Powerarin Toarfi Ga Masu Turawa A Juyin Rana

By Maya Evans, Agusta 26, 2020

daga Lissafin Sussex

Lararfin hasken rana ya kawo fa'idodi da yawa - kodayake wataƙila ba ambaliyar ta yanzu mai tsada mai tsada mai tsadar gaske a gabarmu. A yau, aikin samar da opium na Afghanistan ya ga kaifi tashi tare da isowar hasken rana da kuma damar dibar ruwa daga zurfin 100m. Samun damar ban ruwa saharar hamada ya mayar da bel bel zuwa ɗayan yankuna masu fa'ida na amfanin gona a duniya.

A cikin Hastings, ana iya ganin tasirin amfani da jaruntaka a cikin adadi mai kama da waif, sau da yawa cikin sauri, fuskokinsu na gurnani, sun tsufa kafin lokacinsu. A cikin sauran Sussex da Ingila gabaɗaya, yawan masu amfani - da BBC ta kiyasta a shekarar 2011 a 300,000  - ana tsammanin zai yi sama yayin da cizon da tattalin arzikin Covid ya haifar.

Ga Afghanistan, shekaru arba'in na yaki da talauci sun ingiza mutane zuwa ga gaci, yayin da a Biritaniya shekaru goma na tsaka-mai-wuya tare da annoba ya haifar da abincin Petri don shan maganin opium. Satumba na karshe ‘Yan sandan Burtaniya sun kame tan 1.3 na tabar heroin da kimanin kudi worth 120m, yayin da wadanda ke aiki tare da kungiyoyin tallafi ke cewa shan tabar heroin na ci gaba da karuwa. Lafiya ta Jama'a Ingila ya bayyana garuruwan da ke bakin teku a matsayin wadanda suka fi fama da cutar ta heroin; Hastings yanzu yana fuskantar mutuwar 6.5 a cikin 100,000 saboda amfani da wannan magani (ƙimar ƙasa shine mutuwar 1.9) kuma a cikin 2016 Ingila da Wales sun sami mutuwar 2,593 daga amfani da ƙwayoyi.

Ajiye yanayin lalacewar opium, sabon salo na noma wani abu ne na sauyawar makamashi. A cikin 2012, Manoman opium na Afghanistan suna aiki da fili mai girman hekta 157,000, kafin shekarar 2018 ta kasance ya ninka zuwa 317,000 kuma zuwa shekarar 2019 ya fadada zuwa hekta 344,000.

A cikin ƙasar wacce tuni yana bayar da 90% na opium na duniya, wannan ya haifar da samarwa fiye da ninki biyu daga tan 3,700 a 2012 zuwa tan 9,000 a cikin 2017. Ta hanyar hotunan tauraron ɗan adam yana yiwuwa a kirga 67,000 hasken rana a lardin Helmand kadai.

Ga kasar da ba ta da tsarin wutar lantarki ta kasa, da wahalar dizal da za a iya safararwa kan lalatattun hanyoyi da hanyoyin da ba su da hadari wanda galibi ake hada su da bama-bamai (IEDs), sauyawa zuwa makamashi mai sabunta hasken rana abu ne na dabi'a kuma mai saurin gaske.

Yanzu ya zama gama gari don ganin tsararru masu amfani da hasken rana a sansanonin yan gudun hijirar kuma gidaje da yawa suna da aƙalla tsararru ɗaya don tafasasshen ruwa ko dafa shinkafa da kayan lambu. Yarungiyoyin 'yankuna' suna raba kwamiti mai amfani da hasken rana don samar da ruwan zafi don wanka.

Duk da yake a cikin ayyukan Hastings don sake samarda gidajen yan kadan ne kuma nesa ba kusa ba kuma tallafin da gwamnati ke bayarwa kawai yana tasiri kan wasu gidaje kalilan, a Afghanistan, mai ban mamaki, alamomin yanzu suna nuna cewa karfin gwiwar kasar na amfani da hasken rana na iya ganinsu sun wuce kasashe kamar Burtaniya a kokarin neman sauyawa daga burbushin mai.

Ga manoman da ke zaune a daya daga cikin kasashe mafiya talauci a duniya, biyan kudi na gaba $ 5,000 shine duk abin da za a yi don kafawa a matsayin mai hada-hadar opium tare da tarin bangarorin hasken rana, da kuma famfo na lantarki wanda, da zarar an girka shi, ba shi da wata gudummawa halin kaka.

Abin ban mamaki, mummunan mulkin Taliban yana da ɗaya - watakila kawai - ikon fansa: mafi nasara a duniya yaki da shan miyagun kwayoyi, wanda a shekara ta 2000 ya gudanar da raguwar kashi 99% a yankin noman opium poppy a yankunan da ke karkashin ikon Taliban, yadda ya kamata kashi uku cikin huɗu na wadatar tabar ta duniya a lokacin.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan da Amurka da NATO suka mamaye Afghanistan a cikin 2001, an sanya Burtaniya a matsayin jagorar ƙasa don magance matsalolin ƙasar da ke fama da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Koyaya, da wadannan shekaru goma ganin labaran labarai na dakaru da ke aiki tare da opium na gida wadanda ke samar da jagororin yaki, wasu daga cikinsu manyan 'yan siyasa ne, zuwa kare amfanin gona, har ma da sanya harajin fitar da riba mai kayatarwa zuwa kasuwannin waje.

Yanzu, bayan shekaru arba'in na yaƙi, talauci da cin hanci da rashawa, tasirin samar da opium akan talakawan Afghanistan yana da lahani. A Red Bridge, Kabul, ana iya ganin rukunin maza suna tsugune a cikin zurfin wani kogi mai daɗi wanda yara suka yi iyo a ciki kuma mutane suna kifi don abincin dare. Wannan tushen rayuwa yanzu ya bushe da kashi, kuma daga cikin tarin datti wani kogin opium yana bunƙasa. Miliyan uku, ko kashi 10 cikin XNUMX na yawan mutanen Afghanistan, yanzu masu amfani da jaruntaka ne kuma ƙaramin laifi ya faɗi cikin shekaru goman da suka gabata yayin da addican maye suka ci gaba da ɗabi'unsu.

Fifikowa da samar da kudi mai jujjuya akan samar da abinci mai mahimmanci ya bar wata kasa mai dogaro da kanta gaba daya ga wasu kasashe don abubuwan masarufi. Ruwa kuma wani abu ne na kayan alatu, tare da kashi 27 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar suna da damar samun tsaftataccen ruwa. Yin rijiyoyin rijiyoyi sau uku bisa mizanin zurfin, don ban ruwa filayen opium poppy, babu shakka zai haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Shekaru biyu bayan 'yaƙi da ta'addanci', aka fara yaƙi. Yaƙi ne wanda ya ɓace cikin Burtaniya ta hanyar hare-haren ta'addanci da kuma 'yan gudun hijirar neman mafaka. Yawancin masu lura sun yi hasashen wadannan sakamakon, kodayake saurin samar da opium, godiya ga a sabunta makamashi juyi-juyi, mai yuwuwa juyi ne ba wanda ya hango shi.