By Cibiyar Zero Cibiyar Ayyukan Nisa, Janairu 5, 2020
Masu fafutukar neman zaman lafiya na Puget Sound, gabanin fara aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Bankin Nukiliya, sun yi kira ga ma'aikatan Navy da ke Kitsap-Bangor Naval: Ku ƙi umarnin da ba na doka ba; Qin harba makamin nukiliya.
A ranar Lahadi, 3 ga Janairurd, an buga cikakken shafi a cikin jaridar Kitsap Sun, tana magana da ma'aikatan soji a Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor. Talla din roko ne ga ma'aikatan Navy da su bijirewa umarnin harba makamin nukiliya. Roko tare da sa hannu masu goyan baya shine sanya a shafin yanar gizon mu.
Kira ga Ma'aikatan Navy na musamman sun bukaci mambobin sojojin -
Tsayayya da umarni ba bisa doka ba
Ƙi kashe fararen hula marasa laifi.
Usein oda don amfani da makaman nukiliya.
Kusancinmu da mafi yawan adadin makaman nukiliya da aka tura sun sanya mu kusa da barazanar gida da ta duniya.
Lokacin da 'yan ƙasa suka fahimci rawar da suke takawa a cikin fatawar yaƙin nukiliya, ko kuma haɗarin haɗarin nukiliya, batun ba ƙarami ba ne. Kusancinmu da Bangor yana buƙatar amsa mai zurfi.
Game da Kira ga Ma'aikatan Navy, masu fafutukar neman zaman lafiya ba sa neman cewa sojoji su bar aikin, amma a maimakon haka sai su yi aiki cikin girmamawa da kuma daidai da Codea'idar Ka'idar Adalcin Soja (UCMJ) da dokar ƙasa da ƙasa.
Memba a cikin kungiyar Zero Elizabeth Murray ta bayyana cewa, "Masu rajin zama lafiya a yankin Puget Sound sun yi magana da al'ummarmu game da makaman nukiliya a sansanin tun 1970s. Mun koyi cewa muna da damuwa iri daya tare da mambobin sojojin — damuwar cewa amfani da makamin nukiliya zai haifar da mummunan zaton da ba za a yi tsammani ba ga yawan mutanen da ba su da laifi da kuma duniyarmu. ”
Shawarwarin duniya sun yanke hukunci cewa amfani da makaman nukiliya haramtacce ne, gami da yanke hukunci a International Kotun na Shari'a a 1996. da Shekarar 1948 game da 'Yancin Dan-Adam. da 1949 Geneva Yarjejeniya; da 1977 Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar Geneva.
The United Nations Yarjejeniyar kan haramtacciyar makaman nukiliya (TPNW) zai shiga cikin ikon doka a ranar 22 ga Janairund yanzu sama da kasashe 50 sun sanya hannu kuma sun tabbatar dashi. Kungiyar ta TPNW ta haramtawa kasashen da suka rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar daga “bunkasawa, gwaji, samarwa, kerawa, mallakan, tarawa, makaman nukiliya ko wasu abubuwan fashewar nukiliya. An hana su canja wurin ko karɓar makaman nukiliya da abubuwan fashewar nukiliya, ma'ana ba za su iya ba da izinin sanya makaman nukiliya ko sanya su cikin ƙasashensu ba. Hakanan an hana jihohi amfani ko barazanar yin amfani da makaman nukiliya da sauran abubuwan fashewar nukiliya. Da mahimmancin gaske, Mataki na XII na Yarjejeniyar yana buƙatar gwamnatocin da suka amince da yarjejeniyar don matsawa ƙasashen waje da Yarjejeniyar don sanya hannu da tabbatar da ita. Babu Amurka, ko ɗayan sauran ƙasashe masu dauke da makaman nukiliya, ba su sanya hannu kan TPNW ba tukuna.
The Codea'idar Ka'idar Adalcin Soja (UCMJ) ya bayyana karara cewa ma'aikatan soji suna da aiki da aikin bin umarnin doka kawai kuma lallai suna da aikinsu sabawa umarnin da bai halatta ba, ciki har da umarni daga shugaban ƙasa wanda baya bin UCMJ. Matsayi na ɗabi'a da na doka shi ne ga Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ba ga waɗanda ke iya ba da umarni ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, musamman ma idan waɗannan umarni suna cin karo da Tsarin Mulki da UCMJ kai tsaye.
Jirgin Ruwa Na Kitsap-Bangor shine tashar jirgin ruwa zuwa mafi girman cibiyoyin tura makaman nukiliya a Amurka An tura warheads na nukiliya akan Trident D-5 makamai masu linzami on Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na SSBN kuma ana adana su a cikin ƙasa makaman kare dangi a gindi.
Akwai jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Trident SSBN guda takwas da aka tura a Bangor. Jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu shida na TrBN SSBN yana kan Yankin Gabas a King Bay, Georgia.
Maraya jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu yana ɗauke da ɓarna na sama da bama-bamai na 1,200 Hiroshima (bam ɗin Hiroshima 15 kelotons) ko ƙarfin lalata 900 bamas na Nagasaki (kilotons 20.)
Kowane jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu na Trident asalinsa an tanada don makamai masu linzami 24 Trident. A cikin 2015-2017 an katse bututun makamai masu linzami guda hudu a kan kowane jirgin karkashin ruwa sakamakon sabuwar yarjejeniyar ta START. A halin yanzu, kowane jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu na jigilar kaya tare da makamai masu linzami 20 D-5 da kusan kawunan nukiliya 90 (matsakaita na warwatse 4-5 a kowace makami mai linzami). Warheads ko dai W76-1 kiloton 90 ko W88 455-kiloton warheads.
Rundunar sojojin ruwa a farkon 2020 ta fara tura sabbin W76-2 ƙarancin warhead (kimanin kilogram takwas) akan zaɓar makamai masu linzami a cikin Bangor (bayan turawar farko a cikin Tekun Atlantika a watan Disamba 2019). An tura mayaƙin don hana amfani da makaman nukiliya na farko na Rasha, ƙirƙirar a resaramar sauka don amfani da makaman kare dangi na Amurka.
Duk wani amfani da makaman nukiliya a kan wata ƙasa ta makaman nukiliya na iya haifar da martani tare da makaman nukiliya, wanda ke haifar da mutuwa da hallaka mai yawa. Bayan da tasirin kai tsaye a kan abokan gaba, faduwar iska mai tasiri zai shafi mutane a wasu ƙasashe. Tasirin rayuwar bil'adama da tattalin arzikin duniya zai wuce tunanin tunani, kuma umarni na girma fiye da tasirin cutar coronavirus.
Hans M. Kristensen ita ce masaniyar masaniya ga bayanin, “Tashar Sojan Ruwa Kitsap-Bangor… tare da mafi girman ƙaddamar da makaman nukiliya da aka tura a Amurka ” (Dubi abin da aka kawo rubutun nan da kuma nan.) Mista Kristensen darakta ne na Tsarin Bayanai game da Nuclear a Tarayyar Masanin Kimiyya ta Amurka inda ya ba wa jama'a bayanai da kuma bayanan asali game da matsayin sojojin makaman nukiliya da kuma rawar makaman nukiliya.
Alhakin jama'a da makaman nukiliya
Kusancinmu da mafi yawan adadin makaman nukiliya da aka tura sun sanya mu kusa da barazanar gida da ta duniya. Lokacin da 'yan ƙasa suka fahimci rawar da suke takawa a cikin fatawar yaƙin nukiliya, ko kuma haɗarin haɗarin nukiliya, batun ba ƙaramin abu ba ne. Kusancinmu da Bangor yana buƙatar amsa mai zurfi.
Jama'a a cikin dimokiradiyya suma suna da nauyi - wanda ya hada da zaben shugabannin mu da kuma sanar da mu abin da gwamnatin mu ke yi. Jirgin karkashin ruwa a Bangor yana da nisan mil 20 daga cikin garin Seattle, amma duk da haka ƙananan citizensan ƙasa ne kawai a cikin yankin namu da suka san cewa akwai Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor.
Jama'ar Jihar Washington koyaushe suna zaɓar jami'an gwamnati waɗanda ke tallafawa makaman nukiliya a cikin Washington State. A cikin 1970s, Sanata Henry Jackson ya shawo kan Pentagon don gano inda jirgin Trident yake a tashar Hood, yayin da Sanata Warren Magnuson ya sami kudade don hanyoyi da sauran tasirin da tushen Trident ya haifar. Jirgin ruwan jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu shi kadai wanda aka sakawa sunan mutum (kuma tsohon Sanatan mu na Washington State) shine USS Henry M. Jackson(SSBN-730), wanda aka saukar dashi a tashar jirgin ruwa ta Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor.
A 2012, Jihar Washington ta kafa Kawancen Sojojin Washington (WMA), wanda Gregoire da Inslee ke tallatawa sosai. WMA, Ma'aikatar Tsaro, da sauran hukumomin gwamnati suna aiki don ƙarfafa rawar da Washington State a matsayin “…Tsarin jectionarfin Tsararru (Filin Jiragen Sama, Rail, hanyoyi, da Filin jirgin saman) [tare] da haɗin jirgin sama, ƙasa, da kuma teku waɗanda za a iya cim ma maƙasudin. " Kuma gani “wutar lantarki. "
Tussap-Bangor Naval Base da tsarin jirgin karkashin kasa na Trident sun samo asali tun farkon saukar jirgin ruwa na farko da ya fara sauka a watan Agusta 1982. tushe ya inganta zuwa mafi girman makami mai linzami na D-5 tare da babba mai dauke da W88 (kilo455 kiloton), tare da ci gaba da zamanintar da tsarin sarrafa makamai masu linzami da tsarin sarrafawa. Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta kwanan nan ta tura karami W76-2 “-Arancin amfanin ƙasa” ko makamin nukiliya mai dabara (kusan kilotons takwas) akan zaɓen makamai masu linzami na ballistic a Bangor, haɗari ga ƙirƙirar ƙasa don amfani da makaman nukiliya.
Batutuwan
* Amurka tana kashe kuɗi da yawa makaman nukiliya shirye-shirye fiye da lokacin Yakin Cacar Baki.
* A halin yanzu Amurka tana shirin kashe kimanin $ 1.7 tiriliyan sama da shekaru 30 domin sake gina wuraren kera makaman Nukiliya da kuma kera makaman kare dangi.
* Jaridar New York Times ta ruwaito cewa Amurka, Rasha da Sin suna taka tsantsan neman sabon ƙarni na ƙarami da ƙasa da makaman nukiliya masu lalata. Masu ginin suna barazanar farfado da a Cold War zamanin-tsere makamai da kuma kwance daidaiton iko a tsakanin al'ummai.
* Rundunar sojojin ruwan Amurka ta bayyana hakan SSBN Jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa wadanda ke sintiri sun baiwa Amurka “mafi karfinsu da dorewar karfin yajin nukiliya.” Koyaya, SSBNs a tashar jiragen ruwa da shugabannin makaman nukiliya da aka adana a SWFPAC wataƙila manufa ta farko ce a yaƙin nukiliya. Google hotunan daga 2018 yana nuna jiragen ruwa na SSBN guda uku a gabar ruwan Hood Canal.
* Wani hatsarin da ya shafi makaman kare dangi ya faru a ranar Nuwamba 2003 lokacin da tsani ya kutsa kai cikin wani makamin nukiliya a yayin safarar makamai masu linzami na yau da kullun a Wharf da ke kula da Bama-bamai a Bangor. Duk ayyukan sarrafa makami mai linzami a SWFPAC an tsayar da su na tsawon makonni tara har sai da za a iya sake ba Bangor takardar shedar sarrafa makaman nukiliya. Manyan kwamandoji uku an harbe su, amma ba a sanar da jama'a ba har sai an ba da labari ga kafofin watsa labarai a cikin Maris 2004.
* Bayanai ga jama'a daga jami'an gwamnati zuwa hatsarin makami mai linzami na 2003 sun kasance a cikin hanyar mamaki da kumajin kunya.
* Saboda ci gaba na zamani da tsare-tsaren ci gaba na shirin yaki a Bangor, makaman nukiliya ana jigilar su ne akai-akai a cikin manyan motocin da ba a yiwa alama ba tsakanin Ma'aikatar Makamashi na Pantex Shuke kusa da Amarillo, Texas da kuma tushen Bangor. Ba kamar Navy a Bangor ba, da DOE aiki inganta gaggawa shiri.
Makaman nukiliya da juriya
A shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980, dubunnan suka nuna da makaman nukiliya a ginin Bangor da daruruwan aka kama. Seattle Akbishop Hunthausen ya yi shelar Bangor jirgin ruwa mai submarine da "Auschwitz na Puget Sound ” kuma a 1982 ya fara hana rabin harajinsa na tarayya don nuna rashin amincewa da “ci gaban kasarmu a cikin tseren neman mallakar makamin nukiliya. ”
A ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2016, Shugaba Obama yayi magana a Hiroshima kuma yayi kira da a kawo karshen makaman nukiliya. Ya ce ikon nukiliya “…dole ne su kasance da ƙarfin hali don guje wa hankalin tsoro, kuma su bi duniya ba tare da su ba. " Obama ya kara da cewa,Dole ne mu canza tunaninmu game da yaki kansa. ”
Game da Ground Zero Center
An kafa Cibiyar Gine Zero don Aikin Rashin Tunawa a cikin 1977. Cibiyar tana kan eka 3.8 kusa da tashar jirgin ruwa ta Trident a Bangor, Washington. Zungiyar Zero Center for Nonviolent Action tana ba da dama don bincika tushen tashin hankali da rashin adalci a duniyarmu kuma don fuskantar ikon canza soyayya ta hanyar aiki kai tsaye ba tashin hankali. Muna adawa da duk makaman nukiliya, musamman ma tsarin Trident ballistic.
Ayyuka masu zuwa na Zero:
- Cibiyar Zero ta ƙasa don Aikin Rashin Tunawa da World Beyond War suna biya don tura allunan talla guda hudu a Seattle a watan Janairu suna sanar da shigar da yarjejeniyar a kan Haramtacciyar Makaman Nukiliya (TPNW) da kuma tunatar da 'yan ƙasa game da jirgin ruwan nukiliya na Trident ballistic wanda ke kusa da gundumar Kitsap da ke kusa.
- Ground Zero zai sake buga ƙarin Sanarwar Sabis na Jama'a biyu a jaridar Kitsap Sun - a ranar 15 ga Janairuth don girmama Martin Luther King Jr., da 22 ga Janairund fahimtar shigarwa cikin karfi na TPNW.
- A ranar 15 ga Janairuth, ranar tunawa da haihuwar Martin Luther King, Jr., Ground Zero za ta gudanar da shiri a tashar jirgin karkashin kasa na Bangor Trident, don girmama gadon Dr. King na rashin tashin hankali da adawa da makaman nukiliya.
- Membobin Ground Zero za su rike tutoci kan manyan tituna da manyan hanyoyi a duka biranen Kitsap da Seattle a ranar 22 ga Janairund sanar da shigarwa cikin ikon TPNW.
lamba info@gzcenter.org don cikakkun bayanai game da ayyukan Janairu.
