Musamman: Harkokin jini na musamman a kan Rasha ya haifar da labarun yaudara ko kuma mummunan labarun da suka zurfafa Sabuwar Maƙarƙashiyar, kamar yadda Gareth Porter ya lura game da labarin da aka yi a watan Yuni na barazana a cikin Amurka.
By Gareth Porter, 1 / 13 / 17 Consortium News
A tsakiyar babban rikicin cikin gida game da cajin Amurka cewa Rasha ta tsoma baki da zaben Amurka, Sashen Tsaro na gida (DHS) ya haifar da wani sassaucin ra'ayi na kafofin watsa labaru na kasa ta hanyar samar da yada labarai game da halayyar Rasha a cikin ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki ta Amurka.
DHS ta fara da labari na yau da kullum game da kwamfuta mai fashewa a Burlington, Vermont Electricity Department ta hanyar aikawa da manajan masu amfani da rikici da kuma tsoratattun bayanai, sa'an nan kuma ya ji labarin da suka san cewa ƙarya ne kuma ya ci gaba da fitar da wata hanya ta yaudara ga kafofin watsa labarai .
Ko da mafi muni, duk da haka, DHS ta rigaya ta kaddamar da irin wannan labarin game da halayyar rutuniyar Rasha ta Springfield, Illinois, a cikin watan Nuwamban Nuwamba 2011.
Labarin yadda DHS sau biyu ya yada labarun ƙarya na yunkurin Rasha na sabotage "abubuwan da ke da muhimmanci" na Amurka shine labari mai kyau na yadda manyan shugabanni suke yin amfani da duk wani ci gaban siyasa don bunkasa bukatunta, tare da ba da daraja ga gaskiya.
DHS ta gudanar da wani babban yakin jama'a don mayar da hankali kan wata barazanar Rasha da ta yiwa tasirin wutar lantarki na Amurka a farkon 2016. Wannan yakin ya yi amfani da zargin Amurka game da hare-haren ta'addanci na Rasha a kan kayan aikin wutar lantarkin Ukrainian a cikin watan Disamba na 2015 don inganta ɗayan manyan ayyuka na hukumar - kare kan hare-haren cyber-hare a kan albarkatun Amurka.
Da farko a cikin marigayi Maris 2016, DHS da FBI sun gudanar da jerin shirye-shiryen 12 wadanda ba a ba su bayanai ba don kamfanoni na wutar lantarki a cikin birane takwas da ake kira "Ukraine Cyber Attack: abubuwan da suka shafi masu amfani da Amurka." DHS ta bayyana a fili, "Wadannan abubuwan sun wakilci daya daga cikin na farko sanannun ilmin jiki na tasiri ga abubuwa masu mahimmanci wanda ya haifar da hare-haren cyber. "
Wannan sanarwa ya kaucewa yayata cewa lokuta na farko da irin wannan lalacewa na kayayyakin nahiyar daga hare-haren da ake yi na Cyber ba su da Amurka, amma gwamnatin Obama da Isra'ila sun mamaye Iran akan 2009 da 2012.
Da farko a watan Oktoba 2016, DHS ya fito ne daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan biyu mafi muhimmanci - tare da CIA-a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa akan zargin da Rasha ta dauka don karkatar da zaben na 2016 zuwa ga Donald Trump. Sa'an nan kuma a ranar Dec. 29, DHS da FBI sun ba da rahoton "Tattaunawar Tattaunawa" ga tashar wutar lantarki ta Amurka a fadin kasar tare da abin da ya ke iƙirarin cewa "alamu" na ƙoƙari na Rum na Rasha don shiga da kuma daidaita tsarin yanar gizon kwamfuta na Amurka, ciki har da cibiyoyin sadarwa da suka shafi shugaban kasa zaben, cewa ake kira "GRIZZLY STEPPE."
Rahotanni sun nuna wa masu amfani da cewa "kayayyakin aiki da kayayyakin" sun ce sunyi amfani da hukumomin leken asiri na Rasha don shawo kan zaɓen ya kasance barazanar kai tsaye ga su. Duk da haka, in ji Robert M. Lee, wanda ya kafa da kuma shugabancin kamfanin tsaro na yanar gizo Dragos, wanda ya ci gaba da zama daya daga cikin shirye-shirye na farko na gwamnatin Amurka don kare kariya daga hare-haren cyber-hare a kan tsarin samar da kayayyakin Amurka, rahoton ya kasance mai ɓatar da masu karɓa. .
"Duk wanda ya yi amfani da shi zai yi tunanin cewa ayyukan Rasha ne suke tasiri," in ji Lee. "Mun yi gudun hijira ta hanyar alamu a cikin rahoto kuma muka gano cewa babban yawan lamari ne na gaskiya."
Lee da ma'aikatansa sun samo kawai biyu daga jerin jerin fayiloli na malware da za a iya danganta su da masu rukuni na Rasha ba tare da karin bayani game da lokaci ba. Hakazalika babban adadin adiresoshin IP da aka jera za a iya danganta su "GRIZZLY STEPPE" kawai don wasu takamaiman kwanakin, waɗanda ba a ba su ba.
An gano ma'anar 42 kashi na 876 IP adireshin da aka jera cikin rahoto kamar yadda masu amfani da rukuni na Rasha suka yi amfani da ita sun kasance fitaccen tashoshin na Tor Project, tsarin da zai bawa bloggers, 'yan jarida da sauransu - ciki har da wasu ƙungiyoyin soja - don ci gaba da zaman kansu na intanet.
Lee ya ce ma'aikatan DHS da suka yi aiki a kan bayanan fasaha a cikin rahoto sun kasance masu kwarewa, amma daftarin aiki ya zama banza idan jami'ai suka kaddamar da kuma share wasu sassan sassan rahoton kuma suka kara da wasu kayan da bai kamata a ciki ba. Ya yi imanin cewa DHS ta bayar da rahoton "don manufar siyasa," wanda shine "nuna cewa DHS na kare ku."
Tsayar da Labari, Tsayar da Rayuwa
Bayan karbar rahoton DHS-FBI, kamfanin tsaro na kamfanin Burlington Electric Kamfanin ya fara bincike kan lambobin kwamfutarsa ta hanyar amfani da jerin sunayen IP da aka ba shi. A lokacin da aka gano wani adireshin IP a cikin rahoto a matsayin mai nuna alamar hacking ta Rashanci a kan rajistan ayyukan, mai amfani da ake kira DHS yanzu don sanar da shi kamar yadda aka umurce ta da DHS.
A gaskiya ma, adireshin IP a kan kwamfutar ta Burlington Electric kamfanin kawai shi ne uwar garken e-mail ta Yahoo, kamar yadda Lee ya ce, saboda haka ba zai kasance mai nuna alama ba game da yunkurin shiga intanet. Wannan ya zama ƙarshen labarin. Amma mai amfani ba ya biye da adireshin IP ba kafin ya bada rahoton zuwa DHS. Ya yi, duk da haka, yana fatan DHS za ta bi da wannan al'amari har sai an bincika shi sosai kuma ta warware batun.
"DHS bai kamata ya saki bayanai ba," in ji Lee. "Kowane mutum ya kamata ya rufe baki."
Maimakon haka, wani jami'in DHS ya kira The Washington Post kuma ya wuce kalma cewa an gano daya daga cikin alamomi na haɗin Rasha akan DNC a cibiyar sadarwa ta Burlington. Labaran ba ta bi bin doka mafi mahimmanci na aikin jarida, dogara ga tushen DHS ba maimakon dubawa tare da Ofishin Burlington na farko. Sakamakon haka shi ne labarin Dec. 30 na gidan jarida na Post a cikin labaran "Masu rukuni na Rasha sun shiga cikin wutar lantarki ta Amurka ta hanyar mai amfani a Vermont, in ji jami'an Amurka."
Jami'ar DHS ta nuna yarda da cewa Post ta nuna cewa Rasha sun shiga cikin grid ba tare da suna cewa haka ba. Rahoton ya ce Rasha "ba ta yi amfani da lambar ba don ta katse aikin mai amfani, bisa ga jami'an da suka yi magana a kan yanayin rashin tabbacin don tattauna batun tsaro," amma sai ya kara da cewa, "shigarwa a cikin kasar Grid ɗin wutar lantarki yana da muhimmanci domin yana wakiltar yanayin da zai iya zama mai tsanani. "
Kamfanin lantarki ya ba da tabbacin cewa kwamfutar da ke cikin tambaya an haɗa shi zuwa grid ɗin wutar lantarki. An tura Post din ne don ya janye, a sakamakon haka, da'awar cewa Rasha ta kori grid din wutar lantarki. Amma har yanzu labarinsa ya nuna cewa mai amfani da shi ne na Rasha har tsawon kwana uku kafin ya yarda da cewa babu wani irin hujjar da aka samu.
Ranar da aka buga labarin, jagorancin DHS ya ci gaba da bayyana, ba tare da faɗi haka ba, cewa mutanen Rasha sun kori masu amfani da Burlington. Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Jakadanci J. Todd Breasseale ya ba da sanarwar CNN cewa "alamun" daga software mara kyau da aka samu a kwamfuta a Burlington Electric sun kasance "wasa" ga wadanda ke cikin kwakwalwan DNC.
Da zarar DHS ya duba adireshin IP ɗin, duk da haka, ya san cewa shi ne uwar garken cloud na Yahoo kuma saboda haka ba mai nuna alama cewa wannan ƙungiyar da ake zargin sun keta DNC ya shiga cikin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ta Burlington ba. DHS kuma ya koya daga mai amfani da cewa kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka a tambaya sun kamu da kwayar cutar da ake kira "neutrino," wadda ba a taba amfani dashi a "GRIZZLY STEPPE" ba.
Kwanaki kadan bayan haka DHS ya bayyana abubuwan da ke da muhimmanci ga Post. Kuma DHS na ci gaba da kare rahoton da ya yi da shi zuwa Post, a cewar Lee, wanda ya sami labarin wannan labarin. Jami'in DHS ya yi jayayya cewa, "ya kai ga ganowa," in ji shi. "Na biyu shine, 'Duba, wannan yana ƙarfafa mutane su gudu masu nuna alama.'"
Labari na Harshen Harshen DHS na ainihi
A ƙarya Burlington Electric barazanar tsoro yana tunawa da wani labari na baya na hacking na Rasha mai amfani don abin da DHS da alhakin da. A watan Nuwamba 2011, ya bayar da rahoton "intrusion" a cikin wani asusun ruwa dake yankin Springfield, na Illinois, wanda ya zama abin ƙi.
Kamar Burlington fiasco, rahoton na DHS ya riga ya gabatar da cewa an riga an kai farmaki ga tsarin samar da kayayyakin Amurka. A cikin watan Oktobar 2011, The Washington Post ya yi bayani cewa, "abokan adawarmu" suna "kullun ƙofofin wadannan tsarin." Kuma Schaffer ya kara da cewa, "A wasu lokutta, an yi amfani da su." bai bayyana lokacin da, inda ko ta wanda ba, kuma babu irin waɗannan tambayoyin da aka riga an rubuta.
A ranar Nuwamba na 8, 2011, wani ruwa na ruwa da ke cikin gundumar ruwa na Curran-Gardner a kusa da Springfield, Illinois, ya ƙone a bayan da ya shafe sau da yawa a cikin watanni masu zuwa. Kungiyar ta gyara ta kawo gyara don ta samo adireshin IP din Rasha a kan takaddunsa daga watanni biyar da suka wuce. Wannan adireshin IP na ainihi ne daga kiran wayar daga dan kwangila wanda ya kafa tsarin kulawa don famfo kuma wanda yake hutawa a Rasha tare da iyalinsa, saboda haka sunansa ya kasance a cikin log ɗin ta adireshin.
Ba tare da nazarin adireshin IP ba, mai amfani ya ruwaito adreshin IP da raguwa da ruwa zuwa Hukumar Kariya na Muhalli, wanda hakan ya ba da shi zuwa ga Cibiyar Ta'addanci da Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Illinois ta Jihar Illinois, wadda ake kira cibiyar hada-hadar ƙungiyar ta Illinois 'Yan sanda da wakilai daga FBI, DHS da sauran hukumomin gwamnati.
A watan Nuwamba na 10 - bayan kwana biyu bayan rahoton farko zuwa EPA - cibiyar watsa labaran ta samar da rahoton da ake kira "Cyber Intrusion" na ruwa na jama'a da ke nuna cewa dan dangin dan kasar Rasha ya sace ainihin wanda aka ba shi izinin amfani da kwamfutar kuma ya shiga cikin kulawar tsarin haifar da ƙawanin ruwa don kasawa.
Kamfanin na kwangila wanda sunansa ya kasance a kan labaran da ke kusa da adireshin IP ya fada wa magatakarda Wired cewa waya daya kira shi zai sanya batun ya huta. Amma DHS, wanda shine jagoran da ya gabatar da rahoto, bai damu ba har ma da wannan wayar da ta fito fili kafin ya ci gaba da cewa dole ne ya kasance Rasha.
Cibiyar haɗin gwiwar "rahotanni," wanda DHS Office of Intelligence and Research ya wallafa shi, ya karbi wani mai wallafa yanar gizo na tsaro, wanda ya kira The Washington Post kuma ya karanta wannan abu ga mai ba da rahoto. Ta haka ne Post ta wallafa labarin farko game da rukuni na Rasha a cikin kayan aikin Amurka a ranar Nuwamba 18, 2011.
Bayan da ainihin labarin ya fito, DHS ta karyata alhakin rahoto, yana cewa shi ne alhakin cibiyar haɗin. Amma Majalisar Dattijai ta gudanar da bincike saukar a cikin rahoto a shekara bayan haka cewa ko da bayan da aka rantsar da rahoton farko, DHS ba ta bayar da wata takaddama ko gyara ga rahoton ba, kuma ba a sanar da masu karɓa game da gaskiya ba.
Jami'an DHS da ke da alhakin rahoton karya sun shaida wa masu bincike na Majalisar Dattijai irin wadannan rahotanni ba su da nufin "gama ganewa," yana nuna cewa bar don daidaitattun bayanin ba dole ba ne sosai. Sun ma da'awar cewa rahoto "nasara" ne saboda ya yi abin da "abin da ya kamata ya yi - samar da sha'awa."
Dukkanin ɓangaren Burlington da Curran-Gardner sun nuna ainihin gaskiya game da harkokin siyasar tsaro na kasa a cikin sabuwar yakin Cold War: manyan 'yan wasan na dakarun gwamnati kamar DHS suna da babbar tashar siyasa a hangen zaman jama'a game da barazanar Rasha, kuma duk lokacin da damar ya samu yi haka, za su yi amfani da shi.
