Masu sa hannu da aka jera a ƙasa
A cikin shekaru da dama da suka gabata, Pentagon, sojojin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, da kamfanoni suna aiki bisa tsari don faɗaɗa kasancewarsu a cikin yanayin koyo na K-12 da kuma a cikin jami'o'in jama'a. Haɗin tasirin sojoji, ƙungiyoyin ra'ayin mazan jiya da tushe, da haɗin gwiwar tsarin ilimin jama'a ya lalata tushen tsarin dimokuradiyya na ilimin farar hula. Halin da idan aka bar shi ya ci gaba, zai raunana tsarin mulkin farar hula, kuma a karshe, sadaukarwar kasarmu ga manufofin dimokuradiyya.
Masu sanya hannu kan wannan sanarwa sun yi imanin cewa yana da gaggawa ga duk masu fafutukar tabbatar da adalci na zamantakewa, zaman lafiya da muhalli su gane irin hadarin da ke tattare da wannan matsala tare da tunkararta da matakin gangan.
BARAZANA GA ILIMIN FARAHA
Ƙoƙarin da ya fi ƙarfin waje don amfani da tsarin makaranta don koyar da akida tare da mummunan tasiri na dogon lokaci ga al'umma ya fito ne daga kafa soja. A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, tare da ɗan ƙaramin ɗaukar hoto ko kuka na jama'a, shigar Pentagon cikin makarantu da rayuwar ɗalibai ya ƙaru sosai. Yanzu, misali:
- Kowace ranar makaranta, aƙalla ɗaliban makarantar sakandare rabin miliyan suna halartar azuzuwan Junior ROTC don karɓar koyarwa daga jami'an da suka yi ritaya waɗanda Pentagon ta zaɓe su don koyar da nata tarihin da al'ada. An ba wa waɗannan ɗaliban “mukamai” kuma an ba su sharadi don gaskata cewa ƙimar soja da na farar hula iri ɗaya ne, tare da ma'anar cewa biyayyar hukuma ba tare da tambaya ba alama ce ta kyakkyawar zama ɗan ƙasa.
- Ana kafa makarantun soji a wasu makarantun gwamnati (Chicago yanzu tana da takwas), inda ake ba wa dukkan ɗaliban al'adu da kimar sojoji yawa.
- Cibiyar sadarwa na shirye-shirye masu alaka da soja na yaduwa a daruruwan makarantun firamare da na tsakiya. Misalai su ne Shirye-shiryen Matasa na Marines da Starbase, da shirye-shiryen soja waɗanda ke zamewa cikin makarantu ƙarƙashin alkyabbar ilimin Kimiyya / Fasaha / Injiniya / Math (STEM).
- An horar da masu daukar aikin soja don biyan "mallakar makaranta" a matsayin manufarsu (duba: "Littafin Jagoran Shirin Daukar Ma'aikata Makaranta Soja"). Kasancewarsu akai-akai a cikin azuzuwa, wuraren cin abinci da kuma a manyan taro yana da tasirin faɗaɗa darajar soja, soja da kuma, a ƙarshe, yaƙi.
- Tun daga 2001, dokar tarayya ta yi watsi da yancin kai na makarantar farar hula da keɓantawar dangi idan aka zo batun sakin bayanan tuntuɓar ɗalibi ga sojoji. Bugu da ƙari, kowace shekara dubban makarantu suna ba wa sojoji damar gudanar da jarrabawar shiga - ASVAB - zuwa 10th-12th graders, kyale masu daukar ma'aikata su ketare dokokin kare haƙƙin iyaye da keɓancewar yara da samun damar yin amfani da bayanan sirri kan dubban ɗaruruwan ɗalibai.
BARAZANA GA ILIMIN JAMA'A
Ƙoƙarin ƙungiyoyin da ba su da tsarin makaranta don cusa ra'ayin mazan jiya da ƙima na kamfanoni cikin tsarin ilmantarwa ya kasance yana gudana tsawon shekaru masu yawa. A cikin misalin kwanan nan na sa baki na ilimi na hannun dama, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa kungiyoyin masu shayi, ta yin amfani da tsare-tsare na darasi da litattafai masu canza launi, suna ingiza makarantu don "koyar da fassarar ra'ayin mazan jiya na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, inda gwamnatin tarayya kasa ce mai ratsa jiki da rashin maraba a cikin rayuwar Amurkawa masu son 'yanci." (Duba:http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/17/us/constitution-has-its-day-amid-a-struggle-for-its-spirit.html )
Kamfanoni sun yi hasashen tasirin su a makarantu masu na'urori kamar Channel One, shirin talabijin na rufaffiyar da ke watsa shirye-shiryen tallace-tallace yau da kullun ga ɗaliban ɗaliban da aka kama a makarantu 8,000. Wasu kamfanoni sun yi nasarar shawo kan makarantu don sanya hannu kan kwangiloli na musamman na pizza, abubuwan sha da sauran kayayyaki, tare da manufar koyar da aminci ga yara da wuri. Rahoton Cibiyar Manufofin Ilimi ta Ƙasa da aka bayar a watan Nuwamba 2011 ya rubuta hanyoyin daban-daban waɗanda haɗin gwiwar kasuwanci/makarantu ke cutar da yara a fannin ilimi ta hanyar sanya ɗalibin tunani "zuwa hanyar abokantaka" da kuma hana su ikon yin tunani mai zurfi. (Duba: http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/schoolhouse-commercialism-2011 )
Haɓaka wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa tare da ajandar kamfanoni masu tsattsauran ra'ayi don wargaza tsarin ilimin jama'a na Amurka. Jihohi a duk fadin kasar na rage kashe kudade a fannin ilimi, da fitar da ayyukan yi na malaman jami'a, da dakile yancin yin ciniki tare, da kuma mayar da kungiyoyin malamai saniyar ware. Akwai yaɗuwar makarantun shata da "cyber" waɗanda ke haɓaka haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da kuma turawa zuwa makarantu masu riba inda ramuwar da aka biya ga kamfanonin gudanarwa masu zaman kansu suna da alaƙa kai tsaye ga aikin ɗalibi akan daidaitattun ƙima. Tasirin tarawa shine ƙirƙirar cibiyoyi waɗanda ke haɓaka akidar sassauƙan da ke haɗa cin kasuwa tare da yin biyayya. (Duba: http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/12/michigan-privatize-public-education )
Haɓaka ilimi ta hanyar makarantun boko da bunƙasa sashin gudanarwa a jami'o'i wani lamari ne mai damun ilimin jama'a. Littafin Diane Ravitch Mulkin Kuskure ( http://www.npr.org/2013/09/27/225748846/diane-ravitch-rebukes-education-activists-reign-of-error ) da sabon littafin Henry A. Giroux, Yakin Neoliberalism akan Ilimi Mai Girma, ( http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/22548-henry-giroux-beyond-neoliberal-miseducation ) ba da nuni ga shakku kan rawar da kamfanoni ke takawa a cikin ilimin jama'a.
Me yasa hakan ke faruwa? Giroux ya lura cewa "Chris Hedges, tsohon New York Times wakilin, ya bayyana a kan Democracy Now! a cikin 2012 kuma ya gaya wa mai masaukin baki Amy Goodman cewa gwamnatin tarayya tana kashe kusan dala biliyan 600 a shekara kan ilimi - "kuma kamfanoni suna son hakan."
Haka kuma akwai wasu ƙungiyoyi da ke tallafawa ƙoƙarin gabatar da darussan tarihi da na al'umma daga hangen nesa na ci gaba, kamar aikin Ilimi na Howard Zinn (https://zinnedproject.org ) da Makarantun Sake Tunani ( http://www.rethinkingschools.org ). Kuma ƙaramin motsi yana aiki akan Channel One da kuma tallata yanayin makaranta (misali, http://www.commercialalert.org/issues/education da kuma ( http://www.obligation.org ).
DAINA WADANNAN BARAZANA
Akwai dalilin da za a yi bege game da sake juyawa wannan yanayin idan muka duba, alal misali, a wasu nasarorin da aka samu a kokarin da ake yi na magance soja a makarantu. A cikin 2009, haɗin gwiwar ɗaliban makarantar sakandare, iyaye da malamai a cikin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, birnin San Diego da sojoji ke mamayewa sun yi nasarar samun zaɓaɓɓun hukumar makarantar su ta rufe jeri na harbe-harbe na JROTC a manyan makarantu goma sha ɗaya. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, wannan kawancen ya sa hukumar makarantar ta zartar da wata manufa ta takaita daukar sojoji a dukkan makarantunta. Ko da yake irin waɗannan yunƙurin ba su da yawa a adadi, an samu irin wannan nasarori a wasu gundumomin makarantu da kuma a matakin jiha a Hawaii da Maryland.
Akwai kuma wasu ƙungiyoyin da ke tallafawa ƙoƙarin gabatar da darussan tarihi da na al'umma daga a hangen nesa na ci gaba, kamar Shirin Ilimi na Zinn (www.zinnedproject.org) da Makarantun Sake Tunani (www.rethinkingschools.org). Kuma ƙaramin motsi yana aiki akan Channel One da kuma tallata yanayin makaranta (misali, http://www.commercialalert.org/issues/education/ da kuma http://www.obligation.org/ ).
Kamar yadda waɗannan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce suke da fa'ida da tasiri, ba su da kyau idan aka kwatanta da babban sikelin abin da ƙungiyoyin da ke ɗayan ɓangaren siyasa ke aiwatarwa a cikin yanayin ilimi don kiyaye tasirin ra'ayin mazan jiya, soja da ikon kamfanoni.
Lokaci ya yi da ƙungiyoyin ci gaba, gidauniyoyi da kafofin watsa labaru za su fuskanci wannan kuma su shiga cikin tsarin ilimi daidai. Yana da mahimmanci musamman cewa ƙungiyoyi da yawa su haɗa kai don adawa da kutsawar Pentagon a makarantu da jami'o'in K-12. Maido da mahimmancin tunani mai mahimmanci da dabi'un dimokuradiyya a cikin al'adunmu ba za a iya yin su ba tare da dakatar da aikin soja da kuma daukar nauyin ilimin jama'a ba.
Michael Albert
Z Shafin
Pat Alviso
Southern California
Iyalan Sojoji Suna Magana (MFSO)
Marc Becker
Shugaban kwamitin,
Masu tarihi a kan yakin
Bill Bigelow
Editan Karatu,
Kwalejin Rethinking
Peter Bohmer
Faculty in Political Economic,
Evergreen State College
Bill Branson
VVAW National Office
Noam Chomsky
Farfesa, mai ritaya, MIT
Michelle Cohen asalin
Project Great Futures,
Los Angeles, CA
Tom Cordaro
Pax Christi Jakadan Amurka
na Peace, Naperville, IL
Pat Pat
Gamayyar kasa zuwa
Kare Sirrin ɗalibi
Margaret Flowers
Daraktan gudanarwa,
Wannan tattalin arzikinmu ne
Libby Frank
Arewa maso yamma Suburban Aminci
& Aikin Ilimi,
Arlington Hts., IL
Hannah Frisch
Sojan farar hula
Alliance
Kathy Gilberd
Kungiyar Lauyoyin Kasa
Rundunar Soja ta Task Force
Henry Armand Giroux
Farfesa, McMaster
Jami'ar
Frank Goetz
Darakta, West Surburban
Hadin gwiwar Aminci bisa Bangaskiya,
Whaton, Il
Tom Hayden
Mai fafutuka, Marubuci,
Malam
Arlene Inouye
Treasurer, United Teachers
ta Los Angeles
Tsohon Sojoji a Iraki
War (IVAW)
Ofishin Kasa,
New York City
Rick Jahnkow
Project a kan Matasa da
Dama ba Soja ba,
Encinitas, CA
Jerry Lembcke
Farfesa Emeritus,
Kwalejin Holy Cross
Jorge Mariscal ne
Farfesa, Univ. na
California San Diego
Patrick McCann
Shugaban VFP na kasa,
Yankin Montgomery (MD)
Ƙungiyar Ilimi
Board Member
Stephen McNeil
Abokan Amurkan
Kwamitin Sabis
San Francisco
Carlos Muà ± oz
Farfesa Emeritus
Kabilar UC Berkeley
Nazarin Dept.
Michael Nagler
Shugaban, Cibiyar Metta
don Rashin tashin hankali
Jim O'Brien asalin
Mataimakin shugaban kasa, masana tarihi
Akan Yaki
Isidro Ortiz
Farfesa, San Diego
Jami'ar Jihar
Yesu Palafox
Sabis na Abokai na Amurka
Kwamitin, Chicago
Pablo Paredes
Farashin AFSC67
Michael Parenti, Ph.D.
Marubuci & malami
Bill Scheurer
Darekta zartarwa
Zaman Lafiya A Duniya,
Dakatar da daukar yara
Gangamin
Cindy Sheehan
Zaman Lafiya Da Zamantakewa
Mai fafutukar Adalci
Joanne Sheehan
Yankin New England
Ma'aikatan War ta War
Mary Shesgreen
Shugaban, Fox Valley Citizens
Domin Aminci & Adalci,
Elgin, IL
Sam Smith
Zumunci na
sulhu,
Chicago
Kristin Stoneking
Darekta zartarwa
Zumunci na
Sulhun Amurka
David Swanson
World Beyond War
Chris Venn
San Pedro Neighbors don
Aminci & Adalci,
San Pedro, CA
Tsohon soji don Aminci
Ofishin Kasa,
St. Louis, MO
Tsohon soji don Aminci
Birnin Chicago
Vietnam Veterans
Akan Yaki
Ofishin Kasa,
Champaign, IL
Amy Wagner
YA-YA Network
(Masu fafutukar Matasa-Matasa
Allies), New York City
Harvey Wasserman
fafutukar
Yankin Yammacin Turai
Bangaskiya
Hadin gwiwar zaman lafiya
Wheaton, IL
Colonel Ann Wright,
Sojojin Amurka mai ritaya/
Rijistar Sojoji
Mickey Z.
Mawallafin Mamaya
Wannan Littafi: Mickey Z.
kan Activism
Kevin Zeese
Daraktan gudanarwa,
Wannan tattalin arzikinmu ne
