Ta hanyar Ann Wright, Satumba 13, 2019
"Duniyarmu karama ce don haka dole ne mu zauna lafiya" in ji shugaban kungiyar uwayen tsofaffin sojoji a Yakutsk, Siberia, Far East Russia kuma ya yi kira ga "iyaye mata su hada kai don yaki," ra'ayin da, duk da ayyukan na 'yan siyasarmu da shugabannin gwamnati, ɗayan ɗayan manyan lamuran gama gari ne waɗanda talakawan Russia da talakawan Amurka ke rabawa.
Je zuwa Yankin Gabashin Rasha
Na kasance a yankin gabashin gabas na Rasha, a cikin garin Yakutsk a zaman wani bangare na Cibiyar Ra'ayoyin Jama'a ga shirin diflomasiya na 'yan ƙasa. Wakilan 45-mutum daga Amurka sun kammala tattaunawa na kwanaki biyar a Moscow tare da kwararrun tattalin arziki na Rasha, siyasa da tsaro game da nazarinsu game da Rasha ta yau, an kafa su a cikin kananan kungiyoyi kuma sun bazu zuwa biranen 20 a duk faɗin Rasha don saduwa da mutane da koya game da rayuwarsu, fatansu da burinsu.
Lokacin da na hau jirgin saman S7 wanda zai tashi daga Moscow, nayi tunanin tabbas na hau jirgin da bai dace ba. Kamar dai na nufi Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan maimakon Yakutsk, Sakha, Siberia! Tunda zan je Gabas ta Gabas ta Rasha, na yi tsammanin yawancin fasinjojin za su kasance 'yan asalin Asiya ne na wani nau'i, ba Turawan Rasha ba, amma ban yi tsammanin za su yi kama da Kyrgyz ta Tsakiya daga Asiya ta Tsakiya ba. kasar Kirgizistan.
Kuma lokacin da na tashi daga jirgin sama a Yakutsk, sa'o'i shida da kuma yankuna shida na lokaci daga baya, hakika na kasance cikin lokacin dawowa shekaru ashirin da biyar zuwa 1994 lokacin da na isa Kyrgyzstan don ziyarar diflomasiyyar Amurka ta shekaru biyu.
Garin Yakutsk yayi kama da Bishkek mai iri iri iri iri na gidajen Soviet, tare da bututun ƙasa iri ɗaya don dumama dukkan gine-ginen. Kuma kamar yadda na gani a cikin kwana uku da nake ganawa da mutane a cikin gidajensu, wasu daga cikin tsoffin gine-ginen zamanin Soviet suna da haske iri ɗaya, ba su da matakan hawa, amma da zarar sun shiga ɗakuna, zazzabi da kwarjinin mazaunan za su haskaka.
Amma kamar yadda yake a duk sassan Rasha, canje-canje na tattalin arziki na shekaru ashirin da biyar da suka gabata bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet ya canza yawancin rayuwar Russia ta yau da kullun. Matsayin da aka yi a farkon shekarun 1990 zuwa ga tsarin jari-hujja tare da baje kolin manya-manyan masana'antun gwamnatin Soviet da kuma bude kananan kamfanoni da matsakaitan masana'antu sun kawo sabon gini a cikin 'yan kasuwar gami da samar da gidaje ga sabbin matsakaita masu sauya yanayin biranen Rasha. Shigo da kayayyaki, kayayyaki da abinci daga Yammacin Turai ya buɗe tattalin arziki ga mutane da yawa. Koyaya, yan fansho da wadanda suke yankunan karkara masu karancin kudin shiga sun sami rayuwarsu mafi wahala kuma da yawa suna fatan zamanin Tarayyar Soviet inda suke jin sun fi tsaro da tattalin arziki tare da taimakon jihar.
Yaƙin Duniya na II Ya Yi Furuci: Sama da Miliyan 26 Mutu
Ana ci gaba da jin tasirin yakin duniya na II a kan Russia a duk faɗin ƙasar ciki har da nesa mai nisa na Rasha. Sama da 'yan ƙasa miliyan 26 na Soviet Union aka kashe yayin da Nazi na Jamusawa suka mamaye. Sabanin haka, an kashe Amurkawa 400,000 a gidajen kallon Turai da na Pacific na Yaƙin Duniya na II. Kowane dangi na Soviet ya shafa tare da kashe danginsa kuma iyalai a duk cikin Tarayyar Soviet suna fama da rashin abinci. Mafi yawan kishin kasa a Rasha a yau ya ta'allaka ne kan tunatar da babbar sadaukarwa shekaru 75 da suka gabata don tunkude mamayar 'yan Nazi da zage-zage da kuma alkawarin ba za su sake barin wata kasa ta sake jefa Rasha cikin wannan halin ba.
Kodayake Yakutsk ya kasance yankuna sau shida da mil mil 3,000 ko mil 5400 daga nisan yamma daga gaba kusa da St. Petersburg da ƙasashen gabashin Turai da ke kewaye da yaƙi, an tattara mazaunan Soviet East East don taimakawa kare ƙasar. A lokacin bazara na farkon shekarun 1940, an saka samari a kan kwale-kwale a kan kogunan da suka kwarara arewa zuwa Arctic kuma aka tura su zuwa gaba.
Haɗu da Tsohon soji a Rasha
Tun da ni tsohon soja ne na rundunar sojin Amurka, rundunaina sun shirya min haduwa da wasu rundunoni biyu da suka danganci sojoji a Yakutsk.
Maria Emelyanova ita ce shugabar Yakutsk na Kwamitin Iyaye mata na Sojojin Rasha, kungiyar da aka kirkira a 1991 bayan dawowar sojojin Soviet daga Afghanistan a 1989 kuma tana da matukar aiki a lokacin Yaƙin Checheniya na Farko (1994-96) lokacin da an kashe sojojin Rasha 6,000 kuma tsakanin 30,000-100,000 fararen hula 'yan Checheniya sun mutu a rikicin.
Maria ta ce mummunan zaluncin yakin Chechen kamar yadda aka gani a talabijin na Rasha ya sa wasu mata biyu a Yakutsk sun mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya. An kashe samari na 40 daga yankin Yakutia a Chechnya.
Na yi tambaya game da sa hannun Rasha a Siriya kuma ta amsa cewa a saninta babu sojojin ƙasa na Rasha da ke Siriya amma Sojojin Sama suna wurin kuma an kashe sojojin saman Rasha da yawa lokacin da Amurka ta aika da makami mai linzami zuwa sansanin Sojan Sama a Siriya. Ta ce mutuwa da halakar Siriya mummunan abu ne. Maria ta kara da cewa, "Duniyarmu karama ce don haka dole ne mu zauna cikin lumana" kuma ta yi kira ga "iyaye mata su hada kai domin yaki," wanda kungiyoyin Amurka da yawa ke fada, ciki har da Tsoffin Sojoji don Aminci da Iyalan Soja Suna Magana.
Aikin soja na tilas a Rasha shekara guda ce kuma a cewar Maria, iyalai ba sa adawa da samarin samin horon soja saboda hakan yana ba su horo da kyakkyawar dama na aiki bayan shekara ɗaya ta aikin –daidaici da dalilan da yawancin dangin Amurka suka bayar-- da kuma fifita tsoffin sojoji don ayyukan yi a Amurka.
Na yi farin cikin saduwa da Raisa Fedorova, wata tsohuwa ’yar shekara 95, kuma tsoffin sojojin Soviet a Yaƙin Duniya na II. Raisa tayi aiki na tsawon shekaru 3 a sashin tsaron iska wanda ke kare bututun mai a kewayen Baku, Azerbaijan. Ta auri wani mutum daga Yakutsk kuma ta koma Siberia inda suka yi renon yaransu. Ita ce jagorar kungiyar tsoffin sojan yakin duniya na biyu da ake kira Katusha (sunan roket) kuma tana yawan magana da yaran makaranta game da munanan halayen da yakin yakin duniya na II ya yiwa Rasha da mutanen Rasha. Ita da sauran tsoffin sojoji ana girmama su a cikin al'ummominsu saboda manyan matsalolin da tsararsu ke fuskanta wajen fatattakar 'yan Nazi.
Jiragen saman Amurka sun tashi daga Alaska zuwa Russia ta jiragen saman Soviet
A cikin waɗannan kwanakin tashin hankali tsakanin Rasha da Amurka, da yawa sun manta cewa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, a ƙarƙashin shirin Ba da Lamuni, Amurka da gaske ta haɓaka masana'antun da take kerawa don samar da jirgin sama da ababen hawa ga sojojin Soviet don fatattakar Nazis. Yakutsk ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan shirin saboda ya zama ɗayan wuraren dakatar da jirage 800 waɗanda aka kera a Amurka kuma suka tashi zuwa Fairbanks, Alaska ta matukan jirgin Amurka inda matukan Soviet ke haɗuwa da su sannan kuma za su tuka jirgin sama kilomita 9700 a kan keɓe Siberia zuwa sansanonin da ke Tsakiyar Rasha.
Fairbanks da Yakutsk sun kasance biranen 'yan uwan mata ta hanyar wannan haɗin kuma kowannensu yana da abin tunawa ga matukan jirgin daga Amurka da Rasha waɗanda suka tashi daga jirgin.
Sahihancin kirkirar filayen jirgin sama a wurare na 9 a Siberia tare da kayan mai da kayan aikin don tallafawa jirgin ya kasance abin ban mamaki.
Masanin tarihi kuma marubuci Ivan Efimovich Negenblya na Yakutsk sanannen masani ne, a duk duniya akan wannan shirin kuma ya rubuta litattafai 8 game da kyakkyawar haɗin gwiwa shekaru saba'in da biyar da suka gabata tsakanin tsarin Amurka da Soviet game da abokin gaba.
Kungiyoyin kabilanci da Kasa
Mutanen da suke zaune a yankin Yakutsk suna da ban mamaki kamar ƙasa ta musamman da suke rayuwa a ciki. Sun fito ne daga ƙabilu masu yawa na asali waɗanda aka haɗu a ƙarƙashin tsarin Soviet ta hanyar ilimi a cikin yaren Rasha. Abubuwan al'adu suna sa al'adun kabilanci su rayu. Waƙa, kiɗa, sana'a da suturar kowace kabila suna da daraja sosai a yankin Yakutsk.
Ba kamar sauran sassan Rasha ba inda matasa ke ƙaura daga ƙauyuka zuwa birane, yawan mutanen Yakutsk na ci gaba da kasancewa 300,000 a tsaye. Gwamnatin tarayyar Rasha tana ba kowane mutum a Rasha hekta daya ta mallakar mallakar gwamnatin tarayya a cikin Siberia da ba kowa ke da shi don ya mamaye yankin da daukar nauyin biranen. Iyalai za su iya haɗa kadadarsu zuwa ƙasa mai fa'ida don aikin noma ko wasu masana'antu. Wani magidanci ya ce dansa da danginsa sun samu sabon fili wanda za su hau dawakai a kansa yayin da ake cin naman doki fiye da naman shanu. Dole ne ƙasar ta nuna wani matakin zama da samarwa a cikin shekaru biyar ko kuma a mayar da shi ramin ƙasar.
Jam'iyyar Jama'a ta Matan Rasha da ke da hedikwata a Yakutsk tana taimaka wa mata da iyalai a Yakutsk da kuma arewa maso gabashin tare da shirye-shirye kan kula da yara, shaye-shaye, tashin hankalin cikin gida. Angelina ta fada cikin alfahari game da balaguron mata da ke zuwa arewa zuwa kauyuka masu nisa don gudanar da “manyan darasi” a cikin batutuwa daban-daban. Isungiyar tana aiki a ƙasashen duniya tare da gabatarwa a taro a Mongolia kuma tana son faɗaɗa abokan hulɗarta a Amurka.
Matasan Rashawa sun damu da tattalin arzikin
A tattaunawar da aka yi da samari da yawa, dukkansu suna kan wayoyin hannu, kamar yadda samari a Amurka, makomar tattalin arzikinsu ta fi damuwa. Yanayin siyasa ya kasance mai ban sha'awa, amma galibi ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan yadda 'yan siyasa zasu inganta tattalin arzikin da ya tsaya. A cikin sabon yanayi, mutane da dangin Rasha suna zuwa cikin bashi don biyan kuɗin wata-wata. Samuwar kaya da siye a kan bashi, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a Amurka inda gidaje ke ɗaukar bashi 50%, wani sabon al'amari ne na rayuwa a cikin al'ummar 25 mai shekaru jari hujja. Riba a kan lamuni kusan 20% don haka sau ɗaya a cikin bashi ba tare da ƙaruwa a cikin halin tattalin arzikin mutum ba, bashin yana ci gaba da haɗuwa yana barin ƙuruciya matasa da mawuyacin hanyar fita sai dai idan tattalin arziki ya ɗauka. A yayin tattaunawar game da Tsarin Kasa wanda za a kashe dala biliyan 400 kan ababen more rayuwa, lafiya da ilimi don bunkasa tattalin arziki, wasu na tambayar inda za a kashe kudin, wacce kamfanoni za su samu kwangila, wanda ke nuna dan shakku kan cewa rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum za ta inganta kuma matakan cin hanci da rashawa na iya cin kashi mai kyau na Tsarin Kasa.
Babu Zanga-zangar Siyasa a cikin Yakutsk
Babu wata zanga-zangar siyasa a Yakutsk kamar wacce ta faru a Moscow. Zanga-zangar kawai da aka yi kwanan nan ita ce game da zargin fyade da aka yi wa wata yarinya Yakutsk da wani mutumin Kirgizz. Wannan ya kawo batun ƙaura na Kirgizistan zuwa Rasha da musamman Yakutia cikin cikakken hankali. Rasha ta bai wa Kyrgyz damar yin kaura zuwa Yakutia don ayyukan yi. Yaren Kirgizistan ya samo asali ne daga yaren Turkanci kamar yadda yaren Yakut yake. Kamar yadda jamhuriya ce ta tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, ’yan asalin Kyrgyzstan ba kawai suna magana da Kirgistan ba amma har da Rashanci. Gabaɗaya, Kirgiz ɗin ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar Yakutia sosai, amma wannan lamarin ya kawo tashin hankali daga manufofin ƙaura na Rasha.
Amurka ce makiyin Rasha?
Na yi tambayar, “Kuna tsammanin Amurka maƙiyin Rasha ce?” ga mutane da yawa a cikin Moscow da Yakutsk. Babu wani mutum da ya ce "eh." Jawabin ya kasance "Muna son Amurkawa amma ba mu son wasu manufofin gwamnatinku." Da yawa sun ce suna cikin damuwa game da dalilin da ya sa gwamnatin Rasha za ta tsunduma cikin zaben Amurka na 2016 da sanin cewa faduwar irin wadannan za ta munana-don haka, ba su yi amannar cewa gwamnatinsu ta yi hakan ba.
Wasu sun ce takunkumin da Amurkan ta sanya wa Rasha na hade Kirimiya a shekarar 2014 da kuma yin katsalandan a zabukan Amurka a 2016 ya sa Shugaba Putin ya samu karbuwa kuma ya ba shi karin ikon jagorantar kasar. Babu wanda ya yi tambaya game da batun hadewar a matsayin wanda bai dace ba ko kuma ya saba wa doka kamar yadda Crimea ke rike da manyan rundunonin soji wadanda masu son juyin mulkin Ukraine masu kishin kasa za su yi barazanar. Sun ce Putin ya tsaya wa Amurka yana yin abin da ya ga ya fi dacewa ga tsaron kasar Rasha da tattalin arzikin Rasha.
Sun ce rayuwa a karkashin gwamnatin Putin ta kasance mai karko kuma har zuwa shekaru ukun da suka gabata, tattalin arziki na ci gaba. Classaramar ƙarfi ta fito daga rikice-rikicen 1990s. Sayar da motocin Japan da Koriya ta Kudu ya bunkasa. Rayuwa a cikin birane ta canza. Koyaya, rayuwa a cikin ƙauyuka ta kasance da wuya kuma da yawa sun ƙaura daga ƙauyukan zuwa biranen neman aiki da kuma samun dama mafi girma. Tsofaffin da suka yi ritaya suna ganin zama a kan fanshon jihar ya zama da wahala. Dattawa suna zaune tare da 'ya'yansu. Kusan babu wuraren kula da datti a Rasha. Kowane mutum na da inshorar lafiya ta asali ta hanyar gwamnati kodayake asibitocin likita masu zaman kansu suna haɓaka ga waɗanda ke da kuɗaɗen kuɗi don biyan kuɗin kulawa na masu zaman kansu. Kodayake yakamata a keɓance kayan aikin likita da magunguna daga takunkumi, takunkumin na Amurka ya yi tasiri ga ikon shigo da wasu kayan aikin likita.
Kungiyoyin Rotary suna Hada Amurkawa da Russia Tare
Masu masaukina a Yakutsk membobin Rotary Club International ne. Kungiyoyin Rotary sun kasance a cikin Rasha tun daga shekarun 1980 lokacin da Rotary Ba'amurke ya ziyarci iyalen Rasha ta hanyar Cibiyar Inganta Citizan ƙasa sannan kuma ya sake ramawa kuma ya gayyaci Russia da su ziyarci Amurka A yanzu akwai sama da surori 60 na Rotary a Rasha. Rotary International na da haɗin gwiwa tare da jami'o'i takwas a duk duniya don ƙirƙirar Cibiyoyin Rotary don Nazarin Duniya a cikin zaman lafiya da sasanta rikici. Rotary yana ba da kuɗi ga masana 75 kowace shekara don shekaru biyu na karatun digiri a ɗayan manyan jami’o’i takwas a duniya.
Taron duniya na gaba na Rotary International na gaba zai kasance ne a watan Yuni 2020 a Honolulu kuma muna fatan cewa abokai daga surorin Rotary a Rasha zasu sami damar samun visa zuwa Amurka don haka zasu iya halarta.
Jindadin zama, ba Permafrost !!!
A lokacin hunturu, Yakutsk ya kasance birni mafi sanyi a duniya yayin tare da matsakaicin zazzabi na -40 digiri Centigrade. Birnin yana zaune akan dusar ƙanƙara, mita 100 zuwa kilomitoci ɗaya da rabi da bargon kankara wanda ƙarancin ƙafa ne kawai a ƙarƙashin arewacin Siberia, Alaska, Kanada da Greenland. Permafrost babban kuskure ne kamar yadda na damu. Ya kamata a kira shi PermaICE a matsayin ƙanƙarar sa, ba sanyi wanda shine babban ƙanƙan da ke ɓoye a ƙasan ƙafa kaɗan na ƙasa ba.
Yayin da dumamar yanayi ke dumama duniya, kankarar ya fara narkewa. Gina fara jerin abubuwa da nutsarwa. Gine-gine yanzu yana buƙatar a gina gine-gine akan firam don kiyaye su daga ƙasa kuma hana zafin su daga ba da gudummawar narkewar PermaICE. Idan babban dusar kankara ta narke, ba kawai garuruwan da ke bakin teku na duniya za su mamaye ba, amma ruwa na kwarara zuwa cikin nahiyoyin. Gidan adana kayan tarihin permafrost wanda aka sassaka daga wani tsaunin kankara a gefen Yakutsk yana ba da dama don hango girman kan dusar kankara da arewacin duniyar take zaune. Sassaka kankara na jigogin rayuwar Yakutian sun sa gidan kayan gargajiya ya zama ɗayan mafi ban mamaki da ban taɓa gani ba.
Wooly Mammoths An Adana a cikin Jima'i
Permafrost yana ba da gudummawa ga wani sashin na musamman na Yakutia. Farautar tsoffin dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda suka yi yawo a duniya dubun dubunnan shekarun da suka gabata sun kasance a nan. Yayin da jejin Gobi na Mongolia ke riƙe da ragowar dinosaur da ƙwai, yanayin dusar ƙanƙanwar Yakutia ya kama ragowar dabbobin mamma. Balaguro zuwa babban yankin da ake kira Sakha, wanda Yakutia yake daga ciki, sun sami nasarar gano ragowar mammoth mai kyau, don haka an kiyaye su sosai cewa jini yana gudana a hankali daga gawar ɗaya lokacin da aka yankata daga kabarinsa mai sanyi a 2013 Masana kimiyya sun dauki samfurin naman suna nazarin shi. Ta yin amfani da samfurin naman da aka adana, masana kimiyyar Koriya ta Kudu suna ƙoƙari su yi dunƙulen mahaɗar dabbar!
“Duniyarmu Karama Ce Don Haka Dole Mu Rayu Cikin Aminci”
Jigon labarin zamana a Yakutsk, Gabas ta Gabas Rasha, shi ne cewa Russia, kamar Amurkawa, suna son a sasanta tsakanin Amurka da 'yan siyasar Rasha da jami'an gwamnati ba tare da zubar da jini ba.
Kamar yadda Maria Emelyanova, shugabar Kwamitin Iyaye mata na Sojojin Rasha ta ce, “Duniyarmu ba ta da kyau sosai dole ne mu zauna lafiya.”
Ann Wright tayi aiki na shekaru 29 a Sojojin Amurka / Sojojin Amurka kuma tayi ritaya a matsayin Kanar. Ta kasance diflomasiyyar Amurka na tsawon shekaru 16 kuma ta yi murabus a 2003 a adawa da yakin Amurka da Iraki.
