Tattaunawar zaman lafiya a Turkiyya, Maris 2022. Photo credit: Murat Cetin Muhurdar / Sashen Jarida na Shugaban Kasar Turkiyya / AFP
Daga Medea Benjamin & Nicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, Satumba 6, 2022
Watanni shida da suka gabata, Rasha ta mamaye Ukraine. Amurka, NATO da Tarayyar Turai (EU) sun lullube kansu da tutar Ukraine, sun yi ta kashe biliyoyin daloli don jigilar makamai, tare da sanya takunkumi mai tsauri da nufin azabtar da Rasha mai tsanani.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, al'ummar Ukraine suna biyan farashi don wannan yakin da wasu tsirarun magoya bayansu a yammacin duniya za su iya tunanin. Yaƙe-yaƙe ba sa bin rubuce-rubuce, kuma Rasha, Ukraine, Amurka, NATO da Tarayyar Turai duk sun fuskanci koma baya.
Takunkuman da kasashen yamma suka kakaba mata ya haifar da mabambantan sakamako, inda suka yi mummunar barna ta fuskar tattalin arziki a Turai da kuma Rasha, yayin da mamayewar da martanin da kasashen yamma suka yi a kai ya haifar da matsalar karancin abinci a Kudancin Duniya. Yayin da lokacin sanyi ke gabatowa, fatan sake yin yaki na tsawon watanni shida da kuma takunkumi na barazanar jefa Turai cikin mawuyacin hali na makamashi da kuma kasashe matalauta cikin yunwa. Don haka yana da kyau duk masu ruwa da tsaki su sake tantance yiwuwar kawo karshen wannan rikici da ya dade a cikin gaggawa.
Ga masu cewa tattaunawar ba za ta yiwu ba, dole ne mu kalli tattaunawar da aka yi a cikin watan farko bayan mamayewar Rasha, lokacin da Rasha da Ukraine suka amince da yarjejeniyar. shirin zaman lafiya mai maki goma sha biyar a tattaunawar da Turkiyya ta shiga. Har yanzu dole ne a yi aiki da cikakkun bayanai, amma tsarin da manufofin siyasa suna nan.
Rasha a shirye take ta janye daga dukkannin Ukraine, in ban da Crimea da kuma jamhuriyar da ta ayyana kansu a Donbas. Ukraine a shirye take ta yi watsi da zama memba a NATO a nan gaba kuma ta dauki matsayin tsaka tsaki tsakanin Rasha da NATO.
Tsarin da aka amince da shi ya tanadi sauye-sauyen siyasa a Crimea da Donbas da bangarorin biyu za su amince da su, bisa dogaro da kai ga al'ummomin wadannan yankuna. Wasu gungun wasu kasashe ne za su tabbatar da tsaron nan gaba na Ukraine, amma Ukraine ba za ta karbi sansanonin sojan kasashen waje a yankinta ba.
A ranar 27 ga Maris, Shugaba Zelenskyy ya fadawa wani dan kasar Masu sauraron TV, "Manufarmu a bayyane take - zaman lafiya da maido da rayuwa ta al'ada a jiharmu ta haihuwa da wuri-wuri." Ya shimfida "jajayen layukansa" don tattaunawar ta talabijin don tabbatar wa mutanensa cewa ba za su amince da yawa ba, kuma ya yi musu alkawarin kada kuri'ar raba gardama kan yarjejeniyar tsaka tsaki kafin ta fara aiki.
Irin wannan nasarar da wuri don shirin zaman lafiya ya kasance ba mamaki ga kwararrun warware rikici. Mafi kyawun damar yin sulhun zaman lafiya gabaɗaya shine a cikin watannin farko na yaƙi. Duk wata da yaki ya barke yana ba da damammaki na zaman lafiya, yayin da kowane bangare ke bayyana irin ta'asar da wani ya yi, kiyayya ta karu kuma matsayi ya yi tauri.
Yin watsi da wannan shiri na zaman lafiya na farko ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan bala'o'i na wannan rikici, kuma cikakken girman wannan bala'in zai bayyana ne kawai a cikin lokaci yayin da yakin ke ci gaba da ci gaba da haifar da mummunan sakamakonsa.
Majiyoyin Ukraine da Turkiyya sun bayyana cewa gwamnatocin Birtaniya da na Amurka sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen dakile wadanda suka fara samun zaman lafiya. Yayin ziyarar da Firayim Ministan Burtaniya Boris Johnson ya kai a Kyiv a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, a cewarsa Firayim Minista Zelenskyy cewa Burtaniya tana cikinta na dogon lokaci, cewa ba za ta kasance cikin duk wata yarjejeniya tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine ba, kuma "Gamayyar Yamma" ta ga damar "latsa" Rasha kuma ta yanke shawarar yin hakan. mafi yawansa.
Sakataren tsaron Amurka Austin ya sake nanata wannan sakon, wanda ya bi Johnson zuwa Kyiv a ranar 25 ga Afrilu kuma ya bayyana karara cewa Amurka da NATO ba kawai kokarin taimakawa Ukraine ta kare kanta ba amma yanzu sun kuduri aniyar amfani da yakin don "raunana" Rasha. Jami'an diflomasiyyar Turkiyya ya shaidawa wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Burtaniya Craig Murray mai ritaya cewa wadannan sakonni daga Amurka da Birtaniya sun kashe wasu alkawurran da suka yi na sasantawa da tsagaita bude wuta da kuma kudurin diflomasiyya.
Dangane da mamayewar, yawancin jama'a a ƙasashen yammacin duniya sun yarda da halin ɗabi'a na tallafawa Ukraine a matsayin wanda aka azabtar da zaluncin Rasha. Amma shawarar da gwamnatocin Amurka da na Burtaniya suka yanke na kashe tattaunawar zaman lafiya da tsawaita yakin, tare da duk wani tsoro, zafi da bakin ciki da ke tattare da al'ummar Ukraine, bai bayyana wa jama'a ba, ko kuma amincewa da yarjejeniya ta kasashen NATO. . Johnson ya yi ikirarin cewa yana magana ne ga "Gamayyar Yamma," amma a watan Mayu, shugabannin Faransa, Jamus da Italiya duk sun yi maganganun jama'a wadanda suka saba wa ikirarinsa.
A jawabin da shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron ya yi a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a ranar 9 ga watan Mayu ayyana, "Ba ma yaki da Rasha," kuma aikin Turai shi ne "tsaya tare da Ukraine don cimma yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta, sannan a samar da zaman lafiya."
Ganawa da Shugaba Biden a Fadar White House ranar 10 ga Mayu, Firayim Ministan Italiya Mario Draghi ya shaida wa manema labarai, “Mutane… suna son yin tunani game da yuwuwar kawo tsagaita bude wuta da sake fara wata tattaunawa mai inganci. Halin da ake ciki kenan. Ina ganin ya kamata mu yi tunani sosai kan yadda za mu magance wannan.”
Bayan tattaunawa ta wayar tarho da shugaba Putin a ranar 13 ga Mayu, shugaban gwamnatin Jamus Olaf Scholz ya wallafa a shafinsa na Twitter cewa ga Putin, "Dole ne a sami tsagaita wuta a Ukraine da sauri."
Sai dai jami'an Amurka da na Biritaniya sun ci gaba da zuba ruwan sanyi kan batun sabunta shawarwarin zaman lafiya. Canjin manufofin a watan Afrilu yana da alaƙa da alƙawarin da Zelenskyy ya yi cewa Ukraine, kamar Burtaniya da Amurka, suna cikinta na dogon lokaci kuma za su yi yaƙi, wataƙila shekaru da yawa, don musanya wa'adin dubun-dubatar biliyoyin. na daloli na jigilar makamai, horar da sojoji, bayanan sirrin tauraron dan adam da ayyukan sirri na kasashen yamma.
Yayin da abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan mummunar yarjejeniya suka bayyana, rashin amincewa ya fara bayyana, hatta a cikin kasuwancin Amurka da kafafan yada labarai. A ranar 19 ga Mayu, ranar da Majalisa ta ware dala biliyan 40 ga Ukraine, gami da dala biliyan 19 don jigilar sabbin makamai, ba tare da kuri'ar Democrat ko daya ba. The New York Times allon edita ya rubuta a jagora edita mai taken, "Yakin Ukraine yana samun sarkakiya, kuma Amurka ba ta shirya ba."
The Times ya yi tambayoyi masu tsanani da ba a amsa ba game da manufofin Amurka a Ukraine, kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin mayar da baya ga tsammanin rashin gaskiya da aka gina da watanni uku na farfagandar Yammacin Turai, ba ko kaɗan daga shafukanta ba. Hukumar ta amince da cewa, "Babban nasarar soji da Ukraine ta samu a kan Rasha, inda Ukraine ta kwato dukkan yankunan da Rasha ta kwace tun daga shekarar 2014, ba manufa ce ta hakika ba.… Tsammani mara gaskiya na iya jawowa [Amurka da NATO] zurfafa cikin tsadar rayuwa. , yaƙin da aka zana.”
A baya-bayan nan, Warhawk Henry Kissinger, na dukkan mutane, ya nuna shakku a bainar jama'a ga daukacin manufofin Amurka na farfado da yakin cacar-baka tsakaninta da Rasha da Sin da kuma rashin wata manufa ko karshen yakin duniya na uku. "Muna kan iyakar yaki da Rasha da China kan batutuwan da muka kirkira a wani bangare, ba tare da wani ra'ayi na yadda hakan zai kawo karshe ba ko kuma abin da ya kamata ya kai ga," Kissinger yace The Wall Street Journal.
Shugabannin Amurka sun zafafa hadarin da Rasha ke da shi ga makwabtanta da kasashen Yamma, suna mai da ita da gangan a matsayin makiyin da diflomasiyya ko hadin gwiwa ba za ta yi amfani da su ba, maimakon a matsayin makwabciyarta da ke nuna damuwar tsaro da za a iya fahimta game da fadada kungiyar tsaro ta NATO da kuma kewayenta sannu a hankali Amurka da sojojin kawance.
Nisa daga yin niyya don hana Rasha daga ayyuka masu haɗari ko masu tayar da hankali, gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya na bangarorin biyu sun nemi duk wata hanyar da ta dace. "overextend da rashin daidaituwa" Rasha, a duk lokacin da take yaudarar jama'ar Amurka wajen ba da goyon baya ga rikicin da ke kara ta'azzara kuma ba zato ba tsammani a tsakanin kasashenmu biyu, wadanda suka mallaki fiye da kashi 90% na makaman nukiliya na duniya.
Bayan watanni shida na yakin wakili na Amurka da NATO da Rasha a Ukraine, muna cikin tsaka-tsaki. Ya kamata ci gaba da tabarbarewar ya zama abin da ba za a iya tsammani ba, amma haka nan ya kamata a yi dogon yaki na murkushe manyan bindigogi marasa iyaka da kuma yakin basasa na birane da mahara wanda sannu a hankali da radadi ke lalata Ukraine, yana kashe daruruwan 'yan Ukrain a kowace rana da ta wuce.
Hanya guda daya tilo da za ta dace ga wannan kisa mai dorewa, ita ce komawa kan tattaunawar sulhu don kawo karshen fadan, da samar da mafita ta siyasa mai ma'ana ga rarrabuwar kawuna a siyasance a Ukraine, da kuma neman tsarin lumana na fafatawar da ke tsakanin kasashen Amurka, Rasha da Sin.
Yaƙin neman zaɓe, barazana da matsa lamba ga abokan gabanmu ba zai iya kawo cikas ga ƙiyayya da kafa fagen yaƙi ba. Mutanen da ke da kyakkyawar niyya za su iya daidaita har ma da rarrabuwar kawuna da kuma shawo kan hadurran da ke akwai, muddin suna son yin magana - da saurare - ga abokan gaba.
Medea Benjamin da Nicolas JS Davies sune marubutan Yaƙi a Ukraine: Yin Ma'anar Rikici mara Ma'ana, wanda zai kasance daga OR Littattafai a cikin Oktoba/Nuwamba 2022.
Medea Biliyaminu ita ce tushen haɗin gwiwa CODEPINK don Aminci, da marubucin littattafai da dama, ciki har da A cikin Iran: Gaskiya da Tarihin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies ɗan jarida ne mai zaman kansa, mai bincike tare da CODEPINK kuma marubucin Jini a Hannunmu: mamayar Amurkawa da lalata Iraki.
