Jamus: An kunyata Makaman Nukiliyar Amurka a Muhawarar wideasa

Muna buƙatar muhawara ta jama'a… game da ma'ana da rashin hankali na hana makaman nukiliya.

-Rolf Mutzenich, shugaban jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Jamus

Sanarwar da jama'a suka yi game da makaman nukiliyar Amurka da aka tura a cikin Jamus ya zama cikin muhawara mai ƙarfi a duk ƙasar a wannan bazarar da bazarar da ta gabata ta mai da hankali ne kan makircin rikice-rikicen da aka sani ta hanyar diflomasiyya ta hanyar "raba makaman nukiliya" ko "sa hannun nukiliya."

Roland Hipp, wani manajan darakta na GreenPeace Jamus, ya rubuta a wata kasida ta watan Yuni ga jaridar Welt.

Bama-baman Nukiliya 20 na Amurka da aka jibge a sansanin jiragen sama na Büchel na Jamus ya zama abin da ba a yarda da su ba, ta yadda manyan 'yan siyasa da shugabannin addini suka bi sahun kungiyoyin da ke yaki da yaki da nufin kawar da su, kuma sun yi alkawarin mayar da makaman a matsayin yakin neman zabe a zaben kasa na shekara mai zuwa.

Muhawarar jama'a ta yau da aka yi a Jamus ta yiwu majalisar dokokin Belgium ce ta sa a gaba, wanda a ranar 16 ga watan Janairun da ya gabata ya kusa kori makaman Amurka da aka jibge a sansanin sojin sama na Kleine Brogel. Ta hanyar kuri'ar kuri'a 74 zuwa 66, da kyar mambobin suka yi nasara kan wani matakin da ya umurci gwamnati "ta tsara, da wuri-wuri, taswirar da ke nufin janye makaman nukiliya a yankin Belgium." Muhawarar ta zo ne bayan da kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar ya amince da kudirin da ke neman a kwashe duka makaman daga kasar Belgium, da kuma amincewa da kasar da yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ta haramta amfani da makamin nukiliya.

Maye gurbin Jiragen Yaƙin Yaƙi Ya Ƙirƙirar ɗaukar Bama-bamai na Amurka

Komawa a Jamus, ministar tsaro Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer ta tayar da hayaniya a ranar 19 ga Afrilu bayan wani rahoto a Der Spiegel ya ce ta aika imel da shugaban Pentagon Mark Esper yana mai cewa Jamus na shirin siyan Boeing 45 F-18 Super Hornets. Kalaman nata sun kawo kuka daga Bundestag kuma ministar ta mayar da martani ga ikirari nata, inda ta shaida wa manema labarai ranar 22 ga Afrilu, “Ba a yanke shawara ba (a kan wane irin jirage za a zabi) kuma, a kowane hali, ma’aikatar ba za ta iya yanke wannan shawarar ba-kawai. majalisa za ta iya."

Kwanaki tara bayan haka, a wata hira da jaridar Tagesspiegel da aka buga a ranar 3 ga Mayu, Rolf Mützenich, shugaban majalisar dokokin Jamus na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) - memba na kawancen gwamnatin Angela Merkel - ya bayyana karara.

Mützenich ya ce, "makamin nukiliya a yankin Jamus ba ya inganta tsaronmu, sabanin haka," suna lalata shi, kuma ya kamata a cire shi, in ji Mützenich, ya kara da cewa yana adawa da duka "tsawaita aikin nukiliya" da kuma "maye gurbin dabarar makaman nukiliyar Amurka. An adana shi a Büchel tare da sabbin shugabannin makaman nukiliya."

Ambaton Mützenich na "sababbin" shugabannin yakin yana magana ne game da gina daruruwan sabbin bama-bamai na nukiliya na farko - B61-12 - wanda aka saita zuwa kasashe biyar na NATO a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, tare da maye gurbin. An bayar da rahoton cewa B61-3s, 4s, da 11s sun tsaya a Turai yanzu.

Cikin gaggawa shugaban jam'iyyar SPD Norbert Walter-Borjähn ya amince da kalaman Mützenich, inda ya amince cewa a janye bama-baman da Amurka ke yi, kuma nan take ministan harkokin wajen kasar Heiko Mass, jami'an diflomasiyyar Amurka a Turai, da kuma sakatare janar na NATO Jens Stoltenberg suka yi suka kai tsaye.

Da yake tsammanin koma baya, Mützenich ya buga cikakken tsaro game da matsayinsa na Mayu 7 a cikin Jarida don Siyasa da Al'umma ta Duniya, [1] inda ya yi kira ga "muhawara game da makomar raba makaman nukiliya da kuma tambayar ko Amurka ta kafa makaman nukiliya. a Jamus da Turai suna haɓaka matakin aminci ga Jamus da Turai, ko kuma watakila sun zama bazuwar yanzu ta fuskar soja da manufofin tsaro."

Mützenich ya rubuta "Muna buƙatar muhawarar jama'a… game da ma'ana da shirme na hana makaman nukiliya."

Stoltenberg na NATO cikin gaggawa ya rubuta wani martani ga May 11 Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, ta yin amfani da yadudduka na shekaru 50 game da "hargitsin Rasha" da kuma iƙirarin cewa raba makaman nukiliya yana nufin "aboki, kamar Jamus, yanke shawarar haɗin gwiwa kan manufofin nukiliya da tsare-tsare ..., da" ba abokan [s] murya kan batutuwan nukiliya da ba za su samu ba."

Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne, kamar yadda Mutzenich ya bayyana a cikin takardarsa, yana mai kira da "almara" cewa abokan Amurka suna tasiri dabarun nukiliya na Pentagon. "Babu wani tasiri ko ma maganar da kasashe da ba na nukiliya ba suke yi kan dabarun nukiliya ko ma yiwuwar amfani da makaman nukiliya. Wannan ba komai ba ne illa fatan alheri da aka dade ana yi,” ya rubuta.

Yawancin hare-haren da aka kai wa shugaban SPF sun yi kama da wanda aka yi a ranar 14 ga Mayu daga jakadan Amurka a Jamus Richard Grenell, wanda op/ed a cikin jaridar De Welt ya bukaci Jamus da ta ci gaba da "hana" Amurka kuma ya yi iƙirarin janye bama-bamai zai zama abin ƙyama. "cin amana" na alkawurran NATO na Berlin.

Daga nan Jakadiyar Amurka a Poland Georgette Mosbacher ta zagaya tare da wani sakon Twitter a ranar 15 ga Mayu, inda ta rubuta cewa "idan Jamus na son rage yuwuwar musayar makaman nukiliya… Shawarar Mosbacher ta kasance abin izgili a matsayin rashin gaskiya saboda yarjejeniyar hana yaduwar makaman nukiliya ta hana irin wannan aika makaman nukiliya, kuma saboda sanya bama-baman nukiliyar Amurka a kan iyakar Rasha zai zama tsokana mai hatsarin gaske.

Kasashen NATO na "raba makaman nukiliya" ba su da wata magana game da jefa bama-bamai na Amurka

A ranar 30 ga Mayu, Taskar Tsaro ta Kasa da ke Washington, DC, ta tabbatar da matsayin Mützenich tare da sanya karya ga Stoltenberg na rashin fahimta, tare da fitar da wata sanarwa ta "babban sirri" a da ta ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta tabbatar da cewa Amurka ita kadai za ta yanke shawarar ko za ta yi amfani da makaman nukiliya da ke kasar Holland. , Jamus, Italiya, Turkiyya da Belgium.

Kwanan nan an kunyata makamin nukiliya na Büchel na ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a daga manyan shugabannin coci. A yankin Rhineland-Pfalz mai zurfin addini na tashar jirgin sama, Bishops sun fara neman a janye bama-baman. Bishop Katolika Stephan Ackermann daga Trier yayi magana game da kawar da makaman nukiliya kusa da tushe a cikin 2017; Wakilin Zaman Lafiya na Cocin Lutheran na Jamus, Renke Brahms, ya yi magana da babban taron zanga-zangar a 2018; Bishop na Lutheran Margo Kassmann yayi jawabi a taron zaman lafiya na coci na shekara a watan Yuli 2019; da kuma a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, Bishop na Katolika Peter Kohlgraf, wanda ke jagorantar bangaren Pax Christi na Jamus, ya inganta kwance damarar makaman nukiliya a birnin Mainz da ke kusa.

Ƙarin man fetur ya haifar da babban tattaunawar nukiliya tare da bugu na Yuni 20 na Budaddiyar Wasika zuwa ga matukan jirgin saman Jamus a Büchel, wanda mutane 127 da kungiyoyi 18 suka rattaba hannu, suna kira gare su da su "kashe shiga kai tsaye" a cikin horon yakin nukiliya, kuma tunatar da su cewa "Ba za a iya ba da umarnin da ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ba za a yi biyayya ba."

"Ƙara zuwa ga matukin jirgi na Tornado na Tactical Air Force Wing 33 a tashar nukiliya ta Büchel don ƙin shiga cikin raba makaman nukiliya" ya rufe fiye da rabin shafi na jaridar Rhein-Zeitung na yankin, mai tushe a Koblenz.

Tun da farko an aika da roƙon, wanda ya dogara ne akan ɗaure yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda suka haramta shirin lalata jama'a, zuwa ga Kanar Thomas Schneider, kwamandan matukin jirgi na 33 na dabara na rundunar sojojin sama a sansanin jiragen sama na Büchel.

Kotun daukaka kara ta bukaci matukan jirgin da su ki bin umarnin da suka sabawa doka kuma su tsaya: “[T] amfani da makamin nukiliya haramun ne a karkashin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma kundin tsarin mulki. Wannan kuma ya sa rike bama-baman nukiliya da duk shirye-shiryen da ke ba da goyon baya ga yiwuwar tura su haramun ne. Ba za a iya ba ko a bi umarnin da ba bisa ka'ida ba. Muna rokon ku da ku bayyana wa manyan ku cewa ba ku son shiga cikin tallafawa raba makaman nukiliya saboda dalilan lamiri."

Roland Hipp, babban darektan GreenPeace Jamus, a cikin "Yadda Jamus ta mayar da kanta a matsayin makasudin harin nukiliya" da aka buga a Welt Yuni 26, ya lura cewa ba da makaman nukiliya ba shine ka'ida ba banda a cikin NATO. "Akwai riga [25 na 30] ƙasashe a cikin NATO waɗanda ba su da makaman nukiliya na Amurka kuma ba sa shiga cikin makaman nukiliya," in ji Hipp.

A cikin watan Yuli, muhawarar ta mayar da hankali ne kan makudan kudaden da ake kashewa na maye gurbin mayakan jet na Tornado na Jamus da sabbin masu daukar bam na H-bam a lokacin da ake fama da rikice-rikice a duniya.

Dokta Angelika Claussen, wata likitar tabin hankali mataimakiyar shugaban likitocin kasa da kasa don rigakafin yakin nukiliya, ta rubuta a cikin wata Yuli 6 da aka buga cewa “[A] gagarumin aikin soja a lokutan cutar amai da gudawa ana daukarsa a matsayin abin kunya daga Jamusanci. jama'a … Siyan makaman nukiliya 45 F-18 na nufin kashe kusan Yuro biliyan 7.5. Don wannan adadin mutum zai iya biyan likitoci 25,000 da ma'aikatan jinya 60,000 a shekara, gadaje na kulawa 100,000 da masu ba da iska 30,000."

An tabbatar da alkaluman Dr. Claussen ta hanyar rahoton 29 ga Yuli na Otfried Nassauer da Ulrich Scholz, manazarta soji tare da Cibiyar Watsa Labarai ta Berlin don Tsaron Transatlantic. Binciken ya gano cewa farashin jiragen yakin F-45 18 daga katafaren makamin Amurka na Boeing na iya kasancewa "a kalla" tsakanin Yuro biliyan 7.67 da 8.77, ko tsakanin dala biliyan 9 da dala biliyan 10.4-ko kuma kusan dala miliyan 222 kowanne.

Yiwuwar biyan dala biliyan 10 na Jamus ga Boeing don F-18s ɗin sa ceri ne wanda mai cin ribar yaƙi ke son ɗauka. Ministar tsaron Jamus Kramp-Karrenbauer ta ce gwamnatinta na da niyyar siyan jiragen yaki na Euro 93, da kamfanin jiragen sama na Behemoth Airbus na kasar Faransa ya kera, akan kudi kwatankwacin dalar Amurka biliyan 9.85—dala miliyan 111 kowacce-duk domin maye gurbin Tornadoes nan da shekarar 2030.

A cikin watan Agusta, shugaban SPD Mützenich ya yi alkawarin mayar da "raba" makaman nukiliyar Amurka batun zaben 2021, yana shaida wa jaridar Suddeutsche Zeitung cewa, "Na tabbata cewa idan muka yi wannan tambaya kan shirin zaben, amsar a bayyane take ... . [W] zai ci gaba da wannan batu a shekara mai zuwa."