Ta hanyar Lucas Koerner, Disamba 10, 2019
daga Fair.org
A cikin sabon zamanin jaruntakar mu matasan yaki, kafofin watsa labarun suna taka rawar aukuwa ta akida a tsakanin hukuncin daular ikon mallaka na yamma. Kowace rana da rana, "martabarta" kantuna masu fashewa da ke haifar da ci gaba da / ko kuma masu adawa da mulkin mallaka a cikin Kasashen Duniya ta Kudu tare da mummunan rauni na zage-zage da bazaar labarai marasa ma'ana (misali, FAIR.org, 5/23/18, 8/23/18, 4/11/19, 7/25/19).
Sakamakon mafi girma shine wakilcin duk wata gwamnatin da ba ta cika biyayya da ikon Yammacin Turai, da halatta juyin mulki, takunkumi na tattalin arziki da takunkumi, yaƙe-yaƙe da ma mamaye wurare. Yunkurin da Amurka ta shirya kwanan nan a Bolivia wani nazari ne na karantarwa. A yayin jagorantar hambarar da sojojin Evo Morales, kafafen yada labarai na Yamma sun saba wa sahihancin shugaban kasa na dimokiradiyyar dimokiradiyya, duk da cewa ya sake cin zabe a wani gefe.FAIR.org, 11/5/19).
Amma ba a daina samun manyan kamfanoni a hare-haren Morales ba. Kafofin yada labarai na zamani masu sassaucin ra'ayi da na zamani a cikin Arewa ta Arewa sun dade suna bayyana gwamnatin Bolivia wacce ake wa lakabi da Movement for Socialism (MAS) a matsayin taurin kai, dan adawa da kuma kare muhalli - duk da sunan "hagu". Ba tare da la’akari da niyyar da aka yi ba, babban abin da ya haifar shi ne raunana hamayya ta asali a tsakanin masarautan kasashen yamma zuwa ga halakar da suke yi a kasashen waje.
Daidaitawa game da juyin mulki
Gabanin juyin mulkin 10 na Nuwamba, 'yan jaridu na kamfanoni da kansu suna iya taka rawa wajen haskakawa jama'a, suna gabatar da fastoci a matsayin "canjin dimokiradiyya" (FAIR.org, 11/11/19, 11/15/19).
Gaskiya abin mamakin shi ne martanin da kafafen watsa labarai na Yammacin Turai suka ci gaba, wanda wanda ya zata zai yi tir da juyin mulki ba tare da neman sauye sauyen Evo Morales ba.
Lamarin mai ban takaici bai yi ba.
Nan da nan bayan hambarar da Morales, Game da 'Yanci (11/11/19, 11/15/19, 11/16/19) wallafa ra'ayoyi da dama daga cikin masana Bolivia da na Kudancin Amurka wadanda ke wasa da gaskiyar juyin mulki da kuma jawo daidaito tsakanin gwamnatin Morales da 'yan fashin. Sauran labaran da aka sanya a ranakun da suka gabata sun zargi gwamnatin da zamba, tare da gaskata juyin mulkin da za a zo (Game da 'Yanci, 11/8/19, 11/10/19). Hanyar tushen Vermont, tare da alakar tarihi ga Nonungiyoyin da ba a San Doka ba, sun ƙi buga wasu wuraren ra'ayin Bolivian daban-daban ba tare da adawa da juyin mulkin ba.
Sauran kafofin watsa labarai masu ci gaba sun bayyanar da hambarar da Morales a matsayin juyin mulki, amma sun ji an tilasta musu yin tambayoyi kan halayyar shugaban kasar 'yan asalin saboda “rashin hankali.”
Yayinda yake yin Allah wadai da juyin mulkin da kuma yin watsi da zargin magudin zabe ba bisa ka'ida ba, kwamitin shirya maganar Rahoton NACLA a kan Amurka (11/13/19) amma ta nisanta kanta daga nuna goyon baya ga Morales da kuma jam'iyyar MAS. Madadin haka, littafin ya dauki nauyin MAS don aiki don “jinkirin lalacewar ci gaban ci gaban kasa” da gazawarsa ta sauya “tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa da tsarin mulki.” Koda NACLA"la'antar juyin mulkin ya kasance mafi saukin yanayi, yayin da yake yin nuni da" rawar da MAS ta taka da tarihin rikice-rikicen siyasa, "kafin a lura cewa" yanayin bayyanar da 'yancin wariyar launin fata, rawar da sojojin mulkin kama karya da' yan wasan waje suka taka, da kuma yanke hukunci na karshe da aka taka daga sojoji, sun ba da shawara cewa muna shaida juyin mulki. ”
Wani labarin mai biyo baya wanda NACLA (10/15/19) sun fi son yin muhawara ko hambarar da Morales da sojoji suka yi juyin mulki, tare da gaza sanin rashin jituwa da zargin cin amanar OAS da sanya 'yancin cin zarafin' fascist din zuwa "rarrabuwa." Marubutan, Linda Farthing da Olivia Arigho-Stiles, a zahiri ya yi ikirarin na waje cewa tantancewa idan korar Morales ba ta dace da dimokiradiyya ba “akwai rikitarwa.”
A halin yanzu, a Hoto Blog hira (11/15/19) tare da Forrest Hylton da Jeffrey Webber ba su yi kira da a mutunta ikon dimokiradiyya na Morales ba, a maimakon haka ya roki masu ra’ayin kasa da kasa da su “nace kan hakkin Bolivia na cin gashin kansu” ba tare da “dena sukar Morales ba.”
Mafi nisa daga masu samar da kayayyaki, waɗannan matsayi na edita suna da yawa sosai ga hanya ta ci gaba da ɗaukar hoto na Bolivia a cikin watanni da shekarun da suka gabata.
Yin kisan gilla
A lokacin jagorantar zaben Oktoba na 20, yawancin kantuna sun zana ko kuma ba su da wata ma'ana tsakanin karya tsakanin Morales da shugaban adawar Brazil Jair Bolsonaro dangane da gobarar daji da ke cikin kasashen biyu.
Duk da kin amincewa da wannan daidaiton, NACLA (8/30/19) duk da haka ya zargi manufofin "gwamnatocin rikon kwarya" don "murkushewa a cikin Amazon da kuma bayan," yayin da suke jefa kasashen Duniya ta Arewa a matsayin suna da alhakin aiwatar da '' matsin lamba 'a maimakon biyan bashin yanayinsu na tarihi.
Wasu kuma ba su da dabara. Rubutu don tushen Ingila Jaridar Novara (8/26/19), Claire Wordley a bayyane ta kwatanta gwamnatin Morales zuwa Bolsonaro a Brazil, tana kiran manufofin MAS "kowane irin abu mai tsayi ne da lalacewa kamar yadda 'yan jari hujja Morales ke ikirarin nuna kiyayya." Mafi sharri, ta ambaci Jhanisse Vaca-Daza, a Canjin tsarin mulki na Yammacin Turai, don wargaza yadda gwamnatin Morales ke kula da gobarar.
Wani yanki a ciki Truthout (9/26/19) ya dauki batanci ga sabo, don kwatanta Morales da Bolsonaro da zargi shugaban '' kisan kare dangi. '' Evo Morales ya taka rawar kore tsawon lokaci, amma gwamnatinsa tana da 'yan mulkin mallaka… kamar Bolsonaro a Brazil, ”Manuela Picq ya rubuta, ya ci gaba da ambaci sunan da ba a ambaci sunansa ba “Bolivia” wanda ya ce shugaban 'yan asalin' 'kisan kai ne.' 'Picq bai ba da wani sharhi ba game da yadda gazawar' yan siyasar kasashen yamma suka canza dangantakar siyasa da tattalin arziki ta ba da gudummawa ga kasashen Afirka ta Kudu kan dogaro kan masana'antu.
Crarfin 'cirewa' na Morales ba sabon abu bane, komawa zuwa ga shirin 2011 na rikice-rikicen gwamnatinsa don gina babbar hanya ta Babbanboro Secure Indigenous Territory da National Park (TIPNIS). Kamar yadda Federico Fuentes ya nuna a ciki Green hagu mako-mako (sake bugawa a ciki NACLA, 5/21/14), babbar hanyar rikice-rikice / anti-cirewa daga cikin rikici ya kasance ya tona asirin siyasa da tattalin arziki na mulkin mallaka.
Yayinda babbar hanyar ta haifar da muhimmiyar adawa mai ban sha'awa - wacce aka fi mayar da hankali kan hanya, maimakon aikin ta kowace rana - babbar kungiyar da ke bayan zanga-zangar, Confederación de Pueblos Indígenas de Bolivia, ana Washington ta ba da gudummawa kuma ta samu goyon baya daga hannun haƙoran hannun Santa Cruz oligarchy.
Kodayake tallafin da Hukumar USAID ke bayarwa na Confederación sananne ne a bainar jama'a, yawancin cibiyoyin ci gaba sun fi son cire shi daga rahoton su (NACLA, 8/1/13, 8/21/17, 11/20/19; ROAR, 11/3/14, 3/11/14; A cikin wadannan Times, 11/16/12; Magazine Ra'ayin, 11/18/19). Lokacin da aka ambaci wani kutse na kasashen waje, ana gabatar dashi gaba daya a matsayin zargi mara tushe daga gwamnatin Morales.
A cikin mafi bayyananniyar yanayin, ROAR (11/3/14) dalla-dalla, a cikin jerin rukunin 'marubuta' na ikon MAS, "yana hana aikin ba da izinin… wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da suka goyi bayan zanga-zangar TIPNIS," amma sun guji ambaton dangantakar dama ta waje da ta gida ga waɗancan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.
Wannan rushewar tsarin tsarin mulkin mallaka da hukumar yayi kyakkyawan barin Morales ya zama mai suturta shi azaman 'mayaƙin' fuska biyu wanda yake "bai wa talakawa amma yana karɓar daga muhalli" (A cikin wadannan Times, 8/27/15).
M Solidarity?
Crarshen ra'ayoyin da aka samu ta fuskoki da dama na ci gaba a cikin fage ya haifar da babban zargi na MAS game da rashin cika rayuwar maganganun gurguzu.
Rubuta a cikin Jacobin (1/12/14; kuma gani 10/29/15), Jeffrey Webber ya zargi MAS da gudanar da “matakin biyan diyya,” wanda haqqoqinsa “ke bayarwa ta hanyar bayar da bayanai ta hanyar amfani da jinin hakar.” A karkashin wannan juzu'i na "juyin juya hali mai muni," yanayin "azzalumai" da kuma tilastawa… 'yan adawa… da kuma gina wata dabarar dabaru don kare akidu da yawa. ”
Hujja mai amfani da yanar gizo ta yanar gizo wadda ke cewa gado na gwamnatin MAS ta Bolivia shine “sake tsarin neoliberalism"An kalubalanci masu sukar, wanda ma'ana zuwa canjin yanayin rukunin sojoji a karkashin Morales.
Yana nuna rashin gaskiya game da ikirarin Webber, abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa ya sadaukar da kusan ba sarari don bincika rawar da ƙasashen Yammacin Turai ke takawa wajen sake fasalin tsarin mulkin Bolivia da kuma hana yiwuwar hakan.
Maimakon haka, abin da aka fi maida hankali a kai a kai shi ne ga hukumar da ake zargi da tabarbarewa ta MAS 'da sunan "madadin kadara", da wuya kuma ga masu rajin kare hakkin mallaka na kasashen yamma, wadanda ba sa fitowa a matsayin mai sassaucin ra'ayi wajen bayyana kasawar juyin-juya-hali na Duniya ta Kudu.
Sakamakon siyasa na irin wannan binciken na gefe guda shine don daidaita "neoliberal" MAS tare da abokan hamayyarsa na dama, tunda, kamar yadda Webber ya ce, "Morales ya kasance mafi kyawu mai tsaro dare a kan kadarorin masu zaman kansu da al'amuran kuɗi fiye da dama zai iya fatan. "
Irin waɗannan layin na iya zama abin mamakin masu karatu na yanzu Jacobin, wanda ya nuna adawa sosai ga juyin mulkin (misali, 11/14/19, 11/18/19, 12/3/19), wanda zaluncin fascist ya jefa wa wata mas'ala ta daidaiton hagu / dama. Amma ya zuwa yanzu, an riga an gama lalacewa.
Lissafin anti-imperialist
Ga dukkan magana ta yanzu ta a sake koma baya na hagu a cikin Arewacin Duniya, lamari ne da ke nuna cewa ƙungiyoyi masu adawa da mulkin mallaka sun yi rauni yanzu fiye da yadda suke a ƙarshen Yakin Iraki 15 shekaru da suka gabata.
Ba zai yiwu ba a ce rashin fitowar masu adawa da sahun kasashen yamma, daga Libiya da Siriya zuwa Haiti da Honduras, ya share hanyar yin juyin mulki a Bolivia da kuma ci gaba da gaba da Venezuela.
Hakanan ba makawa a ce kafofin watsa labarai na ci gaba na kasashen yamma na gwamnatin Morales da takwarorinta na hagu a yankin ba su taimaka wajen gyara wannan rashin hadin kai ba. Wannan matsayin Edita yana da matukar tayar da hankali, ganin yadda Morales ya nuna takaici game da goyon bayan kasa da kasa kan shi canjin yanayi kuma don Sakin Palasdinawa.
Babu ko daya daga wannan shine don daukaka zargi da Morales da MAS. Lallai, a cikin yanayin wurare kamar Bolivia da Venezuela, aikin kafofin watsa labaru na hagu shine samar da mahimmancin bincike, game da jihohi da fitattun ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke adawa da mulkin mallaka a cikin abubuwan da suka dace. Wato, rikice-rikicen da ke da alaƙa da tsarin siyasa (alal misali, rikicin TIPNIS) dole ne a daidaita shi a cikin tsarin tsarin jari hujja na tsarin mulkin jari-hujja. Haka kuma, hanyoyin ci gaba na Arewa - komai tsananin sukar hukuma da tsarin siyasa - tilas ne su fito fili su kare gwamnatocin Kudancin Duniya game da tsoma bakin kasashen yamma.
Matsayi mai tsayi da aka dauka Jeremy Corbyn da kuma Bernie Sanders adawa da juyin mulki a Bolivia alamu ne na fatan alheri a fagen siyasa. Aikin cigaban aikin jarida shine samar da ingantaccen aikin jarida wanda ya sadaukar da kai sosai don tsayayya da daula.
