Wakilin Amurka a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Robert Wood ya daga hannu ya ki amincewa da kudurin kwamitin tsaro na neman tsagaita wuta a Gaza. Hoto Credit: Charly Triballeau/AFP
Daga Medea Benjamin da Nicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, Disamba 13, 2023
A ranar Juma'a, 8 ga watan Disamba, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Majalisar Tsaro haduwa a karkashin doka ta 99 a karo na hudu kawai a tarihin MDD. Mataki na 99 wani tanadi ne na gaggawa wanda ya baiwa Sakatare Janar damar kiran majalisar don mayar da martani ga rikicin da ke barazanar wanzar da zaman lafiya da tsaro a duniya. Lokutan da suka gabata sun hada da mamayar da Belgium ta yi wa Kongo a shekarar 1960, rikicin garkuwa da mutane a ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Iran a shekarar 1979 da yakin basasar Lebanon a shekarar 1989.
Sakatare Janar Antonio Guterres ya gaya Kwamitin Sulhu wanda ya kira Mataki na 99 don neman "tsagaita bude wuta nan da nan" a Gaza saboda "muna cikin tsaka mai wuya," tare da "haɗari mai girma na rugujewar tsarin tallafin jin kai a Gaza." Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta shirya wani kuduri na tsagaita bude wuta wanda cikin sauri ya samu masu bada tallafi 97.
Hukumar samar da abinci ta duniya ta bayar da rahoton cewa, Gaza na gab da fuskantar yawan jama'a yunwa, tare da kashi 9 cikin 10 na mutanen da ke shafe tsawon kwanaki ba tare da abinci ba. A cikin kwanaki biyu kafin Guterres ya yi amfani da doka ta 99, Rafah ita ce daya tilo daga cikin gundumomi biyar na Gaza da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya za ta iya kai kowane irin taimako.
Sakatare Janar ya jaddada cewa "Zaluncin da Hamas ke yi ba zai taba tabbatar da hukuncin gama-gari na al'ummar Palasdinu ba. Wajibi ne a kan kowane bangare daidai-wa-daida a kowane lokaci, kuma wajabcin kiyaye shi ba ya dogara ne a kan ramako”.
Mr. Guterres ya kammala da cewa, "Mutanen Gaza na duba cikin rami mai zurfi ... Idanun duniya - da idanun tarihi - suna kallo. Lokaci ya yi da za a yi aiki.”
Wakilan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun gabatar da kiraye-kirayen rarrashi, na tsagaita bude wuta na jin kai cikin gaggawa wanda kudurin ya bukaci a yi, kuma Majalisar ta kada kuri'a goma sha uku ga daya, inda Birtaniya ta kaurace, ta amince da kudurin. Sai dai kuri'ar da Amurka ta ki amincewa da ita, daya daga cikin kasashe biyar masu rike da madafun iko a kwamitin sulhun, ta kashe kudurin, wanda ya sa majalisar ta gaza yin aiki kamar yadda babban sakataren ya yi gargadin cewa dole ne.
Wannan shi ne karo na goma sha shida na Majalisar Tsaron Amurka tun shekara ta 2000 - kuma goma sha hudu daga ciki vetoes sun kasance don kare Isra'ila da/ko manufofin Amurka kan Isra'ila da Falasdinu daga mataki na kasa da kasa ko alhaki. Yayin da Rasha da China suka yi watsi da kudurori kan batutuwa daban-daban a duniya, daga Myanmar zuwa Venezuela, babu kamar yadda Amurka ta yi amfani da veto na musamman wajen samar da wani hukunci na musamman a karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa ga wata kasa.
Da kyar sakamakon wannan veto zai iya zama mafi tsanani. Kamar yadda jakadan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Brazil Sérgio França Danese ya shaida wa Majalisar, idan da Amurka ba ta ki amincewa da wani kuduri na baya da Brazil ta tsara a ranar 18 ga Oktoba ba, “da an ceci dubban rayuka.” Kuma kamar yadda wakilin Indonesiya ya yi tambaya, “Mutane nawa ne za su mutu kafin a dakatar da wannan farmakin? 20,000? 50,000? 100,000?"
Bayan da Amurka ta ki amincewa da tsagaita bude wuta a komitin sulhu a baya, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta dauki matakin tsagaita wuta a duniya, da kudurin da kasar Jordan ta dauki nauyi. ya wuce da kuri'u 120 zuwa 14, yayin da 45 suka ki amincewa. Kananan kasashe 12 da suka kada kuri'a tare da Amurka da Isra'ila suna wakiltar kasa da kashi 1% na al'ummar duniya.
Matsayin diflomasiyyar keɓe da Amurka ta samu kanta a ciki yakamata ya zama abin farkawa, musamman ma wanda ya zo mako guda bayan wani ƙididdiga na Data For Progress ya gano cewa kashi 66% na Amurkawa. goyan tsagaita wuta, yayin da kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a ta Mariiv ta gano hakan kawai 29% 'Yan Isra'ila sun goyi bayan farmakin da ke shirin kai wa Gaza.
Bayan da Amurka ta sake yin tir da kofar Kwamitin Sulhun a fuskar Falasdinu a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, matsananciyar bukatar kawo karshen kisan kiyashin da ake yi a Gaza ta koma zauren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba. Wani kuduri iri daya ne ga wanda Amurka ta ki amincewa da shi a kwamitin sulhun shi ne. kuri'u 153 zuwa 10 ne suka amince da shi, tare da karin kuri'u 33 na eh fiye da na watan Oktoba. Duk da yake kudurorin Majalisar ba su da nauyi, suna da nauyin siyasa, kuma wannan na aikewa da sako karara cewa al'ummar duniya sun kyamaci kisan gillar da ake yi a Gaza.
Wani kayan aiki mai ƙarfi da duniya za ta iya amfani da shi don ƙoƙarin tilasta kawo ƙarshen wannan kisan kiyashi shine Taron kisan kare dangi, wanda Isra'ila da Amurka suka amince da shi. Yana daukan kasa daya ne kawai don gabatar da kara a gaban kotun kasa da kasa (ICJ) a karkashin yarjejeniyar, kuma yayin da shari'o'in za su iya daukar shekaru, ICJ na iya daukar matakan farko na kare wadanda abin ya shafa.
A ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2020, Kotun ta yi daidai wannan a shari'ar da Gambiya ta shigar a kan Myanmar, inda ake zargin kisan kiyashin da ake yi wa tsirarun 'yan Rohingya. A wani kazamin yakin da sojoji suka kai a karshen shekarar 2017, Myanmar ta kashe dubun dubatan ‘yan kabilar Rohingya tare da kona kauyuka da dama. 'Yan Rohingya 740,000 ne suka tsere zuwa Bangladesh, kuma wata tawagar bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta gano cewa 600,000 da suka rage a Myanmar "na iya fuskantar babbar barazanar kisan kiyashi fiye da kowane lokaci."
Kasar Sin ta ki amincewa da mikawa kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya ICC a kwamitin sulhu, don haka kasar Gambia da kanta ke farfadowa daga mulkin danniya na tsawon shekaru 20, ta mika kara ga kotun ICJ karkashin yarjejeniyar kisan kare dangi.
Hakan ya bude kofa ga yanke hukunci guda 17 da alkalai XNUMX a kotun ICJ suka yanke na cewa dole ne Myanmar ta hana kisan kiyashi a kan Rohingya, kamar yadda yarjejeniyar kisan kare dangi ta bukata. Kotun ta ICJ ta bayar da wannan hukuncin a matsayin matakin kariya, kwatankwacin umarnin farko a wata kotun cikin gida, duk da cewa hukuncin da ta yanke kan ingancin karar na iya shafe shekaru masu yawa. Har ila yau, ta umarci Myanmar da ta gabatar da rahoto ga Kotun duk bayan watanni shida don yin cikakken bayani game da yadda take kare 'yan Rohingya, wanda ke nuna cewa ana ci gaba da bin diddigin halin Myanmar.
Don haka wace kasa ce za ta kara kaimi wajen gabatar da shari’ar ICJ a kan Isra’ila a karkashin yarjejeniyar kisan kare dangi? Tuni masu fafutuka ke tattaunawa da kasashe da dama. TushenAction da World BEYOND War sun halitta wani faɗakarwar aiki wanda za ku iya amfani da shi don aika saƙonni zuwa 10 daga cikin masu neman takara (Afirka ta Kudu, Chile, Colombia, Jordan, Ireland, Belize, Turkiye, Bolivia, Honduras da Brazil).
Haka kuma an yi kara matsa lamba akan kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa da za ta fara shari'ar Isra'ila. Kotun ta ICC ta yi gaggawar binciki Hamas kan laifukan yaki, amma ta dade tana jan kafa wajen gudanar da bincike kan Isra'ila. Bayan wata ziyara da ya kai yankin na baya-bayan nan, mai shigar da kara na kotun ICC, Karim Khan, Isra'ila ta hana shi shiga Gaza, kuma Falasdinawa sun soki shi kan ziyartar yankunan da Hamas ta kai wa hari a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, amma bai kai ziyara daruruwan haramtattun matsugunan Isra'ila, wuraren bincike da kuma 'yan gudun hijira ba. sansanoni a yankin Yammacin Kogin Jordan da aka mamaye.
Duk da haka, muddin duniya ta fuskanci mummunan cin zarafi da cin zarafi da Amurka ke yi wa cibiyoyi, sauran kasashen duniya sun dogara ne kan aiwatar da dokokin kasa da kasa, ayyukan tattalin arziki da diflomasiyya na daidaikun kasashe na iya yin tasiri fiye da jawaban da suka yi a New York. .
Yayin da a tarihi akwai kasashe kusan dozin biyu da ba su amince da Isra'ila ba, a cikin watanni biyu da suka gabata, Belize da Bolivia sun yanke hulda da Isra'ila, yayin da wasu -Bahrain, Chadi, Chile, Colombia, Honduras, Jordan da Turkiya - ke da. janye jakadunsu.
Sauran ƙasashe suna ƙoƙarin samun ta hanyoyi biyu - suna la'antar Isra'ila a bainar jama'a amma suna kiyaye muradun tattalin arzikinsu. A Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Masar bayyane ya zargi Isra'ila da kisan kare dangi da kuma Amurka da kawo cikas ga tsagaita bude wuta.
Amma duk da haka kawancen da Masar ta dade tana yi da Isra'ila a kan killace Gaza da kuma ci gaba da rawar da take takawa, har ma a yau, wajen takaita shigar da kayan agajin jin kai zuwa Gaza ta mashigin kan iyakarta, ya sanya ta shiga cikin kisan kiyashin da ta yi Allah wadai da shi. Idan har abin da ta ce ke nufi, to dole ne ta bude mashigar kan iyakokinta ga duk wani taimakon jin kai da ake bukata, ta kawo karshen hadin gwiwar da take yi da shingen da Isra'ila ke yi, sannan ta sake yin la'akari da dangantakar da ke tsakaninta da Isra'ila da Amurka.
Qatar, wadda ta yi aiki tukuru wajen yin shawarwarin tsagaita bude wuta da Isra'ila ta yi a Gaza, ta yi kaurin suna wajen yin tir da kisan kiyashin da Isra'ila ke yi a kwamitin sulhu. Sai dai Qatar na magana ne a madadin kungiyar hadin kan kasashen yankin Gulf da suka hada da Saudiyya, Bahrain da kuma Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE). A karkashin abin da ake kira yarjejeniyar Ibrahim, shehunnan Bahrain da UAE sun juya wa Falasdinu baya don sanya hannu kan wata mummunar huldar kasuwanci ta cin gashin kai da dala miliyan dari. cinikin makamai da Isra'ila.
A birnin New York, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta dauki nauyin kudurin kwamitin sulhu na baya-bayan nan da bai yi nasara ba, da wakilinsa ayyana, “Tsarin kasa da kasa yana tashe-tashen hankula. Don wannan alamun yaƙin da zai iya yin daidai, bin dokokin jin kai na ƙasa da ƙasa ya dogara da ainihin wanda aka azabtar da wanda ya aikata laifin. "
Kuma duk da haka UAE ko Bahrain ba su yi watsi da mu'amalarsu da Ibrahim da Isra'ila ba, ko matsayinsu a Amurka "zai iya yin daidai" manufofin da suka haifar da barna a Gabas ta Tsakiya shekaru da yawa. Sama da jami'an sojin saman Amurka dubu da kuma wasu da dama daga cikin jiragen yakin Amurka na ci gaba da zama a sansanin sojin sama na Al-Dhafra da ke Abu Dhabi, yayin da Manama da ke Bahrain, wanda sojojin ruwan Amurka ke amfani da shi tun a shekarar 1941, ya kasance hedikwatar rundunar sojin Amurka ta biyar. .
Masana da yawa sun kwatanta wariyar launin fata Isra'ila zuwa wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Jawabin da aka yi a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na iya taimakawa wajen durkusar da mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, amma ba a samu sauyi ba sai da kasashen duniya suka amince da yakin duniya na mayar da ita saniyar ware a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa.
Dalilin da ya sa masu goyon bayan Isra'ila a Amurka suka yi ƙoƙari su haramta, ko ma aikata laifuka, yakin kauracewa, karkatar da takunkumi (BDS) ba wai haramun ba ne ko kuma nuna kyama. Daidai ne saboda kauracewa, takunkumi da ficewa daga Isra'ila na iya zama dabarar da za ta taimaka wajen kawo karshen kisan kiyashi, fadada mulkinta da kuma rashin kishinta.
Wakilin Madadin Amurka a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Robert Wood ya gaya Kwamitin Sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce akwai "babban dangantaka tsakanin tattaunawar da muke yi a wannan zauren da kuma hakikanin abin da ke faruwa a kasa" a Gaza, yana mai nuni da cewa ra'ayin Isra'ila da Amurka kawai game da rikicin ya cancanci a dauki shi da muhimmanci.
Amma ainihin abin da ya haifar da wannan rikicin shi ne wanda ke tsakanin siyasar Amurka da Isra'ila keɓe kai da kuma ainihin duniyar da ke kukan tsagaita wuta da adalci ga Falasɗinawa.
Yayin da Isra'ila da bama-bamai da Amurka ke kashewa tare da raunata dubban mutanen da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba, sauran kasashen duniya na mamakin wadannan. laifuka a kan bil'adama. Hare-hare daga tushe na kawo karshen kisan kiyashin na ci gaba da bunkasa, amma dole ne shugabannin kasashen duniya su wuce kuri'u da ba su dace ba, da bincike kan kauracewa kayayyakin Isra'ila, da sanya takunkumin sayar da makamai, da karya huldar diflomasiyya da sauran matakan da za su mayar da Isra'ila ta zama kasa ta farko a duniya. mataki.
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