By Robert C. Koehler
"Lokacin da wani ya tambaye shi, 'Me yasa kake yin hakan zuwa ga gogo, me yasa kake yin hakan ga mutane?' amsarka ita ce, 'To, me, yaya kawai, sun kasance gooks, ba mutane bane. Ba ya bambanta abin da kuke yi da su; ba mutane bane. '
"Kuma an gina wannan abu cikin ku," Cpl. John Geymann ya shaida kusan 44 da suka wuce a lokacin binciken da aka yi a Winter Soldier, wanda aka gudanar a Detroit, wanda aka tallafa masa Vietnam Veterans yaki da yakin. "An kunyar da kai daga lokacin da kake farkawa a sansani har zuwa lokacin da kake farka lokacin da kake farar hula."
Makasudin yakin basira ne. Wannan shi ne darasi na Nam, daga Hanyar Ranch Hand (watsar da gandun daji na 18 miliyan, ciki har da Orange Agent, a kan itatuwan Vietnam) zuwa My Lai don amfani da napalm zuwa bama-bamai na Cambodia. Kuma Sakamakon Bincike na Winter ya fara fara aiwatar da labarun da aka yi game da ilimin jama'a.
Ya kasance mai ban mamaki da kuma ɓarna a tarihin yaki. Duk da haka - tsammani abin da? - sauraren kwana uku, wanda 109 Vietnam da tsoffin rundunar farar hula 16 suka shaida game da irin yadda ake gudanar da ayyukan {asar Amirka a {asar Vietnam, ba ya nuna "jerin lokaci"Na Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Tsaro ta hanyar tunawa, kamar yadda Shugaba Obama ya yada, ranar tunawar 50 na yakin.
Wannan ba mamaki, ba shakka. Matsayin da ba'a da tushe ba tare da wata matsala ba, har ma da sanarwar shugaban kasa - "sun kaddamar da jingina da shinkafa, zafi da damuwa, suna fada da jariri don kare akidodin da muke riƙewa a matsayin 'yan Amurkan" - shine "mai kyau" da yakin da aka yi, ya kawar da kullun, ya sake mayar da martani ga jama'a game da ayyukan bautar da Amurka ta yi, kuma ya kawar da "Vietnam Syndrome" daga asalin ƙasar.
Don haka, idan an kashe wani wuri a tsakanin 2 da 3 miliyan Vietnamese, Laotian da Cambodia a cikinta, tare da sojojin Amurka na 58,000 (tare da wasu matakan, mafi yawan adadin masu aikatawa mutum ya kashe kansa bayan haka)? Rashin mummunan yaki ba kome ba ne sai matsala ga wadanda suke so su biya na gaba. Ya dauki ƙarni na sake dawowa kafin tattalin arzikin soja-masana'antu ya iya fara yakin da ta'addanci, wanda kanta ba ta da tallafi ga jama'a. Watakila sake mayar da Vietnam a matsayin ɓangaren ƙarya yana cikin wani shirin da ya fi girma don sa al'ummar Amirka su yi alfahari da dukan yaƙe-yaƙe, kuma, don haka, sun fi dacewa game da ra'ayin (da kuma gaskiya) na har abada.
Wakilin Mujallar Wakilin Kayan Watan Lantarki na Vietnam ya haifar da kullun baya, irin su Tsohon Soji don Aminci "cikakken bayaninwa"Yakin; da kuma takarda, sun sanya hannu a kan wa] annan 'yan gwagwarmaya, irin su Tom Hayden da Daniel Ellsberg, suna buƙatar cewa an yi tasirin tashin hankali na yaki a cikin' 60s da '70s a matsayin ɓangare na yakin basasa. Na yarda, ba shakka, amma yi hanzari don ƙara cewa akwai mafi yawanci a gwargwadon rahoto a nan fiye da daidaito na rikodin tarihi.
Kamar yadda masanin jarida da masanin gabas ta Tsakiya Phyllis Bennis ya fada New York Times, "Ba za ku iya raba wannan ƙoƙari don tabbatar da yakin basasa na 50 shekaru da suka wuce daga yakin basasa na yau ba."
Na sake maimaita cewa: Kullun kowane yakin shine ƙaddamarwa, wani tsari mai ban tsoro tare da tsaikowa mai dorewa. Kuma War ta Vietnam shine farkon da cikakken tsoro na wannan tsari, ya kawar da dukan daukakar da kuma wajibi ne, ya kai ga fahimtar jama'a.
Taswirar yanar gizon don kawar da wannan sanarwa yana da tausayi. A cikin farkon jerin lokuta, alal misali, kisan kiyashin My Lai wanda aka kori shi ne "abin da ya faru." Harkokin jama'a ya tilasta shafin yanar gizon don cike da harsashi kuma ya san, a cikin Maris 16, jerin sunayen 1968: "Americal Division ya kashe daruruwan Vietnamese fararen hula a My Lai. "
Ho hum. Har yanzu ya kasance mai kyau yaki, daidai? My Lai ne kawai aberration. An kama wani sasiriya, an gwada shi, dan kaso. . .
Amma kamar yadda 'yan jaridar Winter Army da littattafai masu yawa da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin littattafan suka nuna cewa, Lai Lai ba aberration ba ne amma al'amuran al'ada: "Sun kasance kawai gooks, ba mutane ba ne."
Kamar yadda Nick Turse da Deborah Nelson suka nuna a cikin wani labarin 2006 a cikin Los Angeles Times ("Kashe Kasuwanci Ba a Rushe ba"), bisa ga binciken da aka yi wa 'yan bindigogi: "Abun da ba a tsare ba ne a cikin' yan 'yan karamar ƙira, wani rahoto na Times game da fayilolin da aka samo. An gano su a cikin wani rukuni na sojojin da ke aiki a Vietnam. "Wadannan takardu sun tabbatar da azabtarwar 320, azabtarwa ko taro kisan gillar 'yan faransanci na Vietnamese, tare da daruruwan daruruwan da suka ruwaito amma ba a tabbatar ba, sun rubuta.
Wannan labarin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da kisan gillar 'yan farar hula na Vietnamese da ya hada da wasika da sakonnin da ba a sani ba ya aika zuwa ga William Westmoreland a 1970, wanda "aka bayyana a fili, wanda ba a bayyana ba ne daga' yan kungiyar 9th Infantry Division a Mekong. Delta - kuma matsa lamba daga magoya baya don samar da babban jiki ya ƙidaya. "
Harafin ya ce: "Yakin basasa zai iya kashe 15 zuwa 20 [fararen hula] a rana daya. Tare da 4 batalions a cikin brigade cewa watakila 40 zuwa 50 a rana ko 1200 zuwa 1500 a wata, mai sauƙi. Idan ni kawai 10% dama, kuma kuyi imani da ni akwai kuri'a mafi yawa, to, ina ƙoƙarin gaya maka game da kisan kai 120-150, ko kuma My Lay [sic] kowane wata na tsawon shekara guda. "
Kuma akwai da yawa. Wasu daga cikin shaidu suna da ban tsoro, kamar Sgt. Joe Bangert Shaidun shaida a Binciken Bincike na Winter:
"Kuna iya dubawa tare da Marines wadanda suka shiga Vietnam - kwanakin karshe a Jamhuriyar Amirka a matsayinsu na battalion a Camp Pendleton kana da kwarewa kaɗan kuma an kira shi darasi na rabbit, inda ma'aikatan NCO suka fito kuma yana da zomo kuma yana da suna magana da kai game da gudun hijira da kuma kariya da rayuwa a cikin kurkuku. Yana da wannan zomo, sannan kuma a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan da kowa yayi la'akari da shi - ba tare da ƙaunarsa ba, amma, ka sani, sun kasance da mutum a wurin - ya karya shi cikin wuyansa, ya rufe shi, shi. Ya yi haka ga zomo - sannan kuma suka jefa jingina a cikin taron. Za ku iya samun wani abu daga abin da kuke so, amma wannan ne darasi na karshe da kuka kama a Amurka kafin ku tafi Vietnam inda suka dauki wannan zomo kuma suka kashe shi, kuma suna fata, kuma suna wasa da gabobin su kamar suna kuma sun jefa gabobin a duk faɗin wannan wuri, sa'an nan kuma an sa wadannan mutane a jirgin sama a rana mai zuwa sannan suka aika zuwa Vietnam. "
Wannan ya zama cikakke bayyananne: An matsa wa sojojin Amurka daga sama, da gaske, horar da su da kuma umurce su, su bi da "abokan gaba" - ciki har da fararen hula, ciki har da yara - a matsayin subhuman. Duk abin da ya biyo baya ya kasance mai yiwuwa. Kuma kamar yadda wa] anda ke fama da mummunan rauni, da suka fito daga Iraki da Afghanistan, sun ci gaba da sanar da mu, har yanzu muna da hanyar da za mu yi yaƙi.
Robert Koehler ya lashe lambar yabo ne, mai wallafa labarai na Chicago da kuma marubuci na kasa. Littafinsa, Ƙarfin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfi a Wound (Xenos Press), har yanzu akwai. Tuntuɓi shi a kahlercw@gmail.com ko ziyarci shafin yanar gizonsa a commonwonders.com.
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