karkashin ƙasa da ruwa saman ruwa kusa da tushe a duk faɗin ƙasar, PFHxS, (wanda aka nuna a sama a cikin ruwan Culberton a 540 ppt.), An gano madadin PFOS / PFOA, a cikin cibiya Jinin jini kuma ana watsa shi zuwa amfrayo zuwa gwargwadon yadda aka ba da rahoton ga PFOS, wata kwayar cutar sankara wacce ke da alaƙa da kumfar wuta ta DOD. Bayyanar haihuwa zuwa PFHxS yana da alaƙa da faruwar cututtuka (kamar ottis media, ciwon huhu, RS virus da varicella) a rayuwar farko.

Yayin da jama'a suka fara koyon abubuwa game da mummunan tasirin tasirin wadannan sinadarai da bayani game da matakan gurbatarwa a sansanoni da kuma cikin al'ummomin da ke kewaye da su, sai sojoji suka tilasta yin taron jama'a don magance damuwar, kamar wanda aka gudanar a laburaren jama'a kusa da babbar ƙofar Filin Jirgin Ruwa na Ruwa na Patuxent a Lexington Park, Maryland a kan Maris 3, 2020.

Yi nazarin wannan bayanin, an ɗauko shi daga allon sanarwa wanda Navy a Maryland ta nuna. "A wannan lokacin, masana kimiyya har yanzu suna koyo game da yadda haɗarin PFAS zai iya shafar lafiyar mutane."  A darajar fuska, bayanin gaskiya ne; duk da haka, yana barin mutane suna tunanin cewa gurbatawar PFAS sabuwar matsala ce kuma mai yiwuwa ba ta da kyau. A zahiri, DOD ya san yawan guba na wannan kayan kusan shekara arba'in.

DOD iya ƙarfafa jama'a su bincika yanayin mutuwa na wasu nau'ikan sinadaran PFAS ta hanyar jagoranci mutane suyi nazari kan Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta NIH. Buga Chem injin bincike, amma ba haka bane. Wannan albarkatun mai ban mamaki, wanda har yanzu gwamnatin Trump ba ta rufe shi ba, yayi bayani dalla-dalla game da yawan cutar da dan adam ya haifar da dubban sinadarai masu hadari, da yawa wadanda sojoji ke amfani da su a kai a kai kuma har yanzu ba a dauke su a matsayin abubuwa masu hadari ta hanyar EPA, sabili da haka, ba an tsara shi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Superfund. Komai yana tafiya.
A cikin 'yan watannin da suka gabata, Gwamnatin Trump ta ja babban toshe akan wasu albarkatu biyu masu mahimmanci: Toxnet da Toxmap. Wadannan kayan aikin sun ba jama'a damar bincika wasu abubuwan gurɓataccen soja da na masana'antu, gami da PFAS. Foan dawakai da ke kula da gidan hen yayin da DOD ke cin amanar jama'a da ba a sani ba.

Abokanmu a Earthjustice da Asusun Kare Muhalli kawai sun fitar da wani binciken hadin gwiwa yana nuna yadda EPA ta Trump ke keta Dokar Gudanar da Abubuwan Guba wanda ke jagorantar kera, amfani, da rarraba magungunan ƙwayoyi, ciki har da PFAS. Turi ya kasance bala'i akan asusun da yawa, amma gadon sa na har abada zai canza DNA, lahani na haihuwa, rashin haihuwa da Ciwon daji.

Panelungiyar da ke sama ta kuma ce, “Wasu nazarin ilimin kimiyya suna ba da shawarar cewa wasu PFAS na iya shafar wasu tsarin a jiki.” Bayanin ya haifar da shakku a cikin tunanin jama'a saboda ya bar bude yiwuwar cewa wasu abubuwa na PFAS bazai zama mummunan ba yayin da yawancin karatun suka nuna cewa duk abubuwan PFAS suna da illa. DOD yana bin jagorancin EPA da Majalisa game da wannan. Maimakon hana duk wani sinadarin PFAS kai tsaye da barin amfani da PFAS guda ɗaya bayan ɗaya idan aka yanke musu hukunci cewa basu da lahani, EPA da Majalisa suna ci gaba da ba da izinin yaduwar waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta yayin da suke tunanin ko za a bincika su ɗaya bayan ɗaya .

Manufar # 3 - Cika nauyin tsabtace mu da ke da alaƙa da PFAS.

Babu wani abu da zai iya zama ci gaba daga gaskiya saboda DOD baya yarda da alhakin halayen sa na laifi. Rundunar Sojan Sama tayi ikirarin a kotunan tarayya cewa "Tarayyar mallaka kariya" yana ba shi damar yin watsi da ƙa'idodin kowace ƙasa game da gurɓataccen PFAS. DOD na Gwamnatin Trump tana gaya wa jama'ar Amurka cewa tana da haƙƙin saka musu guba alhali jama'a ba za su iya yin komai game da shi ba.

A lokaci guda, sojoji suna yankewa da wucewa daga harshen boilerplate don samar da mummunar farfagandar kamar haka: “DOD ta ba da fifikon mahimmancin ayyuka kuma tana aiki tukuru don kammala su ta hanyar kimantawa da kafa matsayin siyasa da bukatun bukatun, karfafawa da haɓaka bincike da ci gaba, da kuma tabbatar da Kayan aikin DoD suna tattaunawa da kuma sadarwa game da PFAS a cikin daidaitaccen al'amari.

Wannan datti ne kuma lokaci yayi da jama'ar Amurka zasu farka da jin warin.

Idan DOD ya kasance da gaske game da tsaftace PFAS, da sun gwada ruwa a duk faɗin ƙasar, gami da ruwan sama da ruwa mai gudana daga gurɓatattun shafuka akan tushe.

DOD ya fahimci cewa PFAS daga kayan aikin soja sun gurɓata tsarin magudanan ruwa da kuma ruwan biosolids da sludge. Wadannan fitattun abubuwa na yau da kullun suna wakiltar hanyar farko ta shayarwar mutane saboda ruwan dafi ya gurbata ruwan da ke sama da rayuwar teku wanda mutane ke cinye shi, yayin da kuma dattin magudanar ruwa ya bazu a gonakin gona wadanda suke shuka amfanin gona dan adam ya ci. Kawa, kadoji, kifi, strawberries, bishiyar asparagus, da albasa suna da guba - don ambata wasu abubuwan da muke ci.

Maimakon yin aiki tare da EPA don kafa matsakaicin matakan gurɓataccen matakan wadannan kafofin watsa labaru, ODungiyar DOD Task Force kawai ta yi kira don bin diddigin bukatun PFAS na jihohi daban daban a cikin izinin saukar ruwan sama. Sojojin sun ce za su kimanta ko don ci gaba Jagora game da hanyoyin zubar da kaya don kafofin watsa labarai dauke da PFAS; manajan duk fitowar da ke dauke da PFAS; da kuma sarrafa ruwan biosolids da sludge mai dauke da PFAS. Sun kasa magance ƙone kayayyakin ragowar PFAS.

Sun ki su magance matsalar lafiyar jama'a da suka haddasa.

Kodayake akwai kusan PFAS 600 a cikin kasuwanci, a halin yanzu uku - PFOS, PFOA, da PFBS - sun kafa ƙa'idodin guba waɗanda DoD ke amfani dasu don tantance ko tsaftacewa ya zama dole. Sauran wasa ne mai kyau, kuma da yawa sun riga sun shiga jikinku, suna haifar da cutarwa.