Ta Pat Elder, Oktoba 10, 2020
Sakamakon gwajin da aka fitar a wannan makon da Maryungiyar Ruwa ta Ruwa ta St Mary da Ma'aikatar Muhalli na Maryland (MDE) sun nuna manyan matakan cutar PFAS a cikin kawa da ruwan kogin da ke da alaƙa da amfani da sunadarai a Filin Jirgin Sama na Webster na Kogin Patuxent Tashar Jirgin Ruwa (Webster Field) a cikin St. Inigoes, Maryland. Ginin yana kusa da gefen kudu na St. Mary's County, MD.
Sakamakon bincike ya nuna kawa a cikin kogin ta hanyar Church Point da kuma a St. Inigoes Creek sun ƙunshi fiye da sassa 1,000 a cikin tiriliyan (ppt) na ƙwayoyin sunadarai masu guba. Eurofins, jagoran duniya a cikin gwajin PFAS ya binciko kawa. An gudanar da binciken ne a madadin ersungiyar ersungiyar Ruwa ta Kogin St. Mary da tallafin kuɗi daga Ma'aikatan Jama'a don Kula da Muhalli, ABOKI.
A halin yanzu, bayanan da MDE ta fitar ya nuna matakan PFAS a 13.45 ng / l (nanogram a kowace lita, ko sassan da tiriliyan) an same su a cikin ruwan kogin kimanin ƙafa 2,300 yamma da filin Webster. Dangane da waɗannan binciken, rahoton MDE, "Sakamakon binciken ƙimar lafiyar jama'a na PFAS don farfaɗowar ruwa a fili da kuma amfani da kawa sun yi ƙasa ƙwarai." Binciken ruwan da PFAS ya gurɓata a matakan irin wannan a wasu jihohi, duk da haka, ya nuna cewa rayuwar ruwa tana ɗauke da matakan gubobi masu yawa, saboda yanayin yawan ƙwayoyin sunadarai.
Wata kawa da aka tattara a Church Point a St. Mary's College of Maryland ta ƙunshi 1,100 ppt na 6: 2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, (FTSA) yayin da bivalves a cikin St. Inigoes Creek suka gurɓata da 800 ppt na Perfluorobutanoic acid, (PFBA) da 220 ppt na Perfluoropentanoic acid, (PFEA).
Manyan jami'an kiwon lafiyar kasar sun gargade mu kar a cinye sama da 1 ppt na gubobi a kowace rana a cikin ruwan sha. Magungunan sunadarai na PFAS suna da alaƙa da tarin cututtukan daji, rashin daidaito na tayi, da cututtukan yara, gami da autism, asma, da raunin ƙarancin hankali. Kada mutane su cinye waɗannan kawa, musamman mata waɗanda ke iya yin ciki.
A Maryland, alhakin kula da tsaftar kawa na kawa ya kasu kashi tsakanin hukumomin jihohi uku: Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Maryland (MDE), Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Kasa (DNR), da Ma'aikatar Kiwan Lafiya da Lafiyar Hauka (DHMH). Wadannan hukumomin sun kasa kare lafiyar jama'a yayin gwamnatin Trump EPA yana da daidaitattun ƙa'idodi game da cutar PFAS. Lokacin da jihohi suka shigar da karar Ma'aikatar Tsaro don sanya guba a abinci da ruwa, DOD ta amsa ta hanyar da'awar "kariya ta kasa" ma'ana suna da 'yancin gurbata hanyoyin ruwa saboda la'akari da tsaron kasa.
Dubawa Kimiyyar Kusa: Gurbataccen Kawa
Kodayake MDE ta ce babu wani abin tsoro kuma Jami'an rundunar sojan ruwa sun ce babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa cutar ta PFAS ta bazu fiye da tushenta, Dr. Daraktan Kyla Bennett PEER na Daraktan Manufofin Kimiyyar ya ce gwajin jihar ya yi iyaka don ikirarin akwai karamin lafiyar da ke hade da cinye kawa.
"Muna bukatar karin bayani," in ji ta.
Bisa ga Bay Jarida Bennett ya ce akwai kura-kurai a cikin gwajin jihar wanda ya karya lagonta na tantance hadari sosai ga lafiya. Misali, ta ce, gwajin MDE “ba zai iya daukar wani abu mai matukar wahala ba har ma da matakan sassa dubu da yawa a cikin tiriliyan. Bugu da ƙari, in ji ta, jihar kawai ta gwada dukkan samfurin ta ne don 14 daga cikin fiye da sanannun mahaɗan PFAS 8,000. ”
“Ganin cewa sun kasa gwada dukkanin 36 [PFAS mahadi] a duk shafukan su, ganin cewa iyakokin ganowa ta dabi’unsu suna da yawa, har zuwa sassan 10,000 a cikin kowane tiriliyan, don yanke shawarar cewa akwai karamin hadari, ina tsammanin rashin kulawa, "inji ta.
Kawa goma daga kogin St. Mary da aka samo akan soyayyen kawa a wani gidan cin abincin teku a yankin na iya ƙunsar giram 500 na kawa. Idan kowace kawa tana da ppt 1,000 na sinadaran PFAS, wannan daidai yake da kashi 1 cikin biliyan, wanda yake daidai yake da 1 nanogram a gram, (ng / g).
Don haka, 1 ng / gx 500 g (kawa 10) yayi daidai da 500 ng na PFAS.
A cikin rashin rashi na ƙa'idar tarayya da ta jiha, zamu iya neman Hukumar Tsaron Abincin Turai (EFSA) don jagora, kodayake yawancin jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun ce matakan PFAS ɗinsu yana da haɗari sosai. Ko da hakane, Turawan sun sha gaban Amurka wajen kare lafiyar jama'a daga ɓarnar waɗannan magungunan.
EFSA ta kafa Abincin Mako Mai Mahimmanci (TWI) a kan 4.4 nanogram a kowace kilogram na nauyin jiki. (4.4 ng / kg / wk) don sunadarai na PFAS a cikin abinci.
Don haka, wani wanda nauyinsa yakai fam 150 (kilo 68) zai iya “amintacce” cinye nanogram 300 kowane mako. (ng / wk) [kimanin 68 x 4.4] na sinadaran PFAS.
A ce wani yana cin abinci na soyayyen kawa 10 da nauyinsu ya kai gram 500 (.5 kilogiram) ɗauke da 500 ng / kg na sinadaran PFAS.
[.5 kilogiram na kawa x 1,000 ng PFAS / kg = 500 ngs na PFAS a cikin wannan abincin.]
Turawan sun ce bai kamata mu sha fiye da nanogram 300 a kowane mako na sinadaran PFAS ba, don haka, soyayyen kwanon oyster daya ya wuce wannan matakin. Idan muka bi ƙa'idar da ke da nauyin 1 ppt na yau da kullun wanda Harvard School of Health Public ko kuma Workingungiyar Aikin Muhalli ke ɗauka, za a iyakance mu ne mu cinye kawa ɗaya ta Maryamu ta Kogin kowane wata biyu. A halin yanzu, Maryland ta ce haɗarin lafiya daga waɗannan kawa "ya yi ƙasa ƙwarai."
Wannan rikice-rikicen na kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya ci gaba ne ta hanyar kafafen yada labarai wadanda ke yin biyayya ga watsa labarai na jihohi da na soja ba tare da wani nazari mai muhimmanci ba. Me jama'a ke tunani akasin haka? Mafi mahimmanci, wa ya kamata jama'a su amince da shi? Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard? Hukumar Tsaron Abincin Turai? ko Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Maryland da Republican ke gudanarwa tare da rikodin rikodin abin da ya shafi kula da muhalli da ke aiki a karkashin rusasshiyar EPA?
Kada ku ci kawan.
EFSA ya ce wannan asusun "kifi da sauran abincin teku" har zuwa 86% na tasirin PFAS na abinci a cikin manya. Mafi yawan wannan fallasa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar yin sakaci da amfani da kumfar wuta a sansanonin soja tun daga farkon shekarun 1970. Abincin da aka tsiro daga filayen da aka ɗora daga PFAS wanda aka ɗora daga rukunin sojoji da rukunin masana'antu, gurɓataccen ruwan sha daga tushe guda, da kuma kayayyakin masarufi da yawa daga cikin ragowar hanyoyin da ke ba da gudummawar shigar da PFAS na jama'a.
don amfani da tambarin Tashar Jirgin Ruwa Naval na Patuxent.
Duba Kimiyyar Kimiyyar: Ruwan Ruwa
Bayanin da MDE ta fitar wanda ke nuna matakan 13.45 ng / l a cikin Kogin Maryamu kusa da filin Webster sun fi tayar da hankali saboda suna nuna mummunar gurbatar duk rayuwar halittar ruwa a cikin ruwan. Da matsakaicin matakin izini na PFAS a Tarayyar Turai is .13 ng / l a cikin ruwan teku. Matakan da ke cikin Kogin Maryamu sun ninka sau 103 wannan matakin.
In Tafkin Monoma, Wisconsin, kusa da Filin Jirgin Sama na Jirgin Sama na Truax, ruwa ya gurɓata da 15 ng / l na PFAS. Hukumomi sun taƙaita cin irin kifin, pike, bass, da perch a abinci ɗaya a wata, kodayake da yawa daga cikin jami'an kiwon lafiya sun ce barin cin abinci ba shi da alhakin.
A cikin yankin Kudu Bay na San Francisco Bay, ruwan teku ya ƙunshi jimlar 10.87 ng / l na sinadaran PFAS. (ƙasa da St. Mary's) Duba Table 2a. An samo ƙwanƙwasa a 5.25 ng / g, ko 5,250 ppt. An samo wani jirgin ruwa mai suna Pacific Staghorn Sculpin a cikin wannan yankin da 241,000 ppt. na PFAS. Hakanan, a Eden Landing a San Francisco Bay, an sami ruwa dauke da 25.99 ng / l, yayin daya bivalve yana da pam 76,300 na gubobi.
A cikin New Jersey, tafkin Echo Lake yana da 24.3 ng / l kuma an sami Kogin Cohansey yana da 17.9 ng / l na jimlar PFAS. An sami Largemouth Bass a cikin tafkin Echo Lake Reservoir wanda ke dauke da 5,120 ppt na jimlar PFAS yayin da Kogin Cohansey yana da White Perch mai ɗauke da p3,040 na PFAS. Akwai wadatattun bayanai daga jihohin da suka fi lafiyar Maryland nesa ba kusa ba. Abin lura anan shine yawancin waɗannan sunadarai na PFAS suna tattare da rayuwar rayuwa da cikin mutane.
A cikin 2002, wani binciken da ya bayyana a cikin mujallar, Gurɓatar da Muhalli da Toxicology ya ba da rahoto a kan samfurin kawa wannan ya ƙunshi 1,100 ng / g ko 1,100,000 ppt na PFOS, sanannen sanannen PFAS “sunadarai na har abada.” An tattara kawa a Hog Point a cikin Chesapeake Bay, kimanin ƙafa 3,000 daga titin jirgin zuwa tashar jirgin saman Naval na Patuxent. A yau, sabon rahoto daga MDE wannan samfurin samfurin ruwa da oysters a cikin yanki ɗaya don PFAS sun sami "babu matakan damuwa."
