An shirya Ma'aikatan Kasuwanci Condor a Makarantar Sojojin Amurka

By Brett Wilkins, Yuli 18, 2019

daga Mafarki na Farko

Five na 24 maza yanke masa hukunci a makon da ya wuce ta hanyar Kotun Italiyanci zuwa rai a kurkuku saboda matsayinsu a cikin yakin da aka yi wa Yammacin Amurka da aka yi wa Cold War yaki da 'yan tawayen Amurka ta Kudu sun sauke daga wata makarantar soja ta Amurka da aka san lokacin da aka koyar da su azabtarwa, kisan kai, da kuma dimokuradiyya.

A ranar Jumma'ar 8 na kotun daukaka kara na Roma sun yanke hukuncin kisa ga tsohon Bolivian, Chilean, Peruvian da Uruguay da kuma jami'an soja bayan da aka samu laifin sace da kuma kashe 23 Italiya a cikin 1970s da 1980 a lokacin Aikin Condor, haɗin gwiwar da 'yan mulkin mallaka suka yi a Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil-kuma, daga bisani, Peru da Ecuador-da kuma sanin barazanar hagu. Wannan yakin, wanda aka sace da sace-sacen mutane, azabtarwa, bacewar da kisan kai, ya ce an kiyasta 60,000 rayuwar, bisa ga ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan adam. Wadanda aka ci sun hada da hagu da sauran masu adawa da su, malamai, masu ilimi, malaman jami'a, dalibai, masu kula da yankunan karkara da kuma 'yan kasuwa.

Gwamnatin Amurka-ciki har da hukumomin soja da na bayanan-sun taimaka wa Operation Condor tare da taimakon soja, tsare-tsare, da goyon bayan fasaha da kuma kulawa da horo a kan hukumomin Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter da Reagan. Mafi yawan wannan tallafi, wadda Amurka ta yi ƙoƙarin tabbatarwa a cikin mahallin Cold War na duniya ya yi gwagwarmaya da gurguzu, ya kasance ne a hukumomin Amurka a Panama. A can ne sojojin Amurka suka bude Makarantar Kasuwancin a cikin 1946, wanda zai kammala karatun digiri na 11 Latin Amurka a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Babu wani daga cikinsu ya zama shugabanninsu na mulkin demokradiyya, wanda ke jagorantar ma'anar 'yan makarantar' 'Assassins' 'SOA' 'da kuma' Makarantar Harkokin Kasuwanci '' saboda ya samar da su da yawa.

SOA mafi yawan kwararren digiri na biyu sun hada da narke-fataucin Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega, mai kisan gillar soja a Guatemalan Efraín Ríos Montt, Dan takarar Bolivian Hugo Banzer (wanda aka sani don kare Klaus Barbie na yaki da Nazi), kwamandan sojin Haitian da kwamandan sojojin kasar Raoul Cédras da kuma Leopoldo Galtieri na kasar Argentine, wanda ya jagoranci a lokacin "Dirty War" na kasarsa, inda dubban dubban marasa laifi maza da mata sun bace. Yawancin sauran masu aikata laifuffuka sunyi nazarin SOA, wani lokacin amfani US manuals wanda ya koyar da sace-sacen, azabtarwa, kisan gilla, da kuma yadda za a shawo kan mulkin demokra] iyya.

Wasu daga cikin mummunar kisan gilla da sauran hare-haren da sojojin Amurka suka yi a lokacin yakin basasa a El Salvador da Guatemala a lokacin 1980s, ciki harda kashe mutanen 900 mazauna-mafi yawa mata da yara - a El Mozote, da kisan gillar Bishop na Salvadoran Óscar Romero da fyade da kisan kai na mata hudu da suka yi aiki tare da shi, an shirya su, sunyi ko kuma rufe su ta SOA. Don haka sun kasance jerin chainsaw massacres a Colombia, kashe 'yan jarida hudu a El Salvador, da kisan gilla na tsohon tsohon dan kasar Chile da kuma mataimakansa na Amurka a wani harin bom na 1976 a Washington, DC da kuma sauran hare-hare.

Yanzu ana iya bayyana cewa mutane da yawa sun yanke hukuncin kisa a kurkuku a Roma a makon da ya gabata kuma su ne masu karatun SOA. A cewar wani bayanai daga cikin tsoffin jami'o'i na 60,000 SOA wadanda suka hada da asusun ajiyar na Amurka na Makarantar Harkokin Nahiyar Amirka (SOAW), ƙungiyar 'yan gwagwarmaya ta Georgia wadda mahaifin Roy Bourgeois ya kafa a 1990,' yan SOA guda biyar ne daga cikin mutanen 24 da kotun Italiya ta samu laifin. Biyu daga cikinsu sune suna daga cikin 'yan makarantar SAW da suka fi sani da "SOA mafi girma": tsohon tsohon ministan Bolivian Luis Arce Gómez, wanda ke aiki a yanzu a gidan yari na 30 don kisan kare dangi, kisan gilla da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, da kuma Luis Alfredo Maurente, wani wakilin Uruguay da ke cikin damuwa da bacewar kusan mutane 100 a Uruguay da Argentina. Arce Gomez ya kammala sakonni, mai kula da fasaha da gyaran rediyo a SOA a 1958; Maurente ya halarci SOA a 1969 da 1976, nazarin ilimin soja. Sauran 'yan karatun SOA guda uku da aka gano a cikin wadanda ake kira 24 sune: Hernán Ramírez Ramírez (Chile, tsarin umurni, 1970), Ernesto Avelino Ramas Pereira (Uruguay, Harkokin Moto, 1962) da kuma Pedro Antonio Mato Narbondo (Uruguay, ba a bayyana su ba, 1970).

SOA mai sarrafawa a Panama daga 1946 har zuwa 1984, lokacin da aka sake komawa Fort Benning, Georgia. A cikin kokarin da ya sake dawowa a cikin karar da jama'a ke yi a kan kullun digiri, SOA ya canza sunansa zuwa Cibiyar Harkokin Tsaro na Yammacin Turai (WHINSEC) a 2000, tare da karfafawa da hakkin dan Adam. Duk da haka, ɗaliban makarantar suna ci gaba da yin abubuwan da ke cikin dubani har yau, tare da hudu daga cikin shida generals bayan juyin mulki na 2009 Honduran da kuma tsohon kwamitocin Mexico yanzu ana aiki ne a matsayin 'yan bindigar ga magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi na kasa da kasa tare da wasu tsoffin' yan tsofaffin ɗalibai.

Babu tabbacin cewa yawancin wadanda ake tuhuma a cikin sha'anin Roma zasu fuskanci adalci, don haka sai dai ɗaya daga cikin 24 an gwada shi a cikin rashin bin doka a ƙarƙashin tsarin shari'a na duniya. Uruguay, wanda bai yarda da hukuncin rai ba, ya riga ya daure mutane da laifin aikata laifuka irin wannan. A Janairu 2017 Kotun Italiya ta yanke hukuncin kisa ga takwas daga cikin wadanda ake zargi da su, ciki har da tsohon tsohon shugaban kasar Bolivia Luis García Meza, tsohon shugaban Peru Peruvian Francisco Morales Bermúdez, da kuma tsohon ministan harkokin waje na Uruguay Juan Carlos Blanco - wanda yanzu an kama shi a garin Montevideo-zuwa rayuwa a bayan bayanan , yayinda zartar da 19 wasu saboda ka'idojin ƙuntatawa. Wadannan takaddun sun sake juyawa da shawarar da aka yi a ranar Litinin.

Brett Wilkins shi ne marubucin wallafa-wallafen San Francisco na musamman da kuma edita-manyan ga labarai na Amurka a Digital Journal. Ayyukansa, wadanda ke mayar da hankali akan batutuwan yaki da zaman lafiya da 'yancin ɗan adam, an ajiye su ne a www.brettwilkins.com.