Rahoton Maryland ya Batar da Jama'a Kan Gurɓatarwar PFAS A Cikin Oysters

Daga Leila Marcovici da Pat Dattijo, Nuwamba 16, 2020

daga Magungunan Soja

A watan Satumba na 2020, Sashen Kula da Muhalli na Maryland (MDE) ya fitar da rahoto mai taken “St. Nazarin Jirgin Jirgin Sama na Kogin Maryamu na PFAS Faruwa a Ruwan Sama da Kawa. " (Nazarin Pilot PFAS) wanda yayi nazarin matakan kowane-da poly fluoroalkyl abubuwa (PFAS) a cikin ruwan teku da oysters. Musamman, binciken Pilot na PFAS ya kammala cewa duk da cewa PFAS yana cikin ruwa mai tsafta na kogin St. Mary, amma abubuwan da ke tattare da su sun “kasance ƙasa da haɗari bisa ka'idar binciken nishaɗi da ka'idojin amfani da kawa na musamman."

Yayinda rahoton ya gabatar da wadannan maganganu, hanyoyin nazari da tushe don ka'idojin binciken da MDE tayi amfani da su abin tambaya ne, wanda ke haifar da batar da jama'a, da kuma samar da hanyar yaudara da kuma aminci.

PFAS dangi ne na ƙwayoyi masu guba da ɗorewa waɗanda ke cikin samfuran masana'antu. Suna da damuwa saboda dalilai da yawa. Waɗannan da ake kira “sinadarai na har abada” suna da guba, ba sa lalacewa a cikin mahalli, kuma suna tarawa a cikin sarkar abinci. Ofayan ɗayan sama da 6,000 PFAS sunadarai shine PFOA, wanda ada ake yin DuPont's Teflon, da PFOS, a da a cikin 3M's Scotchgard da kumfa mai kashe gobara. An cire PFOA a cikin Amurka, kodayake suna ci gaba da yaduwa a cikin ruwan sha. An danganta su da cutar kansa, lahani na haihuwa, cututtukan thyroid, raunana rigakafin yara da sauran matsalolin lafiya. PFAS ana nazarin su daban-daban a cikin sassan da tiriliyan maimakon a cikin sassan da biliyan, kamar sauran gubobi, wanda zai iya sa gano waɗannan mahaɗan yaudara.
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Arshen MDE ya wuce-binciken da ya dace bisa ainihin bayanan da aka tattara kuma ya faɗi ƙasa da ƙimar kimiyya da ƙimar masana'antu ta fuskoki da dama.

Samfurin kawa

Studyaya daga cikin binciken da aka yi kuma aka ba da rahoto a cikin PFAS Pilot Nazarin da aka gwada kuma aka ba da rahoto game da kasancewar PFAS a cikin ƙwayar kawa. Binciken ya gudana ne ta dakin bincike na Alpha na Mansfield, Massachusetts.
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Gwajin da aka gudanar ta dakin gwaje-gwajen Alpha Analytical yana da iyakan ganowa na kawa a microgram daya a kowace kilogram (1 µg / kg) wanda yayi daidai da kashi 1 cikin biliyan daya, ko kuma kashi 1,000 a cikin tiriliyan. (ppt.) Sakamakon haka, yayin da aka gano kowane mahaɗan PFAS daban-daban, hanyar nazarin da aka yi amfani da ita ta kasa gano kowane PFAS da ke halarta a ƙarancin ƙasa da sassan 1,000 a cikin tiriliyan. Kasancewar PFAS ƙari ne; saboda haka an ƙara adadin kowane mahaɗan yadda ya dace don isa jimlar PFAS da ke cikin samfurin.

Hanyoyin bincike don gano sinadaran PFAS suna ci gaba cikin sauri. Workingungiyar Aikin Muhalli (EWG) ta ɗauki samfurin ruwan famfo daga wurare 44 a cikin jihohi 31 a bara kuma ta ba da rahoton sakamako cikin kashi goma cikin tiriliyan. Misali, ruwan a cikin New Brunswick, NC ya ƙunshi 185.9 ppt na PFAS.

Ma'aikatan Jama'a don Kula da Muhalli, (PEER) (ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da aka nuna a ƙasa) sun yi amfani da hanyoyin bincike don gano jigilar PFAS a cikin ƙananan abubuwa kamar ƙananan 200 - 600 ppt, kuma Eurofins sun ƙaddamar da hanyoyin nazari waɗanda ke da iyakar ganowa na 0.18 ng / g PFAS (180 ppt) a cikin kaguwa da kifi da 0.20 ng / g PFAS (200 ppt) a cikin kawa. (Eurofins Lancaster dakunan gwaje-gwaje Env, LLC, Rahoton Nazari, don KASHI, Aikin Abokin Ciniki / Site: St Mary's 10/29/2020)
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Dangane da haka, mutum yayi mamakin dalilin da yasa MDE ta ɗauki Alpha Analytical don gudanar da binciken PFAS idan iyakokin gano hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su sunyi yawa.
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Saboda iyakokin ganowa na gwaje-gwajen da Alpha Analytical yayi sunyi yawa, sakamakon kowane mutum PFAS a cikin samfuran kawa shine "Ba-Gano" (ND). Akalla an gwada 14 PFAS a cikin kowane samfurin ƙwayoyin kawa, kuma sakamakon kowannensu an ruwaito shi azaman ND. An gwada wasu samfuran don 36 daban-daban PFAS, dukansu sun ba da rahoton ND. Koyaya, ND baya nufin cewa babu PFAS da / ko kuma cewa babu haɗarin lafiya. Bayanan MDE sunyi rahoton cewa jimlar 14 ko 36 ND shine 0.00. Wannan gurbatacciyar gaskiya ce. Saboda ƙididdigar PFAS suna da ƙari kamar yadda suke da alaƙa da lafiyar jama'a, a bayyane sannan ƙari na abubuwan 14 da ke ƙasa da iyakar ganowa zai iya daidaita adadin sama da matakin aminci. Dangane da haka, bayanin bargo cewa babu haɗari ga lafiyar jama'a dangane da ganowar "ba a ganowa" lokacin da kasancewar PFAS a cikin ruwa ba a san tabbas ba, ba cikakke ba ne ko alhakin.

A watan Satumba, Eurofins na 2020 - wanda Maryungiyar Maryungiyar Ruwa ta Kogin St. Mary ta ba da izini kuma ta tallafawa ta hanyar kuɗi GABA- gwada kawa daga Kogin St. Mary da St. Inigoes Creek. An gano kawa a cikin Kogin St. Mary, musamman da aka karɓa daga Church Point, da kuma a St. Inigoes Creek, musamman daga Kelley, sun ƙunshi fiye da sassa 1,000 a cikin tiriliyan (ppt). An gano sinadarin Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) da Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) a cikin kawan Kelley, yayin da aka gano 6: 2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6: 2 FTSA) a cikin majami’ar Church Point. Saboda ƙananan matakan PFAS, ainihin adadin kowane PFAS yana da wahalar lissafi amma yawancin kowanne ana lissafin shi kamar haka:

Abin sha'awa, MDE bai gwada gwajin samfuran kawa don saitin PFAS iri ɗaya ba. MDE ta gwada kayan kawa da giya daga samfurin 10. Tebur 7 da 8 na Nazarin Pilot na PFAS ya nuna cewa 6 daga cikin samfuran sun kasance ba binciko don PFBA, PRPeA, ko 6: 2 FTSA (guda ɗaya kamar 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H- Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (6: 2FTS)), yayin da aka gwada huɗu daga samfuran don waɗannan mahaɗan mahaɗan uku da suka dawo da sakamakon "Ba Gano . ” Binciken Pilot na PFAS ba shi da wani bayani game da dalilin da ya sa aka gwada wasu samfurin kawa don waɗannan PFAS yayin da sauran samfuran ba su ba. Rahoton MDE ya nuna cewa an gano PFAS a ƙananan ƙananan a cikin yankin nazarin kuma an ba da rahoton ƙididdiga a ko kusa da iyakar gano hanyar. A bayyane yake, iyakokin gano hanyoyin da binciken na Alpha Analytical yayi amfani da su sun yi yawa ganin cewa an samu sinadarin Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) tsakanin kashi 200 zuwa 600 na tiriliyan a cikin kawa a cikin binciken na PEER, alhali kuwa ba a gano shi ba a binciken na Alpha Analytical. .

Gwajin Surface Ruwa

Nazarin Pilot na PFAS kuma ya ba da rahoto game da sakamakon gwajin saman ruwa don PFAS. Bugu da kari, wani dan kasa mai damuwa kuma marubucin wannan labarin, Pat Elder daga St. Inigoes Creek, ya yi aiki tare da Jami'ar Biological Station don gudanar da gwajin ruwa a cikin ruwa ɗaya a cikin Fabrairu, 2020. Shafin da ke gaba yana nuna matakan 14 PFAS masu nazari a cikin samfurin ruwa kamar yadda UM da MDE suka ruwaito.

Bakin St. Inigoes Creek Kennedy Bar - Arewa Shore

ND - Babu Ganowa
<2 - limitasan iyakar ganowa

Nazarin UM ya sami jimlar 1,894.3 ppt a cikin ruwa, yayin da samfurin MDE suka kai 4.33 ppt, kodayake kamar yadda aka nuna a sama yawancin masu binciken MDE sun samo su ND. Mafi mahimmanci, sakamakon UM ya nuna 1,544.4 ppt na PFOS yayin gwajin MDE ya ba da rahoton "Babu Gano." Goma sunadarai PFAS guda goma waɗanda UM suka gano sun dawo kamar "Babu Gano" ko MDE bai bincika su ba. Wannan kwatancen yana kai mutum ga bayyananniyar tambaya ta “me yasa;” me yasa wani dakin gwaje-gwaje ya kasa gano PFAS a cikin ruwa yayin da wani zai iya yin hakan? Wannan shine ɗaya daga cikin tambayoyin da yawa waɗanda sakamakon MDE ya gabatar. Nazarin Pilot na PFAS yayi iƙirarin cewa sun haɓaka "ruwa mai haɗari da ka'idojin gwajin nama na kawa" don nau'ikan PFAS - Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) da Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS ). MDarshen MDE ya dogara ne akan adadin mahadi biyu kawai - PFOA + PFOS.

Har ila yau, rahoton ba shi da wani bayani game da dalilin da ya sa kawai wadannan mahadi biyu aka zaba a cikin tsarin bincikensa, da kuma ma'anar kalmar “yanayin ruwa mai haɗari da ƙa'idodin gwajin nama. "

Don haka, an bar jama'a da wata tambaya mai ban mamaki: me yasa MDE ke iyakance ƙarshenta ga waɗannan mahaɗan biyu kawai yayin da aka gano da yawa, kuma da yawa ana iya gano su yayin amfani da hanyar da ke da ƙarancin iyakar ƙarancin ganowa?

Akwai rata a cikin hanyar da MDE ta yi amfani da ita wajen bayar da sakamakonta, da kuma rashin daidaito a ciki da rashin bayani game da dalilin da yasa aka gwada mahaɗan PFAS daban-daban tsakanin samfuran da duk cikin gwaje-gwajen. Rahoton bai bayyana dalilin da yasa wasu samfuran ba inda ba a binciko su don yawaitar mahadi fiye da sauran samfuran.

MDE ta kammala, “ƙididdigar haɗarin kamuwa da haɗarin ruwa cikin ƙasa ya kasance ƙasa da ƙasa MDE takamaiman takamaiman aikin nishaɗin ruwa mai amfani da sharuɗɗan binciken, ”Amma ba a bayar da cikakken bayanin abin da wannan ka'idojin binciken ya kunsa ba. Ba a bayyana wannan kuma saboda haka ba za a iya tantance shi ba. Idan hanya ce da ta dace ta hanyar kimiyya, to ya kamata a gabatar da hanya tare da yin bayani dangane da tushen kimiyya.Ba tare da isasshen gwaji ba, gami da ingantaccen bayani da kuma bayani, da kuma yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen da za su iya tantance abubuwan da ke tattare a matakan da ba a bukata don irin wannan bincike. abin da ake kira yanke hukunci yana ba da jagorar kaɗan wanda jama'a za su amince da shi.

Leila Kaplus Marcovici, Esq. lauya ne kuma mai aikin sa kai tare da Saliyo Club, New Jersey Chapter. Pat Elder mai rajin kare muhalli ne a garin St. Mary's, MD kuma masu ba da agaji ne tare da Sierraungiyar Toxics ta Nationalasa ta Saliyo