Posted by Emanuel Pastreich on Circles da Squares.
Wilhelm Foerster da Georg Friedrich Nicolai da Otto Buek da kuma Albert Einstein sun sanya hannu kan "Manifesto ga Yammacin Turai" a farkon yakin duniya na farko, inda suka kawo fitina tare da motsa jiki don maganin matsalolin soja da aka inganta a Jamus a lokacin. Suna amsawa da ake kira "Manifesto of Ninety-Three" da aka bai wa masu ilimi na Jamus da suka ba da goyon baya ga yakin Jamus. Wadannan mutane hu] u ne kawai suka daina shiga cikin takardun.
Abubuwan da ke ciki sun fi dacewa a zamaninmu.
Oktoba 1914
Manifesto ga Yammacin Turai
Duk da yake fasaha da zirga-zirga a fili suna tura mu zuwa ga fahimtar gaskiyar dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ta haka ne zuwa ga wayewar kan duniya, gaskiya ne cewa babu wani yaƙi da ya taɓa katse tsarin zamantakewar al'umma na haɗin kai kamar yadda wannan yaƙi yake yi. Wataƙila mun zo ga irin wannan sanannen sanannen ne kawai saboda yawancin alaƙa da ke tsakaninmu, wanda yanzu muke jin tsangwamarsa da zafi.
Ko da ma wannan yanayin bai kamata mu mamaye mu ba, wadanda wadanda zuciyarsu ta damu da al'amuran duniya, suna da matsayi na biyu don yaki don goyon bayan waɗannan ka'idodin. Wadanda kuma, wanda wanda ya kamata ya yi tsammanin irin wannan mummunan ra'ayi - wato, masanin kimiyya da kuma masu fasaha - sun kasance kusan kusan magance maganganun da zai nuna cewa sha'awarsu don tabbatar da wannan dangantaka ya ɓata lokaci daya tare da katsewar dangantakar. Sunyi magana tare da ruhaniya ruhaniya - amma sunyi magana mafi kyau na zaman lafiya.
Irin wannan yanayi ba zai iya damuwa da duk wani sha'awar kasa; ba daidai ba ne ga abin da duniya ta san ta yau da sunan al'adu. Ya kamata wannan yanayin ya sami wani ci gaba a tsakanin masu ilimi, wannan zai zama bala'i. Ba wai kawai bala'i ne ga wayewa ba, amma - mun tabbata cewa wannan - bala'i ne don kare lafiyar kowace jihohi - ainihin dalilin da ya sa, duk wannan rashin daidaituwa ya ɓace.
Ta hanyar fasaha duniya ta karami; jihohi na babban yankunan teku na Turai sun bayyana a yau kamar yadda suke kusa da juna kamar yadda birane na kowane ƙananan tsibirin Bahar Rum ya bayyana a zamanin d ¯ a. A cikin bukatun da kwarewa ga kowane mutum, bisa ga fahimtar da yake da shi game da dangantaka da yawa, Turai - wanda zai iya faɗi kusan duniya - ya riga ya nuna kansa a matsayin ɓangaren haɗin kai.
Hakan zai zama wajibi ne ga 'yan Yammacin ilmantarwa da ma'ana suyi ƙoƙari su hana Turai - saboda ƙungiyar ta kasa da kasa - daga shan wahala irin wannan mummunan yanayi kamar Girka a zamanin da. Ya kamata kasashen Turai su shafe kanta a hankali kuma ta haka zasu halaka daga yakin fratricidal?
Yunkurin gwagwarmaya a yau ba zai sami nasara ba; zai bar watakila kawai aka rinjaye. Saboda haka, ba wai kawai mai kyau ba ne, amma yana da muhimmanci sosai cewa mutane masu ilimi daga dukkan al'ummomi sunyi tasirin su kamar yadda - duk abin da ƙarshen yakin basasa ba zai yiwu ba - ka'idodin zaman lafiya ba zai zama tushen yakin ba. Gaskiyar ita ce, ta wannan yakin, dukkanin dangantakar Turai da suka shiga cikin tsarin da ba su da tushe ba ne ya kamata a yi amfani da ita wajen kirkiro dukkanin Turai. Hanyoyin fasahar fasaha da fasaha don wannan sune.
Ba za a yi la'akari da shi ba a cikin wannan hanyar da za a iya yi (sabon) umarni a Turai. Muna so kawai mu jaddada muhimmancin gaske cewa mun tabbata cewa lokaci ya zo inda Turai zata zama daya domin kare kasarta, mazaunanta, da al'adunta. A karshen wannan, ana ganin farko shine zama wajibi ne cewa duk waɗanda suke da matsayi a cikin zuciyarsu ga al'adun Turai da wayewa, a wasu kalmomi, waɗanda za a iya kira su a cikin kalmomin Goethe "masu kyau 'yan Turai," tare. Domin ba dole ba ne, bayan mun daina tsammanin cewa tashe-tashen hankulansu da na murya - har ma da ƙananan makamai - ba za su ji dadi ba, musamman, idan a cikin "masu kyau na Turai na gobe," mun sami dukan waɗanda suke jin daɗin jin dadi. iko a tsakanin 'yan uwansu masu ilmantarwa.
Amma ya kamata wajibi ne kasashen Turai su fara haɗuwa, kuma idan - kamar yadda muka yi fatan - har yanzu kasashen Turai a Turai za a iya samun su, wato, mutanen da Turai ba ta kasance ba ne kawai ba, amma, abin da yake ƙaunar zuciya, to, za mu yi kokarin kira tare da irin wannan ƙungiyar Turai. Don haka, irin wannan ƙungiyar za ta yi magana da yanke shawara.
Don haka ne kawai muke so muyi kira da roko; kuma idan kun ji kamar yadda muka yi, idan kuna da niyya don samar da Turai za ta kasance mafi dacewa, za mu roƙe ku ku aiko da sakonku (goyon baya) a gare mu.
