Grant Pine a Temple na Zojoji, wanda shugaban Amurka na lokacin Ulysses S. Grant ya shuka a gidan ibadar dangin Tokugawa.
By David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Oktoba 25, 2021
Ya kamata Yarima Iyesato Tokugawa na Japan ya fi sha'awar mu a yanzu fiye da wata gimbiya Jafan a halin yanzu tana auren "mai yawan jama'a," ko fina-finai na Hollywood da suka mayar da hankali kan lokacin tashin hankali a tarihi wanda yanzu sun sami 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na harbi masu daukar hoto.
An aiko mini da wani littafi mai suna "The Art of Diflomasiyya: Shekaru hamsin na Sirrin dangantakar Amurka da Japan da aka bayyana" na Stan Katz. Akwai kadan idan wani abu sirri a ciki. Yana yin tsalle-tsalle cikin lokaci-lokaci wanda ban sani ba ko kusan shekaru 50 ne. Ya kawo wasu maɓuɓɓuka masu ban mamaki ko babu ɗaya, ba shi da bayanan ƙarshe, ya haɗa da bayanan karya masu ban mamaki (kamar ƙagaggun bayanin abin da ke cikin yarjejeniyar Kellogg-Briand, wanda za a iya gyara a cikin mintuna 2 ta hanyar karanta Kellogg-Briand Pact), kuma an rubuta shi. a matsayin cakuda gaskiya, ra'ayi, da kuma karin magana na karya ("Ya bayyana sabani, amma don wanzar da zaman lafiya, al'umma ba ta son a ganta a matsayin mai rauni ko mai rauni." Da gaske? Al'umma? Yana da buri? Wanne Al'umma a cikin wace kwakwalwa?), amma batun ba zai yuwu ba, da alama an yi watsi da shi sosai, kuma yunƙurin jawo hankalin duniya a 2021 abin sha'awa ne sosai.
Da alama Majalisar Dattawan Amurka tana da niyyar yin ruku'u a gaban Yarima Biden tare da aika Rahm Emanuel a matsayin jakadan Amurka a Japan, da niyyar sayar da karin makamai da kuma gina babbar barazanar yaki a kan China. Yarima Tokugawa ya kasance wani zamani na daban, wanda Joseph Grew, mai hankali ne kuma mai ilimi kuma gogaggen jami'in diflomasiyya ya yi aiki - kuma a zahiri hidima ce - a matsayin Jakadan Amurka a Japan. Lokacin da sojojin Japan suka kai hari tare da nutsar da wani jirgin Amurka a cikin 1937, Tokugawa da Grew sun yi duk abin da za su iya don kauce wa yaki, kuma - ko ta hanyar kokarinsu, ko kuma kawai saboda Franklin Roosevelt ba ya son yaki tukuna - an sami zaman lafiya. (Grew ya kuma gargadi gwamnatin Amurka game da Pearl Harbor, kodayake ba a yi watsi da gargadinsa ba, kuma yanzu wani nau'in kishin kasa ne don ci gaba da yin watsi da su.)
Tokugawa ya mutu a watan Yuni 1940, kuma a watan Satumba Japan ta hade da Jamus da Italiya. Yadda ƙwaƙƙwaran mutuwar Tokugawa ta kasance a cikin wannan ci gaban zai buƙaci ƙarin bincike. A bayyane yake, gwagwarmaya tsakanin shaho da kurciyoyi a cikin gwamnatocin Japan da na Amurka sun kasance suna ci gaba da yin nasara ga babbar nasara na shaho na shekaru. A bayyane yake mun sake rayuwa cikin wannan tsari tsawon shekaru yanzu, duk da cewa Japan da Amurka sun hada kai kan Sin maimakon Sin da Amurka sun hada kai kan Japan. Babban abin mamaki Stan Katz ya yanke shawarar cewa mulkin Obama da Abe a Amurka da Japan Tokugawa zai iya gani yayin da cikar burinsa ya rasa kawar da haramtacciyar doka ta 9 akan yaki a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Japan, jigon Asiya, aikin soja. na kowane inci na ƙarshe na Okinawa, sabbin sansanonin Amurka da ke kewayen Pacific, haɓakar tallace-tallacen makamai, da kuma daidaita yawan ɗaiɗaikun soja da Abe da Obama suka tura - ba tare da ambaton magajin su ba.
Yarima Iyesato Tokugawa (1863-1940) ya kasance magaji ga Shoguns wanda ya mulki Japan daga 1603 zuwa 1868, ya yi karatu a Eton, Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Japan na shekaru 30, mai ba da shawara kuma babban mashawarci ga Sarkin sarakuna Hirohito, matafiyi na duniya kuma jami'in diflomasiyya. , babban mai shirya taron sojojin ruwa na Washington na 1921-1922 ( taro na farko na rage yawan makamai na kasa da kasa, wanda aka bude ranar bayan ranar Armistice, kuma ya sami nasara mai mahimmanci, duk da leken asirin Amurka a kan tawagar Japan da ci gaban masana'antu na soja da ke aiki madaukai). Tokugawa ya kasance mai fafutukar tabbatar da zaman lafiya tsawon shekaru da dama, kuma jagora wajen inganta kungiyar Rotary Club, da kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross, da kuma shirye-shiryen musayar al'adu marasa adadi, gami da baiwar itatuwan ceri ga Washington DC da kuma bunkasa wani biki a kusa da su. Yarima Tokugawa ya kafa makada na kade-kade na Japanawa na farko, ya kirkiro baje kolin fasahar Japanawa a Amurka, ya kafa shirye-shiryen musayar dalibai tsakanin Amurka da Japan, kuma ya dauki nauyin taron duniya kan ilimi, da dai sauransu. Ya nemi al'adar zaman lafiya yayin da yake adawa da kisan kare dangi na Armeniya da haɓakar kyamar baki. Ya kasance babban mai magana a taron bikin cika shekaru 25 na Rotary International a 1930.
Ko a cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe, har ma a Amurka, Tokugawa ya yi magana game da barazanar yaƙi, yana ba da shawarar zaman lafiya dangane da cewa yana da wuya a sami wani aibi a cikin. CBS yana kira ga zaman lafiya tsakanin "iyalin al'ummai" na duniya. Tokugawa har ma ya yi ƙoƙari ya gana da William Randolph Hearst a yunƙurin kawo cikas ga aikin "jarida" na yaƙi - tare da nasarar da ba a bayyana ba. Masu yada farfagandar kasar Sin hade da muradun makami da kuma kudurin FDR na neman hanyar shiga yakin Turai sun kasance masu karfi.
The Los Angeles Times na Maris 21, 1934, a shafi na 22, bisa ga Katz, ya haɗa da wani shafi - bai faɗi ta wa ba, amma ya kamata a nan idan kun biya shi (Ban yi ba) - ya ce:
"Yarima Tokugawa yana magana da harshen wayewa da fahimta lokacin da ya ce babu dalilin rikici tsakanin Amurka da Japan. Haka nan kuma mai yiwuwa ya yi daidai a cikin bayanin nasa cewa galibin al'ummar Japan na son zaman lafiya, domin kuwa ko shakka babu ya yi daidai da ya ce galibin Amurkawa na son hakan. Jingoism ne a kasashen biyu da kuma tsoron da suke haifarwa wanda ke da hadari ga zaman lafiya. Ya zuwa yanzu adiresoshinsa suna aiki don kawar da tsoro, Yarima Tokugawa yana yin hidima ta musamman ta wannan yawon shakatawa. Rahoton da ya yi wa kasarsa na abin da ya gani a nan ya kamata ya shawo kan al'amuran jingo. Idan jaridar Hearst da ke nan da na Jafananci [daidai] za a iya yin shiru da ra'ayin jama'a, duk rashin fahimtar juna tsakanin al'ummomin biyu za su ɓace cikin sauri."
Yawancin abubuwa suna canzawa. . . .
