Daga Tomohiro Osaki, Agusta 3, 2020
daga Japan Times
Barkewar sabon labari na coronavirus kwanan nan a sansanonin sojan Amurka da ke Okinawa sun sake yin haske kan abin da mutane da yawa ke ɗauka a matsayin haƙƙin haƙƙin yanki da ma’aikatan Amurka ke morewa a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Matsayin Sojojin Amurka da Japan (SOFA).
A karkashin tsarin, ana ba wa membobin sojojin Amurka izini na musamman daga "fasfo na Japan da dokokin biza da ka'idoji," wanda ke ba su damar tashi kai tsaye zuwa sansanonin tare da keta tsarin gwajin kwayar cutar da hukumomin kasa ke kulawa a filayen jirgin sama.
Kariyar su ga kula da shige da fice shi ne sabon abin tunatarwa game da yadda ma'aikatan SOFA duk suke "fiye da doka" a Japan, suna yin la'akari da ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren abubuwan da suka gabata a baya inda tsarin bangarorin biyu ya tsaya cak kan kokarin hukumomin kasa na yin bincike, kuma bin hukumci, laifuffuka da hadurran da suka shafi ma'aikatan Amurka - musamman a Okinawa.
Har ila yau, gungu na Okinawa sun sake nuna sabon yadda ikon Japan a matsayin mai masaukin baki ya fi wasu takwarorinsa na Turai da Asiya da ke karbar sojojin Amurka, suna kara kira a Okinawa don sake fasalin tsarin.
Tarihi mai kauri
An rattaba hannu tare da sabunta yarjejeniyar Tsaron Amurka da Japan a 1960, yarjejeniyar tsakanin kasashen biyu ta bayyana hakki da gata da mambobin sojojin Amurka ke da hakki a Japan.
Yarjejeniyar wata bukata ce da ba za a iya kaucewa ba ga kasar Japan ta karbi bakuncin sojojin Amurka, wanda kasar mai fafutukar tabbatar da zaman lafiya ta dogara kacokan a matsayin hanawa.
Amma sharuɗɗan da tsarin ya ginu a kai ana kallon su a matsayin rashin lahani ga Japan, yana haifar da shakku kan ikon mallakar ƙasa.
Baya ga izinin shige da fice na kyauta, tana ba wa Amurka iko na musamman akan sansanonin ta kuma ta rage ikon Japan akan binciken laifuka da shari'a inda ma'aikatan Amurka ke da hannu. Har ila yau, akwai keɓancewa daga dokokin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na Japan, ba da damar Amurka ta gudanar da horar da jiragen sama a ƙananan tudu wanda ke haifar da ƙarar hayaniya akai-akai.
An yi wasu gyare-gyare ta hanyar jagorori da ƙarin yarjejeniyoyin shekaru, amma tsarin da kansa ya kasance ba a taɓa shi ba tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a cikin 1960.
Rashin daidaiton da ke tattare da yarjejeniyar ya zo a cikin maimaitawa, bincike mai zurfi a duk lokacin da wani babban lamari ya faru, wanda ya haifar da kira ga sake fasalinsa - musamman a Okinawa.
A matsayinta na babbar rundunar sojan Amurka a kasar, Okinawa a tarihi ta sha fama da munanan laifuffukan da masu yi wa kasa hidima ke yi, da suka hada da fyade da ake yi wa mazauna yankin, da hadarurrukan jiragen sama da matsalolin hayaniya.
A cewar yankin Okinawa, ma'aikatan Amurka, ma'aikatan farar hula da iyalai sun aikata laifuka 6,029 na laifuka tsakanin 1972 - lokacin da aka mayar da Okinawa ga ikon Japan - da kuma 2019. A daidai wannan lokacin, an sami hadurra 811 da suka shafi jiragen Amurka, ciki har da fadowa da fadowa. sassa.
Mazauna kusa da Kadena Air Base da Marine Corps Air Station Futenma da ke lardin sun kuma kai karar gwamnatin tsakiyar kasar suna neman a ba su umarni, da kuma yi musu diyya, horon jirgin da tsakar dare da sojojin Amurka suka yi.
Amma watakila babban dalilin célèbre shine hatsarin 2004 na jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na Marine Corps Sea Stallion a harabar jami'ar Okinawa International University.
Duk da hatsarin da ya afku kan kadarorin kasar Japan, sojojin Amurka sun kwace tare da killace wurin da hatsarin ya afku ba tare da sun hana 'yan sanda da jami'an kashe gobara shiga Okinawan ba. Lamarin dai ya nuna rashin jin dadin zaman lafiya tsakanin Japan da Amurka a karkashin hukumar SOFA, kuma a sakamakon haka ya sa bangarorin biyu suka kafa sabbin ka'idoji na wuraren da aka yi hadari.
Daga vu?
An ƙarfafa fahimtar sojojin Amurka a matsayin wuri mai tsafta da dokar Japan ba ta cika ba yayin barkewar cutar sankara, tare da ma'aikatanta za su iya shiga cikin al'ummar bisa ga ka'idojin keɓe kansu waɗanda har zuwa kwanan nan ba su haɗa da gwaji na dole ba.
Kamar yadda a cikin Mataki na ashirin da 9 na tsarin da ke ba wa sojoji kariya ga fasfo da ka'idojin biza, da yawa daga Amurka - babban wurin zama na coronavirus mafi girma a duniya - sun tashi kai tsaye zuwa sansanonin jiragen sama a Japan ba tare da yin gwajin tilas ba a filayen jirgin saman kasuwanci.
Sojojin Amurka sun sanya mutane masu shigowa cikin keɓewar kwanaki 14 da aka sani da ƙuntata motsi (ROM). Amma har zuwa kwanan nan ba a ba da umarnin gwajin sarkar polymerase (PCR) akan dukkansu ba, gwajin kawai wadanda suka nuna alamun COVID-19, a cewar wani jami'in ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar wanda ya yi wa manema labarai bayani kan yanayin rashin sani.
Sai a ranar 24 ga Yuli ne Sojojin Amurka na Japan (USFJ) suka dauki wani mataki mai tsauri ga gwaji na wajibi, suna ba da sanarwar cewa duk ma'aikatan SOFA - ciki har da sojoji, farar hula, iyalai da 'yan kwangila - za su zama tilas su bi ta hanyar COVID-19. gwada kafin a sakewa daga ROM ɗin kwanaki 14 na wajibi.
Wasu ma'aikatan SOFA, duk da haka, suna zuwa ta jirgin sama na kasuwanci. Wadancan mutanen suna yin gwaje-gwaje a filayen jirgin sama kamar yadda gwamnatin Japan ta bayar, ba tare da la’akari da ko sun nuna alamun cutar ba, in ji jami’in ma’aikatar harkokin wajen kasar.
Tare da Amurkawa bisa ka'ida ba za su iya shiga Japan a halin yanzu ba saboda takunkumin tafiye-tafiye, membobin SOFA masu shigowa da gaske an yi su daidai da ƴan ƙasar Japan da ke neman sake shiga.
"Game da masu yi wa hidima, SOFA ta ba su hakkinsu na shiga Japan tun da farko. Don haka kin shigar su zai zama matsala domin ya saba wa SOFA,” in ji jami’in.
Daban-daban halaye da iko
Lamarin dai ya sha banban sosai da sauran kasashe.
Ko da yake a cikin tsarin SOFA da Amurka, makwabciyarta Koriya ta Kudu ta yi nasarar tabbatar da gwajin dukkan sojojin Amurka da suka iso da wuri fiye da Japan.
Sojojin Amurka na Koriya (USFK) ba su amsa buƙatun don fayyace lokacin da ainihin manufar gwajin tilas ta fara ba.
Sanarwar da ta fito daga bainar jama'a, duk da haka, na nuna tsayayyen tsarin gwajin da sojoji suka yi ya fara ne tun a karshen watan Afrilu. Sanarwar da aka fitar a ranar 20 ga Afrilu ta ce "duk wani mai alaka da USFK da ya isa Koriya ta Kudu daga ketare" za a gwada shi sau biyu a cikin keɓewar kwanaki 14 - yayin shigarwa da fita - kuma yana buƙatar nuna sakamako mara kyau a waɗannan lokutan biyun. a sake shi.
Wata sanarwa ta daban har zuwa ranar alhamis tana nuna manufar gwajin iri ɗaya ta kasance a wurin, tare da USFK tana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "shaida ga tsauraran matakan kariya na USFK don dakatar da yaduwar cutar."
Akiko Yamamoto, mataimakin farfesa kan harkokin tsaro a jami'ar Ryukyus kuma kwararre a hukumar SOFA, ya ce, sabanin ra'ayin sojojin Amurka game da gwaji tsakanin Japan da Koriya ta Kudu, ba zai rasa nasaba da abin da SOFA dinsu suka bayyana ba.
Idan aka yi la'akari da nau'ikan guda biyu suna ba da ikon keɓantaccen ikon Amurka don gudanar da sansanonin ta, "Ba na tsammanin an baiwa Koriya ta Kudu wata babbar fa'ida fiye da Japan idan aka zo batun gwada ma'aikatan Amurka lokacin isowa," in ji Yamamoto.
Bambancin, don haka, an yi imanin ya fi siyasa.
Manufar gwajin gwagwarmayar Koriya ta Kudu daga tafiya, tare da gaskiyar cewa sansanonin Amurka a cikin al'ummar sun mayar da hankali kan cibiyar siyasa ta Seoul, suna ba da shawarar "gwamnatin Moon Jae-in da alama ta matsa wa sojojin Amurka aiwatar da tsattsauran ra'ayi. -ka'idojin kamuwa da cuta," in ji Yamamoto.
A wani wuri kuma, yanayin karkatar da tsarin SOFA na Japan da Amurka na iya taka rawa wajen haifar da manyan bambance-bambance.
Wani rahoto na 2019 na lardin Okinawa, wanda ya binciki matsayin sojan Amurka a ketare, ya kwatanta yadda kasashe kamar Jamus, Italiya, Belgium da Burtaniya suka sami damar kafa babban ikon mallaka da sarrafa sojojin Amurka tare da nasu dokokin cikin gida a karkashin Arewa. Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Atlantic (NATO) SOFA.
Yamamoto ya ce "Lokacin da sojojin Amurka suka kaura daga wata kasa memba ta NATO zuwa wata, suna bukatar izinin kasashen da suka karbi bakuncinsu don canja wuri, kuma kasashen da suka karbi bakuncin sun ba da izinin keɓe ma'aikatan da ke shigowa da kansu," in ji Yamamoto.
Ostiraliya ma, na iya amfani da nata dokokin keɓe ga sojojin Amurka a ƙarƙashin US-Ostiraliya SOFA, a cewar binciken Okinawa Prefecture.
Duk wani jirgin ruwa na Amurka da zai tura zuwa Darwin, babban birnin lardin Arewacin Ostiraliya, za a "yi masa gwajin COVID-19 kuma a gwada shi idan ya isa Australia, kafin a keɓe shi na tsawon kwanaki 14 a wuraren da aka shirya na musamman a yankin Darwin," Linda. Reynolds, ministan tsaron Australia, ya fada a cikin wata sanarwa a karshen watan Mayu.
Toshe tazarar
Damuwa yanzu suna karuwa cewa takardar izinin kyauta da aka baiwa SOFA daidaikun mutane da suka isa kasar Japan zai kasance cikin rudani a kokarin gwamnatin tsakiya da kananan hukumomi na yakar yaduwar cutar sankarau.
Yamamoto ya ce "Tare da yaduwar cutar da ke yaduwa cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da duk wani Ba'amurke da ke cikin hadarin kamuwa da cutar, hanya daya tilo da za a iya kawar da kwayar cutar ita ce daidaita kwararar masu shigowa daga Amurka," in ji Yamamoto. "Amma gaskiyar cewa ma'aikatan SOFA na iya tafiya cikin 'yanci don kawai alaƙa da sojoji yana haɓaka haɗarin kamuwa da cuta."
Duk da cewa USFJ a yanzu ta ayyana gwaji kan duk ma'aikatan da ke shigowa a matsayin tilas, har yanzu hukumomin Japan za su yi hakan ba tare da kulawa ba, lamarin da ya haifar da tambayar yadda tsauraran matakan za su kasance.
A ganawarsa da ministan harkokin wajen kasar Toshimitsu Motegi da ministan tsaro Taro Kono a watan da ya gabata, gwamnan Okinawa Denny Tamaki ya bukaci gwamnatin tsakiya ta dauki matakin dakatar da sauya shekar mambobin SOFA daga Amurka zuwa Okinawa, da kuma yin kwaskwarima ga hukumar SOFA domin yin hakan. suna ƙarƙashin dokokin keɓewar Japan.
Wataƙila sane da irin wannan sukar, USFJ ta fitar da wata sanarwa ta haɗin gwiwa da ba kasafai ba tare da Tokyo a makon da ya gabata. A ciki, ya jaddada cewa yanzu an sanya "manyan ƙarin hani" a kan dukkan ayyukan Okinawa sakamakon girman matsayin kariya na kiwon lafiya, kuma ya yi alƙawarin yin bayyanar da lamuran a bayyane.
"GOJ da USFJ sun sake jaddada aniyarsu na tabbatar da hadin kai ta yau da kullun, gami da kananan hukumomin da abin ya shafa, da kuma tsakanin hukumomin kiwon lafiya, da kuma daukar matakan da suka dace don hana ci gaba da yaduwar COVID-19 a Japan." Sanarwar ta ce.
