Da zarar an kafa Rundunar Sojan Sama…

Ta Pat Elder, Oktoba 21, 2019

Naushin gurbatawa a sansanin Sojojin Sama na Norton a San Bernardino, California tana barazanar lafiyar ɗan adam 35 shekaru bayan an rufe ginin.

Norton Air Force Base wani wurin ajiyar kayan aiki ne da tashar jigilar kayayyaki masu nauyi, wani abu kamar babban kantin sayar da kayan kwastan na Amazon don dakile yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya. Lokacin da aka rufe ginin a 1994, Sojan Sama ya san yadda guba keɓaɓɓen yanayin da ke kewaye, kodayake wasu kalilan ne suke tunanin hakan. Norton ya fara a 1940 a matsayin sansanin Sojojin Sama. Shekaru 79 bayan haka, ginin yana barin gado na ƙasa mai gurbatawar gaske, ruwan ƙasa, da ruwa mai zurfi.

Babu makawa, mafi yawan gurbatawar da Sojojin Sama suka bari sune Per- da Poly Fluoroalkyl Abubuwa, ko PFAS, wanda aka yi amfani da kumfa yayin ayyukan motsa jiki na wuta. 

Dubi RAHOTON GABATAR DA SHAFIN FINA-FINAI DOMIN SAMUN FINA-FINAI MASU YADA KAYAN KUNYA A KASAR DUNIYA NA NORON AIR, Agusta 2018. Aerostar SES LLC ne ya gudanar da binciken shafin don Cibiyar Injin Injiniyan Soja ta Sama. Binciken ya tashi don ƙayyade adadin PFOA, PFOS, ko jimlar duka biyun a cikin ruwan ƙasa da ƙasa. Hakanan an caji binciken tare da gano hanyoyin hanyoyin shan ruwan kiwon lafiyar dan adam, kuma idan ya cancanta, rage tasirin ruwan sha.

An gano ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin tsohuwar tushe ya ƙazantu da PFOS a matakan sassa 18.8 na tiriliyan. Masana kimiyya na Harvard sunce 1 ppt yana da haɗari. An dauki samfurin daga zurfin ƙasa - ƙafa 229.48 zuwa ƙafa 249.4 ƙasan ƙasa. Gano wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta 249.4 ƙafa ƙasa yana nuna yadda nisan sunadarai suka kutsa cikin rami mai zurfin ruwa tun lokacin da aka ɗauka cewa sun fara amfani da shi a shekara ta 1970. “Abubuwan sunadarai na har abada” sun bazu cikin ƙasa da ƙafa 5 a kowace shekara. 

California kwanan nan ta kafa matakan sanarwa ga PFOS a 6.5 ppt da PFOA a 5.1 ppt don shan ruwa, ma’ana ruwan karkashin kasa Norton ya nunka sau uku sama da wancan matakin. An gano kasar tana dauke da microgram 5,990 na kilogram daya (μg / kg) na PFOS, wanda ya ninka kusan sau biyar sama da na EPA na son rai na 1,260 µg / kg.

Binciken yanar gizon ya ƙunshi sashin sharhi da amsa inda masu mulki ke tambayar Sojan Sama don bayani da ƙarin bayani. Rundunar Sojan Sama ta ci gaba da cewa "hanyar shan ruwan sha bai cika ba." A takaice dai, Sojojin Sama suna cewa babu yadda za a yi PFAS ta isa ga ruwan sha. EPA ta ce lokaci bai yi ba da za a kammala wannan bisa ga bayanan da Sojojin Sama suka bayar. 

Cibiyar ta EPA ta nemi Rundunar Sojan Sama da ta samar da wasu bayanai game da ƙaurawar AFFF daga wuraren da aka gano tun lokacin da aka sake su. A halin yanzu, Sojan Sama suna da'awar cewa carcinogens sun yi ƙaura mil 4 kawai, yayin da tambayoyin EPA ke da lambar, yana nuna cewa ya kamata ya fi hakan girma. EPA tana neman gwajin Rukunin Sojan Sama da na gida da na jama'a a cikin mil mil 4 na farkon ginin.

Mafi yawancin abin takaici, Sojojin Sama sun hana sakamakon gwajin PFAS mai cutarwa akan kasa da ruwan karkashin kasa a wuraren da suke tushen gini Gini 694 da Facility 2333. Sojojin saman sun kuma daina tattaunawa game da fanfo da tsarin kula da aiki na shekaru da yawa a Norton. Abune mai mahimmanci saboda tsarin ya shafi ƙaurawar AFFF. EPA ta nemi Sojojin Sama da su kawo bayanai kan wurin da ake hakar rijiyoyin dangane da wuraren da AFFF ta samo asali, tsawon lokacin da suka yi aiki, yadda aka kula da ruwan da kuma fitar da shi, da sauransu. 

Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna da mahimmanci wajen tantance tasirin ga lafiyar jama'a. Irin wannan nau'in obfuscation yana faruwa a duk matakan Gwamnatin Trump, amma a nan, karyar su na shafar lafiyar mu.

Isasan da ke ƙasa akwai sashi na rufin tsakanin manajan ruwa na California da Sojan Sama. Yana bayar da wayewa cikin Al'adar gurbatawa. Karanta jawabin Stephen Niou, Sashen California na Abubuwan Duban Masu Guba (DTSC) da Patricia Hannon na Kwamitin Kula da Ingancin Ruwa na Yanayin Santa. Bayan haka, karanta martani daga Sojan Sama.

Sojojin Sama suna shimfida doka, “Haɗuwa da PFOS na iya haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Koyaya, idan babu ƙa'idodin tarayya ko jihohi na ƙaƙƙarfan doka, ba a ba da shawarar ci gaba da aiwatarwa har sai an haɓaka waɗannan ƙa'idodin kuma an gabatar da su. Saboda ba a fahimci haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyar ɗan adam daga PFAS a cikin ƙasa ba kuma babu matakan da aka gabatar, ba a ba da shawarwarin ragewa a halin yanzu. ” 

Sojojin Sama sun dogara da EPA da Majalisa don gujewa aikata barna yayin da yake ci gaba da cutar da jama'a. Ayyukan EPA a matakin gida, kamar yadda aka nuna a nan, abin a yaba ne, amma ƙin yarda, a matakin tarayya, don saita matakan ƙaƙƙarfan matakan gurɓataccen magunguna ga duk abubuwan sunadarai na PFAS.

Tsohon Norton AFB yana a saman kusurwar dama na wannan hoto. Kogin Santa Ana yana gudana daga tushe zuwa Corona. Lura da rawar a cikin ɗakunan karatu na ruwa kusa da Corona a kasan / tsakiyar taswirar. Yankin yana da tushe guda biyu da aka sani don gurbata muhalli tare da PFAS: Rundunar Sojan Amurka da kamfanin 3M, wanda ke a Corona. 3M kuma Sojojin Sama sun yi wa Amurkawa guba a asirce - kuma suna kwance a kanta har ƙarni biyu.

Addendum

PFAS gurbatawar yankin Santa Ana ta Hanyar Sama da Jirgin sama na Norton kawai yanki ne na ƙazantar da ke tattare da wurin. Wasu daga cikin sunadarai masu mutuƙar sanannu ana cikin su a cikin ƙasa, ruwan karkashin kasa, ruwa mai zurfi, da kuma iska a yankin da ke kusa da Norton. Sojojin Sama ba su kula da yadda ya kamata ba. 

wadannan Ana samun sinadarai masu guba a tsohuwar tashar jirgin saman Norton. Duba Ofishi don Abubuwan Guba da Cutar Bayanan Toxicological don bayani game da kowane gurɓataccen abu. Wadannan sunadarai sukan shiga jikinmu don haifar da cutar kansa, cuta, da mutuwa:  

Mai ba da gudummawa 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE, 1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE, 1,2- DICHLOROBENZENE, 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE, 1,2-DICHLOROETHENE (CIS DA TRANS) MIXTURE), 1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE, ANTIMONY, ARSENIC, BENZENE, BENZO (B) FLUORANTHENE, BENZO (K) FLUORANTHENE, BENZO [A] ANTHRACENE, BENZO [A] PYRENE, BERYLLIUM, CADMIUM, CHLORDANE, CHLORINATED DIOXINS DA FURANS, CHLOROBENZENE, CHLOROETHENE (VINYL CHLORIDE), CHLOROETHENE (VINYL) CHLORIDE), CHROMIUM, CHRYSENE, CIS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE, COPPER, CYANIDE, DICHLOROBENZENE (MIXED ISOMERS), ETHYLBENZENE, INDENO (1,2,3-CD) PYRENE, LEAD, MERCURY NAPHTHALENE, NICKEL, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs), HYDROCARBONS SANYA (PAHS), RADIUM-226, SELENIUM SILVER, TETRACHLOROETHENE, THALLIUM, TOLUENE, TRANS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE, TRICHLOROETHENE, XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS), ZINC.