By David Swanson
Ana kiran Chris sabon kyakkyawan littafi Ba zato ba tsammani Adalci: Sirrin Yaƙin Amurka na Siriya. Takardun ya fito ne daga iƙirarin da Shugaba George W. Bush ya yi a lokacin-yaƙe-yaƙe. Littafin yana nuna labarin rashin adalci. Hanyar daga gwamnatin Amurka da ta yanke hukunci a matsayin laifi ta irin kisan da ake yi wa drones da aka yi amfani da ita ga wanda ke yin irin wannan kashe-kashen kamar yadda doka ta kasance da ka'ida ta kasance mai sauƙi da kuma cikakkiyar tsari.
Kisan Drone ya fara ne a watan Oktoba 2001 kuma, yawanci ya isa, yajin farko ya kashe mutanen da ba daidai ba. Wasan zargi ya ƙunshi gwagwarmaya don iko tsakanin Sojan Sama, CENTCOM, da CIA. Wauta ta gwagwarmaya za a iya fitar da ita ta hanyar sauya jawabin "Ka yi tunanin cewa ku barewa" a cikin fim ɗin My Cousin Vinny: Ka yi tunanin kai ɗan Irak ne Kuna tafiya tare, kuna jin ƙishirwa, kun tsaya don shan ruwan sha mai kyau… BAM! Wani makami mai linzami na fuckin yana lalata ku zuwa yankakku. Inswakwalwarku tana rataye a kan bishiya a ƙananan yankuna masu jini! Yanzu na tambaya. Shin za ku iya ba da tallafi wacce hukumar ce ɗan ɓarna da ya harbe ku tana aiki?
Amma duk da haka karin hankali ya shiga cikin wace hukuma ce ke yin abin fiye da yadda mafi kyau don riya duk doka ce. Shugabannin kungiyar CIA sun fara samun umarnin kisan maimakon kamawa, kuma haka ne suka yi. Kamar yadda ba shakka Sojojin Sama da na Soja suka yi. Wannan sabon abu ne lokacin da ya shafi kisan takamaiman mutane, masu suna sabanin adadi mai yawa na makiya da ba a ambata sunayensu ba. A cewar Paul Pillar, mataimakin shugaban cibiyar yaki da ta'addanci ta CIA a karshen shekarun 1990, “Akwai tunanin cewa Fadar White House ba ta son sanyawa a fili a kan wani abu da za a gani a matsayin izini na kisan kai, amma a maimakon haka ya fi son wink-da-nod don kashe bin Laden. "
A farkon watannin Bush-Cheney, Sojan Sama da CIA kowannensu yana gwagwarmaya don aiwatar da shirin kisan gilla a kan ɗayan. Babu wanda ya so ya ƙarasa cikin tarin matsaloli don wani abu da ya saba doka. Bayan 11 ga Satumba, Bush ya gaya wa Tenet cewa CIA na iya ci gaba da kisan mutane ba tare da neman izininsa kowane lokaci ba. Misali ɗaya don wannan shine shirin kisan gillar da Isra'ila ta yi niyya, wanda gwamnatin Amurka ta yi Allah wadai da shi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba har zuwa 9-11-2001. Tsohon dan majalisar dattijan Amurka George Mitchell shi ne babban marubucin wani rahoton gwamnatin Amurka a watan Afrilu na 2001 wanda ya ce ya kamata Isra’ila ta daina kuma ta daina, kuma ya soki aikin nata da rashin bambance zanga-zanga da ta’addanci.
Ta yaya gwamnatin Amurka ta tashi daga can zuwa "Sashin Tsaron Cikin Gida" wanda ke horar da 'yan sandan yankin don daukar masu zanga-zangar a matsayin' yan ta'adda? Amsar ita ce: sannu-sannu da asali ta hanyar canjin halaye da al'adu maimakon ta hanyar doka ko hukuncin kotu. A ƙarshen 2002, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ana yi mata tambayoyi a cikin taron manema labarai game da dalilin da ya sa ta la'anci kisan Isra'ila amma ba irin na Amurka ba. Me yasa ma'auni biyu? Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ba ta da amsar komai, kuma kawai ta daina sukar Isra'ila. Gwamnatin Amurka ta yi shiru tsawon shekaru, duk da haka, game da gaskiyar cewa wasu daga cikin mutanen da take kisan 'yan ƙasar Amurka ne. Ba a riga an shirya tushe yadda ya kamata don jama'a su haɗiye wannan ba.
Wasu kashi uku cikin huɗu na hare-haren jiragen saman Amurka sun kasance a wuraren da ake tsammani. A matsayin wani makami a tsakanin mutane da yawa a yakin da ake ciki, drones masu dauke da makamai sun kasance masu daukar doka da oda ta lauyoyi da kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama a duk fadin karamin yanki na bil'adama wanda gwamnatocinsa ke aikata kisan gilla - gami da "Majalisar Dinkin Duniya" da ke kula da wadanda gwamnatoci. Abin da ya sa yaƙe-yaƙe ya zama doka ba a taɓa bayyana shi ba, amma wannan ƙarancin hannu ya kasance ƙofar ƙofar don karɓar kashe-kashen mutane. Sai kawai lokacin da jiragen suka kashe mutane a wasu ƙasashe inda babu yaƙi, cewa duk wani lauya - gami da wasu 750 waɗanda kwanan nan suka sanya hannu a wata takarda don nuna goyon baya ga barin Harold Koh (wanda ya ba da izinin kisan gilla ga Ma'aikatar Gwamnati) don koyar da abin da ake kira dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam a Jami'ar New York - ya ga duk wata buƙata ta haɗu da hujjoji. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba ta ba da izinin yaƙe-yaƙe a Afghanistan ko Iraki ko Libya ba, ba wai za ta iya yin hakan ba a karkashin yarjejeniyar Kellogg Briand, amma duk da haka an ɗauki yaƙe-yaƙe ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a matsayin halatta yawancin kisan gilla. Daga can, ɗan ƙaramar ilimin sassaucin ra'ayi na iya “halatta” sauran.
Asma Jahangir ta Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ayyana kisan gilla da ba na yaki ba a karshen 2002. Mai binciken Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (kuma abokin aikin matar Tony Blair) Ben Emmerson ya lura cewa a ganin Amurka, yaki na iya tafiya yanzu a duniya zuwa duk inda mugaye suka tafi, don haka yin kisan gilla a ko'ina sai kawai ya sabawa doka kamar sauran yaƙe-yaƙe, ƙa'idodinsa wanda babu wanda ya tsinana masa komai. A zahiri, ra'ayin CIA, kamar yadda Babban Lauyan CIA Caroline Krass ya bayyana a Majalisar a cikin 2013, shi ne cewa ana iya keta yarjejeniyoyi da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa yadda ake so, yayin da kawai dokokin Amurka na gida ake buƙata. (Kuma, tabbas, dokokin Amurka na cikin gida game da kisan kai a Amurka na iya zama kamar dokokin Pakistan ko Yemen na cikin gida game da kisan kai a Pakistan ko Yemen, amma kamannin ba ainihi ba ne, kuma dokokin Amurka ne kawai ke da matsala.)
Acceptancearin karɓar kisan gilla a tsakanin lauyoyin mulkin mallaka na Yammacin Turai ya haifar da duk ƙoƙarin da ake yi na daidaita laifukan a gefuna: daidaitawa, ƙaddara hankali, da dai sauransu. Amma “daidaito” koyaushe yana cikin idanun mai kisan. An kashe Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, tare da wasu mutane marasa laifi, lokacin da Stanley McChrystal ya bayyana cewa "daidai ne" a fasa gidan duka don kashe mutum daya. Ya kasance? Shin ba haka bane? Babu ainihin amsa. Bayyana kashe-kashen “daidai gwargwado” magana ce kawai da lauyoyi suka gaya wa 'yan siyasa da janar-janar don neman a yanka mutum. A wani harin jirgi mara matuki a 2006, CIA ta kashe wasu mutane 80 da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba, yawancinsu yara. Ben Emmerson ya nuna rashin jin daɗi. Amma batun "daidaito" ba a tashe shi ba, saboda ba shi da lafazin taimako a wannan yanayin. A lokacin mamayar Iraki, kwamandojin Amurka za su iya shirya ayyukan da suke tsammanin za su kashe mutane marasa laifi 30, amma idan suna tsammanin 31 suna buƙatar sa Donald Rumsfeld ya sanya hannu a kai. Wannan ita ce irin ƙa'idar da doka ta tanada game da kisan gillar da ba ta dace ba, musamman ma da zarar an sake bayyana kowane “tsoho ɗan soja” a matsayin abokin gaba. CIA har ma tana ɗaukar mata da yara marasa laifi a matsayin abokan gaba, a cewar New York Times.
Yayinda kashe-kashen da aka kashe a hankali ya yadu a lokacin shekarun Bush-Cheney (daga baya ya faru sosai a lokacin shekarun Obama) matsayi da fayil na jin dadin raba bidiyo. Ma'aikatan sunyi kokarin dakatar da aikin. Sa'an nan kuma suka fara sake sakin bidiyo yayin da suke ajiye dukkan sauran ɓoye.
Kamar yadda al'adar kisan mutane da jirage marasa matuka a cikin kasashe inda tutar "yaki" ba ta amince da kisan kiyashi ba ya zama na yau da kullun, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama kamar Amnesty International sun fara bayyana karara cewa Amurka tana karya doka. Amma tsawon shekaru, wannan ingantaccen harshe ya dushe, ya maye gurbinsa da shakka da rashin tabbas. A zamanin yau, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam suna yin rubuce-rubuce da yawa na kisan gillar wadanda ba su da laifi sannan kuma suka ayyana su da cewa ba doka ba dangane da ko suna cikin yakin, tare da tambayar ko kisan a wata kasa wani bangare ne na yakin da aka bude a matsayin mai yuwuwa, kuma tare da amsar tana nan bisa dogaro da yadda gwamnati ke kaddamar da jiragen.
A karshen shekarun Bush-Cheney, ana tsammanin an canza dokokin CIA daga kaddamar da hare-haren kisan gilla a duk lokacin da suke da damar kashi 90% na "nasara" zuwa duk lokacin da suke da damar kashi 50%. Kuma yaya aka auna wannan? A zahiri an kawar da shi ta hanyar “yajin aiki” wanda ana kashe mutane ba tare da sanin ainihin wanene su kwata-kwata ba. Ita kuwa Burtaniya a nata bangaren, ta share hanyar kisan ‘yan kasar ta hanyar kwace musu‘ yan kasa kamar yadda ake bukata.
Duk wannan ya ci gaba a ɓoye na hukuma, ma'ana sananne ne ga duk wanda ya kula ya sani, amma bai kamata a yi maganarsa ba. Memba mafi dadewa a kwamitin kula da Jamusanci ya yarda cewa gwamnatocin Yammacin sun dogara ne da kafafen yada labarai don gano abin da 'yan leken asirinsu da sojoji ke yi.
Zuwan Kyaftin Kyauta na Kyauta a Fadar White House ya ɗauki kisan gilla a wani sabon matakin, ya dagula al'ummomi kamar Yemen, da kuma ɗora kan marasa laifi a cikin sabbin hanyoyi, gami da niyya ga masu ceto waɗanda suka iso wurin zubar da jini na wani yajin aiki na farko. Koma baya kan Amurka da aka karba, kazalika da busa baya ga yawan mutanen gida da kungiyoyin da ke ikirarin daukar matakin ramuwar gayya game da kisan gillar Amurka. Lalacewar jirage marasa matuka da suka yi a wurare kamar Libya a lokacin kifar da gwamnatin Amurka da NATO a 2011 ba a ga dalilin komawa baya ba, amma a matsayin dalilin da ya sa har yanzu ake kashe karin jirage. Karuwar rikice-rikice a kasar Yemen, wanda masu sa ido suka yi hasashe game da illolin da jiragen ke kaiwa, Obama ya ce nasara ce. Matukan jirgi marasa matuka yanzu suna kashe kansu kuma suna fuskantar halin ɗabi'a da yawa, amma babu juyawa. Mafi rinjaye na 90% a cikin Tattaunawar Kasa ta Yemen yana son jiragen sama masu ɗauke da makamai su zama laifi, amma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta so ƙasashen duniya su sayi jiragen ma.
Maimakon kawo ƙarshen ko sake mayar da shirin kisan-gillar, Fadar Obama ta White House ta fara kare shi a bainar jama'a da kuma tallata rawar da Shugaban ƙasar ke takawa wajen ba da izinin kisan. Ko kuma aƙalla wannan ita ce hanya bayan Harold Koh da ƙungiya ƙungiya sun gano yadda daidai suke so su yi kamar sun “halalta” kisan kai. Ko da Ben Emmerson ya ce ya dauki su tsawan lokaci saboda har yanzu ba su gano irin uzurin da za su yi amfani da shi ba. Shin kasashe da yawa yanzu da ke mallakar jiragen sama marasa ƙarfi suna buƙatar uzuri ko kaɗan?
