Manomi Jim Young ya nuna alamar makami mai linzami a ƙasarsa kusa da Harrisburg a gundumar Banner. Matasa da sauran masu mallakar filaye sun ji takaicin matakin da sojojin saman suka dauka na hana injinan iskar gas tsakanin mil biyu na wannan silo na makami mai linzami – shawarar da ta dakata kuma tana iya kawo karshen aikin makamashin iska mafi girma a tarihin Nebraska. Hoto daga Fletcher Halfaker na Flatwater Free Press.
Natalia Alamdari, Flatwater Free Press, Satumba 22, 2022
KUSA HARRISBURG–A cikin Banner County mai bushewar ƙashi, gajimare na ƙazanta sun shiga sararin sama kamar yadda taraktoci masu ruɗi har ƙasa mai gasa rana.
A wasu filayen, har yanzu ƙasa ta bushe sosai don fara shuka alkama na hunturu.
“Wannan shi ne karo na farko a rayuwata da na kasa samun alkama a ƙasa,” in ji Jim Young, yana tsaye a gonar da ta yi shekara 80 a cikin iyalinsa. “Muna samun ruwan sama kadan. Kuma muna samun iska mai yawa.”
Wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun iskar ƙasar, a zahiri.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa shekaru 16 da suka gabata, kamfanonin makamashin iska sun fara zawarcin masu mallakar ƙasa sama da ƙasa County Road 14 a arewacin Kimball - mai zurfi mai launin shuɗi ta cikin Nebraska Panhandle akan taswirar saurin iska. Alamar high-gudun, abin dogara iska.
Tare da kusan kadada 150,000 da kamfanonin makamashi suka yi hayar, wannan yanki na mutane 625 ne kawai suka tsaya a shirye don zama gida don kusan injin turbin iska 300.
Da zai kasance aikin iska mafi girma a jihar, wanda ya kawo makudan kudade ga masu gonaki, masu ci gaba, kananan hukumomi da makarantun gida.
Amma sai, shingen hanya ba zato ba tsammani: Rundunar Sojan Sama na Amurka.
Taswirar silos na makami mai linzami karkashin agogon FE Warren Air Force Base a Cheyenne. Koren dige-dige wurare ne na harbawa, kuma ɗigon ruwan shuɗi sune wuraren faɗakar da makami mai linzami. Akwai silos masu linzami 82 da wuraren faɗakar da makamai masu linzami guda tara a yammacin Nebraska, in ji kakakin rundunar sojin sama. FE Warren Air Force Base.
Karkashin wuraren kura na gundumar Banner akwai dimbin makamai masu linzami na nukiliya. An ajiye shi a cikin silos na soji da aka tona sama da ƙafa 100 a cikin ƙasa, kayan tarihi na Yaƙin Yakin suna jira a cikin yankunan karkarar Amurka, wani ɓangare na kariyar nukiliyar ƙasar.
Shekaru da yawa, dogayen gine-gine kamar injin turbin iska suna buƙatar zama aƙalla mil kwata daga silos ɗin makami mai linzami.
Amma a farkon wannan shekarar, sojoji sun canza manufofinsu.
Ɗaya daga cikin silos masu linzami da yawa da ke cikin Banner County. Yawancin silos ɗin an shirya su cikin tsarin grid kuma an raba su da nisan mil shida. An sanya shi a nan a cikin shekarun 1960, Rundunar Sojan Sama, wanda ke da makaman nukiliya, yanzu yana kawo cikas ga gagarumin aikin makamashin iska. Hoto daga Fletcher Halfaker na Flatwater Free Press
Yanzu, in ji su, injin turbin yanzu ba zai iya zama tsakanin mil biyu na nautical na silos ba. Canjin ya kawar da kadada na kamfanonin samar da makamashin filaye da suka yi hayar daga mazauna gida - kuma ya lalata yuwuwar iska daga dimbin manoman da suka jira shekaru 16 kafin injin injin ya zama gaskiya.
Aikin Banner County da ya tsaya cik ya kasance na musamman, amma kuma wata hanya ce da Nebraska ke fafutukar yin amfani da babban albarkatun makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Nebraska da ke da iska mai karfin gaske ita ce ta takwas a cikin kasar a fannin makamashin iska, a cewar gwamnatin tarayya. Yawan makamashin iskar da ake samarwa a jihar ya samu ci gaba sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Amma Nebraska ta ci gaba da yin nisa a bayan makwabta Colorado, Kansas da Iowa, wadanda dukkansu sun zama shugabannin kasa a cikin iska.
Ayyukan gundumar Banner sun haɓaka ƙarfin iskar Nebraska da kashi 25%. Kawo yanzu dai ba a san ko nawa ne injina za su yi aiki ba saboda sauya salon mulkin rundunar sojin sama.
“Wannan zai zama babban aiki ga manoma da yawa. Kuma da ya kasance mafi girman yarjejeniya ga kowane mai mallakar dukiya a Banner County, ”in ji Young. “Mai kisa ne kawai. Ban san yadda za a faɗi ba. ”
ZAMA DA NUKES
John Jones yana tukin taraktansa lokacin da babu inda, jirage masu saukar ungulu suka yi ta sama. Taraktarsa ta harba isasshiyar kura don tada na'urorin gano motsin makami mai linzami da ke kusa.
Jeeps sun yi sauri kuma wasu mutane dauke da makamai sun yi tsalle don duba yiwuwar barazanar.
"Na ci gaba da noma," in ji Jones.
Mutanen Banner County sun kasance tare da silos na makami mai linzami tun shekarun 1960. Don ci gaba da yin amfani da fasahar nukiliyar Soviet, Amurka ta fara dasa ɗaruruwan makamai masu linzami a mafi yawan yankunan karkarar ƙasar, inda ta sanya su harba a kan Pole ta Arewa da kuma cikin Tarayyar Soviet nan da nan.
Tom May ya yi nazari kan girmar alkama da ya shuka kwanan nan. May, wanda ya shafe sama da shekaru 40 yana noma a gundumar Banner, ya ce alkamarsa ba ta taba yin illa ga fari ba kamar yadda ake yi a bana. May, wanda ya yi yarjejeniya da kamfanonin samar da makamashin iskar don ba da damar sanya injinan iskar gas a filinsa, ya ce canjin ka'idar rundunar sojin sama a yanzu ba zai bari injinan iska ko daya a filinsa ba. Hoto daga Fletcher Halfaker na Flatwater Free Press
A yau, akwai ɓangarorin silos waɗanda aka warwatse ko'ina cikin Nebraska. Amma 82 silos a cikin Panhandle har yanzu suna aiki da sarrafa 24/7 ta ma'aikatan Sojan Sama.
Makamai masu linzami guda dari hudu na ballistic - ICBMs - an binne su a kasa a arewacin Colorado, yammacin Nebraska, Wyoming, North Dakota da Montana. Makamai masu linzami masu nauyin fam 80,000 na iya tashi mil 6,000 cikin kasa da rabin sa'a kuma su yi barna sau 20 fiye da bama-baman da aka jefa kan Hiroshima a yakin duniya na biyu.
"Idan aka kai mana harin bama-bamai, sai su ce wannan shi ne wurin da za su fara tayar da bam, saboda silo da muka samu a nan," in ji manomin Tom May.
Kowane kadada na kadarorin Mayu yana zaune a tsakanin mil biyu na silo makami mai linzami. A karkashin sabuwar dokar rundunar sojin sama, ba zai iya sanya injin injin iska daya a kasa ba.
Masu haɓaka injin injin iskar sun fara zuwa gundumar Banner kimanin shekaru 16 da suka gabata - maza masu sanye da rigar polos da wando waɗanda suka gudanar da taron jama'a ga masu sha'awar ƙasa a makaranta a Harrisburg.
Banner yana da abin da masu haɓakawa suka kira "iska mai daraja ta duniya." Yawancin masu mallakar filaye sun yi marmarin - sanya hannu kan kadadansu ya zo tare da alkawarin kusan dala 15,000 a kowace injin injin a kowace shekara. Haka kuma injinan injin din za su rika zuba kudi a cikin kananan hukumomi da makarantu, in ji jami’an gundumar da shugabannin kamfanoni.
"A cikin Banner County, da zai rage harajin kadarorin da ba a kusa da komai ba," in ji Young.
A ƙarshe, kamfanoni biyu - Invenergy da Orion Renewable Energy Group - sun kammala shirye-shiryen kafa injinan iska a gundumar Banner.
An kammala nazarin tasirin muhalli. An sanya hannu kan izini, haya da kwangiloli.
Orion yana da injinan injina 75 zuwa 100 da aka shirya, kuma yana fatan samun aikin da zai fara aiki a wannan shekara.
Invenergy zai gina turbines har 200. Kamfanin ya cancanci biyan harajin gwamnatin tarayya don fara aikin kuma har ma ya zubar da famfo na simintin da injinan injin za su zauna a kai, ya rufe su da ƙasa ta yadda manoma za su iya amfani da filin har sai an fara ginin.
Amma tattaunawa da sojoji da aka fara a 2019 ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan.
Na'urorin sarrafa iska suna haifar da "muhimmiyar haɗarin lafiyar jirgin," in ji kakakin rundunar sojojin sama a cikin imel. Wadancan injinan turbin ba su wanzu lokacin da aka gina silos. Yanzu da suka yi la'akari da yanayin yankunan karkara, rundunar sojojin saman ta ce tana bukatar sake duba ka'idojin koma baya. Lamba na ƙarshe da ya zauna a kai shine mil biyu na ruwa - mil 2.3 akan ƙasa - don haka jirage masu saukar ungulu ba za su yi karo da guguwa ko guguwa ba.
Nisan ya zama dole don kiyaye ma'aikatan jirgin yayin "ayyukan tsaro na yau da kullun, ko kuma ayyukan mayar da martani mai mahimmanci, yayin da muke kasancewa tare da sauran Amurkawa wadanda suka mallaki kuma suke aiki a kasa a kusa da wadannan muhimman wuraren," in ji mai magana da yawun.
A watan Mayu, jami'an soji sun yi tafiya daga Wyoming's FE Warren Air Force Base don watsa labarai ga masu mallakar filaye. A kan wani na'urar na'urar na'ura mai daukar hoto a gidan cin abinci na Kimball's Sagebrush, sun nuna manyan hotuna na abin da matukan jirgi masu saukar ungulu ke gani lokacin da suke yawo kusa da injina a cikin guguwar dusar kankara.
Ga mafi yawan masu mallakar ƙasa, labarin ya zo a matsayin gutpunch. Sun ce suna goyon bayan tsaron kasa da kuma kiyaye masu yiwa kasa hidima. Amma suna mamaki: Shin sau takwas nisa dole ne?
“Ba su mallaki wannan kasa ba. Amma kwatsam, suna da ikon da za su lalatar da dukan abin, suna gaya mana abin da za mu iya da kuma ba za mu iya yi ba, ”in ji Jones. “Abin da muke so mu yi shi ne tattaunawa. Nisan mil 4.6 (diamita) ya yi nisa sosai, gwargwadon abin da na damu."
Off County Road 19, shingen hanyar haɗin gwiwa ya raba hanyar shiga silo makami mai linzami daga filin gona da ke kewaye. Matasan wuraren shakatawa a kan titin kuma suna nuna kan tudu zuwa hasumiya ta yanayi da wani kamfanin makamashi ya sanya.
Akwai kadada na gonaki tsakanin silo makami mai linzami da hasumiya. Hasumiyar Matasan tana nunawa tana bayyana azaman ƙaramin layi akan sararin sama, sama da haske ja mai kyalli.
"Lokacin da za ku iya saukar da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu a saman kowane asibiti a kasar, suna cewa wannan ya yi kusa sosai," in ji Young, yana nuna makamin silo da hasumiya mai nisa. "Yanzu kun san dalilin da yasa muke jin haushi, ko?"
INGANTA KARFIN ISKA, AMMA HAR YANZU
Nebraska ta gina turbin iska ta farko a cikin 1998 - hasumiya biyu a yamma da Springview. Gundumar Wutar Jama'a ta Nebraska ta shigar, ma'auratan gwajin gwaji ne ga jihar da makwabciyarta Iowa ke haɓaka makamashin iska tun farkon shekarun 1980.
Taswirar kayan aikin iska a Nebraska yana nuna saurin iskar a cikin jihar. Ƙaƙwalwar launin ruwan shuɗi mai launin shuɗi yana yanke Banner County a cikin rabi yana nuna inda ayyukan iska biyu suka tafi. Ladabi na Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Makamashi ta Nebraska
A shekara ta 2010, Nebraska ta kasance ta 25 a cikin ƙasar wajen samar da wutar lantarki da aka samar da iska - kasan fakitin tsakanin jihohin Great Plains mai iska.
Dalilan da ke haifar da koma baya sun kasance na musamman Nebraskan. Nebraska ita ce jiha tilo da ake yi wa hidima gabaɗaya ta hanyar kayan aikin jama'a, waɗanda aka ba da izini don isar da mafi arha wutar lantarki mai yuwuwa.
Ƙididdigar haraji na tarayya don ayyukan gonakin iska ana amfani da su ne kawai ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Tare da ƙaramin yawan jama'a, riga mai arha wutar lantarki da iyakance damar yin amfani da layin watsawa, Nebraska ba ta da kasuwa don samar da makamashin iska mai amfani.
Shekaru goma na doka sun taimaka canza wannan lissafin. An ba wa ma'aikatun gwamnati damar siyan wuta daga masu haɓaka iska masu zaman kansu. Wata doka ta jiha ta karkatar da harajin da aka karɓa daga masu haɓaka iska zuwa gundumomi da gundumar makaranta - dalilin da yasa gonakin iska na Banner na iya rage haraji ga mazauna gundumomi.
Yanzu, Nebraska tana da isassun injinan iskar da za su samar da megawatts 3,216, wanda ya koma na goma sha biyar a kasar.
Yana da matsakaicin girma, in ji masana. Amma tare da sabbin dokokin tarayya da ke ƙarfafa iska da makamashin rana, da manyan gundumomin wutar lantarki na Nebraska uku da suka himmatu wajen tafiya tsaka tsaki na carbon, ana sa ran makamashin iska a cikin jihar zai haɓaka.
Babban cikas a yanzu yana iya zama 'yan Nebraskan waɗanda ba sa son injin turbin iska a cikin yankunansu.
Turbines suna da hayaniya idanu, wasu sun ce. Idan ba tare da kuɗin haraji na tarayya ba, ba lallai ba ne su kasance hanya mai hikima ta kuɗi don samar da wutar lantarki, in ji Tony Baker, mataimaki na majalisa ga Sen. Tom Brewer.
A watan Afrilu, kwamishinonin gundumar Otoe sun sanya dokar dakatar da ayyukan iska na shekara guda. A gundumar Gage, jami'ai sun zartar da takunkumin da zai hana duk wani ci gaban iska na gaba. Tun daga shekarar 2015, kwamishinonin gundumomi a Nebraska sun yi watsi da ko kuma sun hana noman iska sau 22, a cewar dan jaridar makamashi. Robert Bryce's National Database.
Baker ya ce, "Abu na farko da muka ji daga bakin kowa shi ne yadda, 'Ba ma son waɗancan na'urorin turbin na iska kusa da wurinmu,' "in ji Baker, yana kwatanta ziyarar da mazaunan Brewer's Sandhills. “Irin makamashin iska ya raba sassan al’umma. Kuna da iyalin da suke amfana da shi, suna so, amma duk wanda yake makwabtaka da su ba ya so.
Ana iya samun injin turbin iska da yawa kusa da gundumar Banner a gundumar Kimball makwabciyarta. Wannan yanki na Nebraska yana daya daga cikin wurare mafi kyau a Amurka don daidaito, iska mai sauri, masana makamashi sun ce. Hoto daga Fletcher Halfaker na Flatwater Free Press
John Hansen, shugaban kungiyar manoman Nebraska, ya ce koma baya kan noman iska ya karu a 'yan shekarun nan. Amma ’yan tsiraru ne mai surutu, in ji shi. Kashi 2015 cikin XNUMX na mazauna karkarar Nebraskan sun yi tunanin ya kamata a yi ƙarin aiki don haɓaka iska da makamashin hasken rana, a cewar wani binciken jin ra'ayin jama'a na Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln na XNUMX.
"Matsalar NIMBY ce," in ji Hansen, ta yin amfani da ma'anar ma'anar, "Ba a cikin Gidan Baya na ba." Yana da, "'Ba na adawa da makamashin iska, kawai ba na son shi a yankina.' Manufar su ita ce tabbatar da cewa babu wani aiki da aka gina, lokaci. "
Ga garuruwan Nebraska da ke fuskantar raguwar yawan jama'a, injin turbin iska na iya nufin damar tattalin arziki, in ji Hansen. A birnin Petersburg, kwararar ma'aikata bayan da aka gina wata tashar iska ta kai ga gazawar wani kantin sayar da kayan abinci maimakon gina wuri na biyu, in ji shi. Daidai ne da aikin ɗan lokaci ga manoma waɗanda suka yarda da injin injin turbin.
Dave Aiken, farfesa a fannin tattalin arziki na UNL ya ce: “Kamar samun rijiyar mai ne a ƙasarku ba tare da gurɓatacce ba. "Kuna tsammanin zai zama rashin hankali."
A gundumar Banner, fa'idar tattalin arziƙin da ta zub da jini a yankin da ke kewaye kuma, in ji masu mallakar filaye. Ma'aikatan da ke gina turbinin sun sayi kayan abinci kuma sun zauna a otal-otal a yankunan Kimball da Scotts Bluff makwabta.
Yanzu, masu mallakar filaye ba su da cikakken tabbacin abin da ke gaba. Orion ya ce matakin da rundunar sojin saman ta dauka ya haramta a kalla rabin injinan turbin da ta ke shirin yi. Har yanzu yana fatan samun aikin da ke gudana a cikin 2024. Invenergy ya ƙi yin cikakken bayani game da kowane shiri na gaba.
"Wannan albarkatun yana nan, a shirye don amfani," in ji Brady Jones, ɗan John Jones. “Ta yaya za mu yi nisa daga wannan? A lokacin da muke zartar da dokar da za ta kara yawan saka hannun jari a makamashin iska a kasar nan? Wannan makamashin ya kamata ya fito daga wani wuri."
