Okinawa, Bugu da ƙari - Sojan Sama na Amurka da Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka sun Poasa Ruwan Okinawa da Kifi tare da Rearin Sakin PFAS. Yanzu lokacin Soja ne.

by Pat Dattijo, World BEYOND War, Yuni 23, 2021

Ja “X” yana nuna “wurare inda ruwan kashe gobara wanda ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (PFAS) an yi imanin ya gudana. " Wurin da aka yiwa alama da haruffa huɗu a sama shine "Tengan Pier."

A ranar 10 ga Yuni, 2021, lita 2,400 na "ruwan kashe gobara" wanda ke dauke da PFAS (na kowane-da poly fluoroalkyl abubuwa) an sake su bisa kuskure daga Sashen Adana Man Fetur na Sojojin Amurka a cikin garin Uruma da sauran wuraren da ke kusa. Ryukyu Shimpo kamfanin dillancin labarai na Okinawan. Ofishin Tsaro na Okinawa ya ce kayan guba sun malalo daga sansanin saboda ruwan sama da aka yi. Ba a san adadin PFAS ba a cikin sakin yayin da Sojojin ba su zuwa. An yi amannar malalar mai ta malala cikin Kogin Tengan da cikin teku.

A yayin binciken da aka gudanar a da lardin, an gano Kogin Tengan yana da babban adadi na PFAS. Saki mai guba na sinadarai masu guba da sojojin Amurka suka yi sananne ne a Okinawa.

Yi la'akari da yadda ake bi da sabon ɓarnar a cikin Okinawan press:

“A yammacin ranar 11 ga watan Yuni, Ofishin Tsaro ya kai rahoton lamarin ga gwamnatin lardin, Uruma City, Kanatake Town, da kuma kungiyar masunta da ke aiki tare, kuma sun nemi bangaren Amurka da su tabbatar da kula da lafiya, da hana sake afkuwa, kuma cikin hanzari kai rahoton lamarin. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ta isar da nadamarta ga bangaren Amurka a ranar 11 ga Yuni. Ofishin Tsaro, da gwamnatin birni, da 'yan sanda masu kula da yankin sun tabbatar da wurin. Ryuko Shimpo ya nemi bayanan dalla-dalla game da lamarin ga sojojin Amurka, amma ya zuwa karfe 10 na dare a ranar 11 ga Yuni, ba a amsa ba. ”

Idan Sojoji suka amsa, za mu san abin da za su ce. Za su ce sun damu da lafiya da amincin Okinawans kuma suna da niyyar tabbatar da kula da lafiya da kuma tabbatar da cewa ba a sake samun hakan ba. Wannan zai zama ƙarshen labarin. Yi ma'amala da shi, Okinawa.

Okinawans 'yan asalin ƙasar Japan ne na aji biyu. Gwamnatin Jafananci ta nuna sau da yawa cewa ba ta damu da lafiya da amincin Okinawans ba yayin da ake yawan sake fitar da guba daga sansanonin Amurka. Kodayake ƙaramin tsibirin Okinawa ya ƙunshi kashi 0.6% na ƙasar Japan, amma kashi 70% na ƙasar da ke Japan wanda ya keɓance da sojojin Amurka yana wurin. Okinawa yana kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na girman Long Island, New York, kuma yana da wuraren soja 32 na Amurka.

Okinawans suna cin kifi da yawa wanda gurɓataccen matakan PF ya gurbataOS, wani nau'ikan nau'ikan PFAS mai kisa wanda ke kwarara zuwa cikin ruwa daga asalin Amurka. Rikici ne a kan tsibirin, saboda yawan shigarwar sojojin Amurka. Cin abincin teku shine tushen asalin shigar ɗan adam na PFAS.

Nau'ikan hudu da aka lissafa a sama (daga sama zuwa kasa) sune takobi, lu'u lu'u danio, guppy, da tilapia. (Nanogram 1 a gram, ng / g = sassa 1,000 a cikin tiriliyan (ppt), don haka takobin takobi ya ƙunshi pp 102,000) EPA tana ba da shawarar iyakance PFAS a cikin ruwan sha zuwa 70 ppt.

Futenma

A cikin 2020, tsarin kawar da wuta a cikin hangar jirgin sama a tashar jirgin saman Marine Corps Futenma ya fitar da adadin kumfa mai kama da wuta mai guba. Kuraren kumfa sun zubo a cikin wani kogi na gida kuma an ga kumfa mai kama da gajimare suna yawo sama da ƙafa ɗari sama da ƙasa kuma suna zaune a filayen wasanni da unguwanni.

Sojojin Ruwa suna jin daɗin wani barbecue  a cikin wata babbar hangar da aka saka tare da wani tsari na dakile kumfa wanda a fili aka cire lokacin da aka gano hayaki da zafi. Gwamnan Okinawan Denny Tamaki ya ce, "Gaskiya ba ni da wata magana," lokacin da ya sami labarin cewa gasa abinci ne ya sa aka sake shi.

Kuma menene zai zama martani mai dacewa daga Gwamna yanzu? Zai iya cewa, alal misali, “Amurkawa suna saka mana guba a yayin da gwamnatin Japan ke son sadaukar da rayukan Okinawan don kasancewar sojojin Amurka da ba su karewa. 1945 ta kasance tuntuni kuma tun daga wannan lokacin muke fama da cutar. Tsaftace rikicewar ku, Sojojin Amurka na Japan, ku fita. ”

Giwan manyan kumfa na kumfa sun zauna a cikin unguwannin zama kusa da sansanin Futenma Marine Corps a Okinawa.

Lokacin da aka matsa masa ya yi sharhi, David Steele, kwamandan Futenma Air Base, ya raba maganarsa ta hikima da jama'ar Okinawan. Ya sanar dasu cewa "idan anyi ruwa, zata sauka." A bayyane yake, yana magana ne game da kumfa, ba wai ra'ayin kumfa don cutar da mutane ba. Irin wannan hatsarin ya afku a wannan sansanin a watan Disamba na shekarar 2019 lokacin da tsarin dakile wuta bisa kuskure ya fitar da kumfa mai cutar kansa.

A farkon 2021, gwamnatin Okinawan ta sanar da ruwan karkashin kasa a yankin da ke kusa da Marine Corps base dauke da nauyin 2,000 ppt na PFAS. Wasu jihohin Amurka suna da ƙa'idodi waɗanda suka hana ruwan ƙasa daga ƙunshe da sama da ppt 20 na PFAS, amma wannan yana Okinawa ne.

Wani rahoto daga Ofishin Tsaro na Okinawa ya ce kumfa na fitowa a Futenma

"Ba shi da wani tasiri a kan mutane." A halin yanzu, Ryukyo Shimpo jaridar ta samo ruwan kogi kusa da tushen Futenma kuma ta sami 247.2 ppt. na PFOS / PFOA a cikin Kogin Uchidomari (wanda aka nuna da shuɗi.) Ruwan teku daga tashar kamun kifi ta Makiminato (a hagu a sama) ya ƙunshi 41.0 ng / l na gubobi. Kogin yana da nau'ikan PFAS iri iri 13 waɗanda ke ƙunshe a cikin kumfa mai cike da fim (AFFF).

Ruwan kumfa ya malalo daga bututun bututu (ja x) daga Marine Tashar Jirgin Sama ta Corps Futenma. Ana nuna titin jirgin akan dama. Kogin Uchidomari (a shudi mai shuɗi) yana ɗauke da guba zuwa Makiminato a Tekun Gabashin Sin.

Don haka, menene ma'anar cewa ruwa yana da sassa 247.2 a cikin tiriliyan na PFAS? Yana nufin mutane suna yin rashin lafiya. Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Wisconsin ta ce matakan ruwa a saman haka wuce 2 ppt yin barazana ga lafiyar dan adam. PFOS a cikin kumfa dafaffiyar kwayar halittar rayuwa. Hanya ta farko da mutane ke cinye waɗannan sunadarai shine ta cin kifi. Wisconsin kwanan nan ya buga bayanan kifi kusa da Truax Air Force Base wanda ke nuna matakan PFAS sosai kusa da abubuwan da aka ruwaito a Okinawa.

Wannan game da lafiyar mutum ne da kuma yadda ake sanyawa mutane guba ta hanyar kifin da suke ci.

A shekarar 2013, wani hadari a Kadena Air Base ya watsa lita dubu 2,270 na jami'ai masu kashe gobara daga wata rumfar bude wuta zuwa cikin magudanan ruwa. Wani Mashayi mai shaye-shaye ya kunna tsarin danniya na sama. Hadarin Sojojin da aka saki kwanan nan 2,400 lita na kumfa mai guba.

PFAS mai laushi ta cika Kadena Air Force Base, Okinawa a 2013. Karamin cokali na kumfa a wannan hoton na iya sanya guba a duk wani tafkin shan garin.

A farkon 2021 gwamnatin Okinawan ta bayar da rahoton cewa ruwan karkashin kasa daga wajen tushe yana dauke 3,000 ppt. na PFAS.  Ruwan karkashin kasa yana malalawa zuwa ruwan da ke saman, wanda daga nan sai ya kwarara zuwa tekun. Wannan abubuwan ba kawai sun shuɗe ba. Ya ci gaba da ƙarewa daga tushe kuma kifin yana da guba.

Wurin Kin Kin Man Fetur, Mai, da Man shafawa a garin Uruma nan take kusa da bakin dutsen, wanda ake amfani da shi don karbar nau'ikan makamai da alburusai. A cewar kwamandan rundunar Fleet Operations Okinawa, “Tengan Pier wuri ne da ba a san mazauni da shi ba don masu shawagi da ninkaya. Ana zaune a Tengan Bay a gefen Tekun Pacific na Okinawa, wannan wuri na musamman yana ba da ɗayan mafi girman abubuwan rayuwar ruwa da ake samu a ko'ina cikin wannan yankin. ”

Wannan kawai ya kumbura. Wata matsala: Ayyukan sojan Amurka suna barazanar ci gaba da lafiyar wannan rayuwar ta ruwa, da rayuwar ruwan teku. A zahiri, sabon ginin da aka gina a Henoko yana barazana ga yanayin halittar coral reefs, farkon ɓacewar yanayin ƙasa. Ana iya sake adana makaman nukiliya a Henoko, idan har an gama ginin.

Kwamandan Rundunar Tsaro Okinawa

Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta yi barazanar gurfanar da ita
Guba ta Soja don amfani da insignias na ruwa.

Kin Wan yana karba, yana adanawa, yana kuma fitar da dukkan mai, jirgin mai, da kuma man dizal da Sojojin Amurka suke amfani da shi a Okinawa. Yana aiki da kulawa da tsarin bututun mai na mil mil 100 wanda ya isa daga tashar jirgin sama ta Futenma Marine Corps a kudancin tsibirin, ta Kadena Air Base, zuwa Kin Wan.

Wannan shine asalin zuciyar sojojin Amurka a Okinawa.

Manyan gidajen man Amurka kamar haka a duk duniya an san su da amfani da adadi mai yawa na sunadarai na PFAS tun farkon 1970s. Manyan gidajen man fetur sun daina amfani da kumfa mai cutarwa, suna sauyawa zuwa daidai kumfar kumfa mara sa gurɓataccen iska.

TAKAHASHI Toshio ɗan gwagwarmayar kare muhalli ne wanda ke zaune kusa da sansanin Futenma Marine Corps. Kwarewarsa a cikin gwagwarmaya don sarrafa matakan amo daga tashar jirgin sama suna ba da darasi mai mahimmanci game da wajibcin yin tsayayya da Amurkawa waɗanda ke lalata mahaifarsa.

Yana aiki a matsayin sakatare na Kungiyar Lauyan Bom din Jirgin Sama na Futenma US. Tun daga 2002, ya taimaka wajen gabatar da kara a gaban kotu don kawo karshen gurbatar hayaniya da jirgin saman sojan Amurka ya haifar. Kotun ta yanke hukunci a cikin 2010 da kuma a cikin 2020 cewa hayaniyar da aikin jirgin saman sojan Amurka ya yi ba bisa doka ba ne kuma ya wuce abin da ake ganin ya dace da shi, cewa gwamnatin Japan ita ma ke da alhakin barnar da aka yi wa mazauna kuma dole ne ta biya mazauna yankin kudi .

Tun da gwamnatin Japan ba ta da ikon tsara aikin jirgin saman sojan Amurka, an ki amincewa da roko da Takahashi ya yi na “umarnin tashi”, kuma barnar da karar jirgin ta haifar ba ta ci gaba ba. Shari'a ta uku a halin yanzu tana jiran Kotun Gundumar Okinawa. Babbar kara ce mai ajin aiki tare da masu gabatar da kara sama da 5,000 suna da'awar lalacewa.

"Bayan Futenma kumfa da ya faru a watan Afrilu na 2020," in ji Takahashi,

gwamnatin Japan (da karamar hukuma da mazauna) ba su iya bincika lamarin da ya faru a cikin sansanin sojan Amurka ba. Da

 US - Matsayin Yarjejeniyar Soja, ko SOFA  yana ba da fifiko ga sojojin Amurka da aka girke a Japan kuma suna hana gwamnati binciken wurin da cutar ta PFAS da yanayin hatsarin ya faru. ”

A cikin shari'ar da aka yi a kwanan nan a cikin rundunar Uruma, gwamnatin Japan (watau, gwamnatin Okinawa) ita ma ba ta iya bincika musabbabin wannan cutar ba.

Takahashi ya bayyana, “An nuna cewa gurbatar PFAS na haifar da cutar kansa kuma zai iya shafar ci gaban tayi da haifar da cuta a kananan yara, don haka binciken musabbabin da tsabtace gurbataccen abu yana da mahimmanci don kare rayukan mazauna da kuma sauke nauyin da ke kanmu na gaba tsara. "

Takahashi ya ce ya ji cewa ana samun ci gaba a Amurka, inda sojoji suka binciki cutar PFAS kuma sun dauki wani nauyi na tsaftacewa. “Wannan ba batun sojojin Amurka bane da ke jibge a kasashen waje,” in ji shi. "Irin wadannan matakan biyu na nuna wariya da rashin girmamawa ga kasashen da suka karbi bakuncin da kuma yankunan da sojojin Amurka suke, kuma ba za a iya amincewa da su ba," in ji shi.

Godiya ga Joseph Essertier, Mai kula da Japan don a World BEYOND War da Mataimakin Farfesa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Nagoya. Joseph ya taimaka tare da fassarawa da bayanan edita.