By Elliott Adams
A saman, Kotunan Nuremberg kotu ce da masu nasara suka tattara wanda ke gurfanar da wadanda suka rasa. Hakanan gaskiya an gwada masu aikata laifukan yaƙi na Axis kodayake ba a aikata masu laifin yaƙin ba. Amma akwai damuwa mafi girma a lokacin game da dakatar da yaƙe-yaƙe na zalunci fiye da gurfanar da masu aikata laifukan yaƙi, tunda babu wanda ya yi tunanin duniya za ta iya tsira daga yaƙin duniya ɗaya. Manufar ba azaba ba ce amma don neman sabuwar hanyar ci gaba. Kotun a cikin hukuncin ta ta ce "Maza ne ke aikata laifukan da suka shafi dokar kasa da kasa, ba daga wasu kamfanoni ba, kuma kawai ta hanyar hukunta mutanen da suka aikata irin wannan laifin za a iya aiwatar da tanade-tanaden dokar kasa da kasa."
Nuremberg ya bambanta da yanayin shari'ar mai nasara ta lokacin. Tare da Nuremberg masu nasara sun juya baya daga karɓar hukuncin ramuwa na waɗanda aka ci. Dalilin azabtar da wadanda suka fara yakin wanda ya kashe miliyan saba'in da biyu, gami da miliyan sittin da daya a bangaren mai nasara, ya kasance babba. Mai Shari'a Robert Jackson, Alkalin Kotun Koli na Amurka kuma babban maginin Kotun Nuremberg, ya ce a cikin jawabin bude taron na Kotunan "Kuskuren da muke neman yin Allah wadai da su an yi su sosai, suna da mugunta, kuma suna da matukar illa, cewa wayewa ba zai iya ba yi haƙuri da watsi da su, saboda ba zai iya ci gaba da maimaita su ba. ” Stalin ya gabatar da shawarar da ta dace na aiwatar da manyan shugabannin Jamusawan 50,000. Ganin kisan gillar da aka yi wa Gabas ta Tsakiya da Russia ta fuskanta, yana da sauƙi a fahimci yadda ya ɗauki wannan ya dace. Churchill ya yi tir da cewa aiwatar da saman 5,000 zai isa jini don tabbatar da hakan ba zai sake faruwa ba.
Powersarfin masu nasara a maimakon sun saita sabon tafarki, ɗayan gwajin laifi, Kotunan Nuremberg da Tokyo. Justice Jackson ya bayyana cewa "Wadannan manyan kasashe hudu, wadanda suka cika da nasara kuma suka jikkata da rauni, suka kasance a hannun ramuwar gayya tare da mika wuya ga makiyansu da ke hannunsu don yanke hukunci a shari'a na daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan girmamawa da Power ta taba ba Dalilin.
Amincewa da rashin kammalawa, Nuremberg ya kasance ƙoƙari don kafa doka don ma'amala da shuwagabannin zamantakewar al'umma da marasa ƙarfi da mabiyansu waɗanda zasu fara yaƙe-yaƙe. "Wannan Kotun, duk da cewa labari ne da kuma gwaji, tana wakiltar kokarin da wasu manyan kasashe hudu suka yi, tare da goyon bayan wasu goma sha bakwai, don amfani da dokar kasa da kasa don haduwa da hadari mafi girma a zamaninmu - yaki mai karfi." in ji Jackson. Gwajin ya bayar da cewa kowane wanda ake tuhuma za a tuhume shi, yana da damar kare kansa a gaban kotu, kwatankwacin kotun farar hula. Kuma da alama akwai wani matakin adalci tunda wasu an same su da laifi kwata-kwata, wasu kawai an same su da laifin wasu tuhume-tuhume kuma yawancin ba a kashe su ba. Ko wannan kawai kotun nasara ce wacce aka yi ado da kayan kwalliya na adalci ko kuma matakan farko na kuskuren sabuwar hanyar ci gaba zai dogara ne da abin da ya faru a shekarun baya, har ma da abin da ke faruwa a yanzu. Wasu daga abin da aka yarda da su yau da kullun sun zo mana daga Nuremberg kamar kalmomin laifukan yaƙi, laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama
Jackson ya ce “Ba za mu taba mantawa ba cewa rikodin da muke yin hukunci a kansa a kan wadannan wadanda ake tuhuma shi ne rikodin da tarihi zai hukunta mu gobe. Idan muka ba wadannan wadanda ake tuhumar hukunci mai kyau, to mu sanya su a bakinmu ma. ” Sun san kawai suna rubuta sashin farko na labarin Nuremberg kuma wasu zasu rubuta ƙarshen. Zamu iya amsa wannan tambayar game da adalcin mai nasara ta hanyar dubawa kawai a cikin 1946. Ko kuma zamu iya ɗaukar hangen nesa da kuma amsa ta dangane da yau da kuma nan gaba, dangane da sakamakon dogon lokaci daga Nuremberg.
Shin adalci ne kawai don amfanin waɗanda suka ci nasara shi ne ƙalubalenmu. Shin za mu bar dokokin duniya su zama kayan aiki kawai ga masu ƙarfi? Ko kuwa za mu yi amfani da Nuremberg a matsayin kayan aiki don “Dalili akan Iko”? Idan muka bari ka'idojin Nuremberg kawai ake amfani dasu akan makiya na masu karfi to wannan zai zama adalcin mai nasara kuma zamu "sanya lamuran dafi a bakinmu." Idan a maimakon haka, mu mutane, aiki, buƙata kuma, muyi nasarar riƙe manyan masu aikata laifuffukanmu da gwamnati har zuwa waɗannan dokoki iri ɗaya to da bai zama kotun nasara ba. Kalaman Justice Jackson muhimmin jagora ne a yau, “Hankalin 'yan Adam yana bukatar cewa doka ba za ta tsaya tare da azabtar da kananan laifuka da kananan mutane ke yi ba. Dole ne kuma ya isa ga mazajen da suka mallaki manyan iko kuma su yi amfani da shi da kyau kuma su hada karfi da karfe wajen sanya mugunta. ”
Komawa ga ainihin tambayar - Shin Kotunan Nuremberg sun kasance masu adalci ne kawai? - wannan ya dogara da mu - wannan ya dogara da ku. Shin za mu gurfanar da manyan laifukanmu na yaƙi? Shin za mu girmama kuma mu yi amfani da wajibai na Nuremberg don adawa da laifukan gwamnatinmu na cin zarafin ɗan adam da laifuka na zaman lafiya?
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Elliott Adams ya kasance mai warwarewa, dan siyasa, dan kasuwa; yanzu yana aiki don zaman lafiya. Sha'awarsa ga dokar ƙasa da ƙasa ta girma ne daga gogewarsa a yaƙi, a wuraren rikici kamar Gaza, kuma ana yi masa shari'a don gwagwarmayar neman zaman lafiya.
