Na Terry Crawford-Browne, Satumba 4, 2019
daga IOL
Sashe na 24 na Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu ya ba da sanarwar: "Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya zauna a cikin yankin da ba shi da lahani ga lafiyar ko lafiyar su."
Haƙiƙa, abin takaici, shine samar da dokar haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙawa ba za'a tilasta shi ba.
Afirka ta Kudu ta shiga sahun gaba a cikin kasashen duniya da suka fi fama da matsalar gurbatar yanayi. Gwamnatin wariyar launin fata kawai ba ta damu ba, kuma masu cin hanci da rashawa da cin amana sun ci amanar begen bayan wariyar launin fata.
Jiya, Satumba 3, shine bikin tunawa da farkon fashewar a masana'antar Rheinmetall Denel Munition (RDM) a cikin yankin Macassar na Somerset West. Ma'aikata takwas ne suka mutu sannan ginin ya rushe a cikin fashewar. Shekara guda bayan haka, har yanzu ba a fitar da rahoto ga binciken ba ga jama'a ko ga iyalan wadanda suka mutu.
Bincike a Amurka da sauran wurare sun tabbatar da cewa al'ummomin da ke zaune kusa da wuraren aikin soja da kayan yaƙi suna fama da cutar kansa ta cutar kansa da sauran cututtuka sakamakon haɗuwa da kayan guba.
Tasirin gurɓataccen soja a kan lafiya da muhallin ba koyaushe ake bayyane ba, kai tsaye ko kai tsaye, kuma galibi suna gabatar da kansu shekaru da yawa bayan haka.
Fiye da shekaru 20 bayan gobarar AE&CI, waɗanda abin ya shafa a cikin Macassar suna fama da matsalolin lafiya mai tsanani kuma, ƙari, ba a taimaka musu da kuɗi ba. Kodayake manoman da suka wahala lalacewar amfanin gona an biya su da karimci, mazaunan Macassar - da yawa daga cikinsu ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba - yaudara ce ta sa hannu kan haƙƙinsu.
Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a cikin yanke shawara a cikin 1977, ya yanke hukuncin cewa cin zarafin bil adama a Afirka ta Kudu ya zama barazana ga zaman lafiya da tsaro na kasa da kasa da kuma sanya takunkumi na takunkumi. An yaba da shawarar a lokacin a matsayin mafi girman ci gaba a diflomasiyya ta karni na 20.
A kokarin ta na dakile wannan takunkumi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta zuba dimbin makudan kudade a cikin makamai, wadanda suka hada da kantin Sommen na Archem a Macassar Wannan ƙasa tana mallakar RDM yanzu kuma, ana zarginsa, yana da haɗari sosai kuma yana da lahani cikin haɗari.
Rheinmetall, babban kamfanin kera makamai na Jamus, ya fito fili yayi fatali da takunkumin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ta fitar da cikakken masana'antar kera makamai zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 1979 don kera bawo 155mm da aka yi amfani da su a bindigogin G5. Wadancan G5 howitzers an yi niyyar isar da duk makaman kare dangi na makaman nukiliya da wakilan sunadarai da yaƙin nazarin halittu (CBW).
Tare da karfafa gwiwa daga gwamnatin Amurka, an fitar da makaman daga Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Iraki don amfani dasu a yakin Iraki na shekaru takwas da Iran.
Duk da tarihinta, an ba da izinin Rheinmetall a cikin 2008 don ɗaukar ikon rarraba 51% a RDM, sauran 49% suna riƙe da Denel mallakar jihar.
Rheinmetall da gangan gano kayan aikinta a cikin ƙasashe kamar Afirka ta Kudu don ƙetare ka'idodin fitarwa na Jamus.
Denel kuma ya sami wata shuka ta kayan fashewa a Cape Town a Swartklip, tsakanin Tsarin Mitchell da Khayelitsha. Shaida a majalisar dokoki a cikin 2002 ta zawarawa da tsoffin ma'aikata a gaban kwamiti game da batun tsaro sun biyo bayan zanga-zangar al'umma yayin da gas mai sa hawaye ya ɓata mazaunan yankin.
Ma'aikatan shagon Denel sun sanar da ni a lokacin sannan: “Ma'aikatan Swartklip ba su daɗe ba. Da yawa sun rasa hannayensu, kafafunsu, ganinsu, jinsu, hankalinsu, da yawa sun kamu da cututtukan zuciya, arthritis da cancer. Kuma halin da ake ciki a Somchem ma ya fi muni. ”
Swartklip ya kasance wurin gwaji don shirin CBW na Afirka ta Kudu a zamanin mulkin wariyar launin fata. Bugu da ƙari ga gas mai sa hawaye da pyrotechnics, Swartklip ya samar da kayan haɗin gwal mai ɗaukar nauyi na 155mm, harsasai harsasai, 40mm babban zagaye zagaye da ƙananan zagaye na 40mm. A nata bangaren, Somchem ta samar da abubuwan talla daga abubuwan ta. Saboda Denel ba zai iya haɗuwa har ma da halayen lax na muhalli da aminci na Afirka ta kudu a Swartklip ba, an rufe shuka a cikin 2007. Daga nan Denel ya tura kayan aikinsa da ayyukanta zuwa tsohuwar shuka ta Somchem da ke Macassar.
Tun bayan karɓar Rheinmetall a 2008, an sanya fifiko a kan fitarwa zuwa ƙasashe kamar Saudi Arabia da UAE, kuma 85% na samarwa yanzu an fitar dashi.
An yi zargin cewa Saudis da Emiratis sun yi amfani da makaman RDM don aikata laifukan yaki a Yemen kuma, yayin amincewa da irin wannan fitowar, Afirka ta Kudu tana da wahala a cikin wadannan kisan-kiyashi.
Wadannan damuwar sun tattaro hanzari, musamman a kasar Jamus, tun bayan kisan dan jaridar Saudiyya Jamal Khashoggi a cikin watan Oktoban bara.
An ba ni wani wakili wanda ya ba ni damar halarta da yin jawabi a babban taron shekara-shekara na Rheinmetall a Berlin a watan Mayu.
Dangane da daya daga cikin tambayoyina, babban jami'in Armin Papperger ya fada cewa taron cewa Rheinmetall yayi niyyar sake gina gidan a RDM, amma nan gaba za a iya sarrafa kansa cikakke. Dangane da haka, har ma uzurin neman aiki ba shi da amfani.
Papperger ya kasa, duk da haka, ya amsa tambayata game da gurɓatar muhalli, gami da farashin tsabtacewa wanda zai iya shiga cikin biliyoyin ran.
Shin muna jiran maimaita wutar AE&CI a cikin Macassar, ko kuma masifar Bhopal ta 1984 a Indiya, kafin mu farka game da aminci da haɗarin muhalli na gano masana'antun bindigogi a wuraren zama?
Terry Crawford-Browne dan gwagwarmaya ne na zaman lafiya, kuma mai kula da kasar Afirka ta Kudu World Beyond War.
