by Yuri Sheliazhenko, Mai Neman Gaskiya, Satumba 17, 2021
Gabashin Turai a cikin ƙarni na 20-21 sun sha wahala sosai daga tashin hankalin siyasa da rikicin makamai. Lokaci ya yi da za mu koyi yadda ake zama tare cikin aminci da neman farin ciki.
Tsarin al'ada don shirya matasa don shiga cikin rayuwar siyasa ta manya a cikin ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya da Rasha ya kasance, kuma har yanzu, abin da ake kira haɓaka kishin ƙasa na soja. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, ana ganin ɗan ƙasa da ya dace a matsayin ɗan soja mai aminci da ke biyayya ga kwamandoji ba tare da tambayoyi ba.
A cikin wannan tsari, horon soja ya kasance abin koyi ga rayuwar farar hula ban da adawa daga fagen siyasa. Hakika, kowane irin waɗanda suka ƙi shiga soja da lamirinsu, kamar mabiyan “manzo na rashin tashin hankali” Leo Tolstoy da Furotesta na jama’a, an danne su a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙin “ƙungiyoyi” da kuma “ƙananan duniya.”
Kasashen da suka biyo bayan Tarayyar Soviet sun gaji wannan tsari kuma har yanzu suna son tarbiyyar sojoji masu biyayya fiye da masu jefa kuri'a. Rahotanni na shekara-shekara na Ofishin Turai don Ƙarfafa Ƙarfin Lantarki (EBCO) ya nuna cewa waɗanda aka yi wa rajista a yankin ba su da wata dama ko kuma ba su da wata dama ta amince da la’antar yaƙi da suka yi da kuma ƙin kisa.
Kamar yadda Deutsche Welle ya sanar, a cikin 2017 a taron kasa da kasa da aka yi a Berlin masana sun tattauna kan hadarin da ke tattare da tarbiyar kishin kasa bayan mulkin soji, wanda ke karfafa ikon mulkin Rasha da kuma manufofin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a Ukraine. Masana sun ba da shawarar cewa kasashen biyu suna buƙatar ilimin dimokuradiyya na zamani don zama ɗan ƙasa.
Ko da a baya, a cikin 2015, Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Tarayya na Jamus da Hukumar Kula da Ilimin Jama'a ta Tarayya sun tallafa wa Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Gabashin Turai don Ilimin Jama'a (EENCE), cibiyar sadarwar kungiyoyi da masana da ke da nufin bunkasa ilimin zama dan kasa a yankin Gabashin Turai. ciki har da Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Jojiya, Moldova, Rasha, da Ukraine. Mahalarta hanyar sadarwar sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya, wacce ke nuna kwarin gwiwa ga ra'ayoyin dimokuradiyya, zaman lafiya, da ci gaba mai dorewa.
Tunanin hana yaki ta hanyar ilimin jama'a don al'adun zaman lafiya ana iya gano shi zuwa ayyukan John Dewey da Maria Montessori. An faɗi da kyau a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na UNESCO kuma an maimaita shi a cikin sanarwar 2016 game da 'yancin samun zaman lafiya da Babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya amince da shi: "Tun da yake yaƙe-yaƙe sun fara a cikin tunanin 'yan adam, a cikin tunanin ɗan adam ne tsaro. dole ne a gina zaman lafiya."
Ƙaunar ɗabi’a a faɗin duniya don ilimantar da zaman lafiya yana da ƙarfi sosai har ma mizanan tarbiyya na kishin ƙasa sun kasa hana wasu ƙwararrun masu koyar da zaman lafiya a Tarayyar Soviet da kuma ƙasashen da suka biyo bayan Soviet Union su koya wa tsara na gaba cewa dukan mutane ’yan’uwa ne kuma ya kamata su zauna lafiya. .
Ba tare da koyon tushen tashin hankali ba, al'ummar Gabashin Turai za su iya zubar da jini da yawa yayin rugujewar daular gurguzu, rikice-rikicen siyasa da na tattalin arziki na gaba. Maimakon haka, Ukraine da Belarus sun yi watsi da makaman nukiliya, kuma Rasha ta lalata 2 692 na makaman nukiliya na tsaka-tsakin. Har ila yau, dukan ƙasashen Gabashin Turai, ban da Azerbaijan, sun gabatar da wani aikin farar hula na dabam ga wasu waɗanda suka ƙi shiga aikin soja, wanda a zahiri ba shi yiwuwa a iya samun damar yin aikin soja kuma ba shi da ladabtarwa amma har yanzu ana ci gaba idan aka kwatanta da rashin amincewa da Soviet haƙƙoƙin waɗanda suka ƙi saboda imaninsu.
Muna samun wasu ci gaba tare da ilimin zaman lafiya a Gabashin Turai, muna da 'yancin yin bikin nasarori, kuma akwai dubun-dubatar labarai a yankinmu kowace shekara game da bukukuwan ranar zaman lafiya ta duniya 21 ga Satumba a makarantu da jami'o'i. Koyaya, za mu iya kuma ya kamata mu yi ƙari.
Yawancin lokaci, ilimin zaman lafiya ba a haɗa shi a cikin manhajojin makaranta ba, amma ana iya aiwatar da abubuwansa a wasu darussa na ilimi na yau da kullun, kamar tushen ilimin zamantakewa da ɗan adam. Ɗauka, alal misali, tarihin duniya: ta yaya zan iya koyar da shi ba tare da ambaton ƙungiyoyin zaman lafiya a cikin 19-20 ƙarni da manufa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kafa zaman lafiya a duniya? HG Wells ya rubuta a cikin “The Outline of History”: “Ma’anar tarihi a matsayin kasadar gama gari na dukan ’yan Adam ya zama dole don zaman lafiya a ciki kamar yadda yake don zaman lafiya tsakanin al’ummai.”
Caroline Brooks da Basma Hajir, mawallafa na rahoton 2020 "Ilimin zaman lafiya a makarantun sakandare: me yasa yake da mahimmanci kuma ta yaya za a yi?", sun bayyana cewa ilimin zaman lafiya na neman ba wa ɗalibai damar yin rigakafi da warware rikice-rikice ta hanyar magance su. tushen tushen, ba tare da hanyar tashin hankali ba, ta hanyar tattaunawa da tattaunawa, da ba da damar matasa su zama 'yan kasa masu gaskiya waɗanda ke buɗewa ga bambance-bambance da mutunta sauran al'adu. Ilimin zaman lafiya ya ƙunshi batutuwa da batutuwa na zama ɗan ƙasa na duniya, adalci na zamantakewa da muhalli.
A cikin azuzuwan, a cikin sansanonin rani, da kuma a cikin kowane wurare masu dacewa, tattaunawa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam ko ci gaban ci gaba mai dorewa, horar da sasantawar takwarorinsu da sauran ƙwarewa mai laushi na rayuwar zamantakewar wayewa, muna ilmantar da zaman lafiya na gaba na 'yan ƙasa na Turai da mutanen Turai. Duniya, uwa duniyar dukan mutane. Ilimin zaman lafiya yana ba da fiye da bege, hakika, yana ba da hangen nesa cewa 'ya'yanmu da 'ya'yan yaranmu za su iya hana tsoro da raɗaɗi na yau ta amfani da kuma bunkasa gobe mafi kyawun iliminmu da ayyuka na zaman lafiya da dimokuradiyya don zama mutane masu farin ciki na gaske.
Yurii Sheliazhenko babban sakatare ne na ƙungiyar Pacifist na Ukraine, memba na Hukumar Tarayyar Turai don Ƙarfafa Tunani, memba na Hukumar World BEYOND War. Ya samu digiri na biyu na Master of Mediation and Conflict Management a 2021 sannan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a a shekarar 2016 a jami'ar CROK, sannan ya yi digirin digirgir a fannin lissafi a 2004 a Jami'ar Taras Shevchenko ta kasa ta Kyiv. Baya ga shiga cikin harkar zaman lafiya, shi ɗan jarida ne, marubuci, mai kare hakkin ɗan adam kuma masanin shari'a, marubucin dubun-dubatar wallafe-wallafen ilimi, kuma malami kan ka'idar doka da tarihi.
