Faransa da Fraying na NATO

Tushen Hoto: Shugaban Hadin Gwiwar - CC BY 2.0

da Gary Leupp, Counter Punch, Oktoba 7, 2021

 

Biden ya fusata Faransa ta hanyar shirya yarjejeniyar samar da jiragen ruwa masu amfani da makamashin nukiliya zuwa Australia. Wannan ya maye gurbin kwangila don siyan jiragen ruwa masu amfani da man diesel daga Faransa. Ostiraliya za ta biya diyya saboda saba yarjejeniya amma 'yan jari hujja na Faransa za su yi asarar kusan dala biliyan 70. Rikicin da ake gani na Canberra da Washington ya sa Paris ta kwatanta Biden da Trump. Burtaniya ita ce abokin tarayya na uku a cikin yarjejeniyar don haka yi tsammanin dangantakar bayan Brexit Franco-Burtaniya ta kara tabarbarewa. Wannan duk yana da kyau, a ganina!

Hakanan abu ne mai kyau cewa ficewar Biden na sojojin Amurka daga Afghanistan ba a tsara shi da kyau tare da “abokan haɗin gwiwa” da suka daɗe kamar Burtaniya, Faransa da Jamus, suna haifar da suka mai zafi. Yana da kyau cewa Firayim Ministan Burtaniya ya ba wa Faransa “Hadin Kan So” don ci gaba da fafatawa a Afghanistan bayan ficewar Amurka - kuma ya fi kyau cewa ya mutu cikin ruwa. (Wataƙila Faransanci fiye da 'yan Biritaniya suna tunawa da Rikicin Suez na 1956, babban haɗarin haɗin gwiwar Anglo-Faransanci-Isra'ila don sake dawo da ikon masarautar a kan magudanar ruwa. Ba wai kawai ta rasa sa hannun Amurka ba; 'Masu ba da shawara na Soviet.) Yana da kyau cewa waɗannan ƙasashe uku sun bi umarnin Amurka don tabbatar da alkawarin NATO na tsayawa tare da Amurka lokacin da aka kai hari; cewa sun rasa sojoji sama da 600 a wani kokari da bai yi nasara ba; kuma a ƙarshe Amurka ba ta ga dacewar ma ta sa su cikin tsare -tsaren ƙarshe ba. Yana da kyau a farka da gaskiyar cewa masu mulkin mallaka na Amurka ba za su damu da shigar da su ko rayuwarsu ba, amma kawai suna buƙatar biyayya da sadaukarwa.

Yana da ban mamaki cewa Jamus, duk da rashin amincewar Amurka, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin aikin bututun iskar gas na Nordstream II tare da Rasha. Gwamnatocin Amurka uku na ƙarshe sun yi adawa da bututun, suna masu cewa yana raunana ƙawancen NATO kuma yana taimaka wa Rasha (kuma yana buƙatar sayan ƙarin kuzarin makamashi na Amurka a maimakon haka - don haɓaka tsaron juna, ba ku gani ba). Muhawarar Yaƙin Cacar Baki ta faɗi a kan kunnuwan kurame. An kammala aikin bututun a watan da ya gabata. Kyakkyawan ga kasuwancin 'yanci na duniya da ikon mallakar ƙasa, da kuma babban bugun Turai ga mulkin Amurka.

Yana da kyau Trump a watan Agusta na 2019 ya tayar da hankulan ban dariya na siyan Greenland daga Denmark, ba ruwansa da gaskiyar cewa Greenland ƙungiya ce mai cin gashin kanta, a cikin Masarautar Denmark. (90% Inuit ne, kuma jam’iyyun siyasa ke jagoranta don neman samun yancin kai.) Abin mamaki ne lokacin da Firayim Minista na Danish a hankali, tare da fara’a, ya ƙi shawarar jahilci, cin mutunci da nuna wariyar launin fata, ya fashe cikin fushi ya soke ziyarar jaharsa. gami da cin abincin dare tare da sarauniya. Ya fusata ba kawai ƙasar Denmark ba amma sanannen ra'ayi a duk Turai tare da girman kai da girman kan mulkin mallaka. Madalla.

Trump da kansa, ya zagi Firayim Ministan Kanada da shugabar gwamnatin Jamus da yare irin na yara da ya yi amfani da shi kan abokan adawar siyasa. Ya tayar da tambayoyi a zukatan Turawa da na Kanada game da ƙimar ƙawance da irin wannan rashin mutuncin. Wannan babbar gudummawa ce ta tarihi.

Har ila yau, a cikin Libya a 2011, Hillary Clinton tare da shugabannin Faransa da na Burtaniya sun sami amincewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don aikin NATO don kare fararen hula a Libya. Kuma cewa, lokacin da tawagar da Amurka ke jagoranta ta wuce ƙudirin Majalisar andinkin Duniya kuma ta yi yaƙin neman zaɓe don hamɓarar da shugaban na Libiya, abin da ya fusata China da Rasha waɗanda suka kira ƙaryar, wasu ƙasashen NATO sun ƙi shiga ko juya baya cikin kyama. Wani yakin mulkin mallaka na Amurka wanda ya dogara da karya yana haifar da rikici da ambaliyar ruwa a Turai tare da 'yan gudun hijira. Yana da kyau kawai a yayin da ta sake fallasa fatarar ɗabi'ar ɗabi'ar Amurka wacce a yanzu ake dangantawa da hotunan Abu Ghraib, Bagram, da Guantanamo. Duk da sunan NATO.

***

A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, tare da Tarayyar Soviet da "barazanar gurguzu" da ke dawo da tunani, Amurka ta fadada tsarin wannan anti-Soviet, anti-communist kawancen da ake kira NATO don kewaye Rasha. Duk wani wanda bai nuna son kai ba yana kallon taswira zai iya fahimtar damuwar Rasha. Rasha tana kashe kusan kashi biyar na abin da Amurka da NATO ke kashewa kan kashe kuɗaɗe. Rasha ba barazanar soja ba ce ga Turai ko Arewacin Amurka. Don haka - mutanen Rasha suna tambaya tun 1999, lokacin da Bill Clinton ya karya alkawarin da magabacinsa ya yi wa Gorbachev kuma ya ci gaba da faɗaɗa NATO ta ƙara Poland, Hungary da Czechoslovakia - me yasa kuke ci gaba da ƙoƙarin kashe ku don kewaye da mu?

A halin da ake ciki kuma yawancin Turawa na shakkun jagorancin Amurka. Wannan yana nufin shakkar manufa da ƙimar NATO. An kafa shi don fuskantar mamayar mamayar Soviet na “Yammacin” Turai, ba a tura shi cikin yaƙi ba a lokacin Yaƙin Cacar Baki. Yakinta na farko da gaske shine yaƙin Clintons akan Serbia a 1999. Wannan rikicin, wanda ya raba ƙasar Serbia ta tsakiyar ƙasar Serbia don ƙirƙirar sabuwar jihar Kosovo (rashin aiki), tun daga lokacin mahalarta Spain da Girka waɗanda suka lura cewa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ƙudurin da ke ba da izinin aikin “agaji” a cikin Sabiya ya bayyana sarai cewa jihar Serbia ba ta rarrabuwa. A halin yanzu (bayan da aka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar '' Rambouillet yarjejeniya '') ministan harkokin wajen Faransa ya koka da cewa Amurka tana yin abin da ya wuce kima ("karfin iko" sabanin karfin iko kawai).

Makomar NATO ta ta'allaka ne da Amurka, Jamus, Faransa da Birtaniya. Uku na ƙarshe sun daɗe membobin EU, wanda yayin da ƙungiyar abokan hamayya gaba ɗaya ke daidaita manufofi tare da NATO. NATO ta mamaye EU kamar yadda kusan duk ƙasashen da aka shigar da ƙawancen soja tun 1989 suka fara shiga NATO, sannan EU. Kuma a cikin EU - wanda bayan haka, ƙungiyar kasuwanci da ke fafatawa da Arewacin Amurka - Burtaniya ta daɗe tana aiki a matsayin wani nau'in wakilin Amurka yana buƙatar haɗin gwiwa tare da kauracewa cinikayyar Rasha, da dai sauransu Yanzu Burtaniya ta balle daga EU, babu, ka ce, matsa lamba ga Jamus ta guji kulla yarjejeniya da Rasha Washington tana adawa. Da kyau!

Jamus tana da dalilai da yawa na son haɓaka kasuwanci tare da Rasha kuma a yanzu ta nuna son tsayawa ga Amurka Jamus da Faransa duk sun ƙalubalanci yakin George Bush na Iraki bisa ƙarya. Bai kamata mu manta da yadda Bush (wanda 'yan Democrat suka tallata kwanan nan a matsayin ɗan ƙasa ba)! Kuma idan Obama ya zama kamar gwarzo a sabanin haka, maganadisunsa ya ɓaci yayin da Turawa suka sami labarin cewa Hukumar Tsaro ta Ƙasa tana kula da su duka, kuma kiran da Angela Merkel da Paparoma suka yi sun ɓaci. Wannan ita ce ƙasar 'yanci da dimokiradiyya, koyaushe tana alfahari game da' yantar da Turai daga Nazis da tsammanin samun sakamako na har abada ta hanyar tushe da kuma raunin siyasa.

*****

Shekaru 76 ke nan tun faduwar Berlin (ga Soviets, kamar yadda kuka sani, ba ga Amurka ba);

72 tun lokacin kafuwar Kungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewacin Atlantika (NATO);

32 tun faduwar katangar Berlin da alƙawarin George WH Bush ga Gorbachev BA ƙara faɗaɗa NATO ba;

22 tun lokacin da aka dawo da fadada NATO;

22 tun lokacin yakin Amurka da NATO kan Serbia ciki har da tashin bam na sama na Belgrade;

20 tun lokacin da NATO ta tafi yaƙi bisa umurnin Amurka a Afghanistan, wanda ya haifar da lalacewa da gazawa;

Shekaru 13 tun bayan da Amurka ta amince da Kosovo a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kanta, kuma kungiyar tsaro ta NATO ta sanar da shigar Ukraine da Jojiya na kusa, wanda ya haifar da takaitaccen yakin Russo-Georgia da amincewar Rasha ga jihohin Kudancin Ossetia da Abkhazia;

Shekaru 10 tun lokacin da kungiyar tsaro ta NATO ta lalata da dinka hargitsi a Libya, ta haifar da ta'addanci a duk yankin Sahel da rikicin kabilanci da na kabilanci a cikin kasar mai rugujewa, da kuma samar da karin taguwar 'yan gudun hijira;

7 tun lokacin da m, mai goyon bayan Amurka ya sanya a cikin Ukraine wanda ya sanya wata kungiya mai goyon bayan NATO a kan mulki, wanda ya haifar da tayar da kayar baya tsakanin kabilun Rasha a gabas kuma ya tilastawa Moscow ta sake hade yankin Crimea, tare da gayyatar takunkumin Amurka da Amurka na ci gaba da faruwa. matsin lamba kan kawance don yin biyayya;

5 tun lokacin da wani mugun dan iska mai cin nasara ya ci nasarar shugabancin Amurka kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya nisanta abokansa ta hanyar furucinsa, cin mutuncinsa, bayyananniyar jahilci, dabarun faɗa, yana haifar da tambayoyi a cikin biliyan biliyan game da kwanciyar hankali da hukuncin masu jefa ƙuri'ar ƙasar nan;

Shekaru 1 tun lokacin da wani ɗan ƙaramin aiki wanda ya daɗe yana alwashin faɗaɗawa da ƙarfafa NATO, wanda ya zama mutumin da gwamnatin Obama ke jagoranta akan Ukraine bayan juyin mulkin 2014, aikinsa shine tsabtace cin hanci da rashawa don shirya Ukraine don zama memba na NATO (kuma wanene uban Hunter Biden wanda ya shahara a kan kujerar shugaban kamfanin iskar gas na Ukraine 2014-2017 yana yin miliyoyi ba tare da wani dalili ko aiki ba) ya zama shugaban kasa.

Shekaru 1 tun lokacin da duniya ta ga sau da yawa akan TV bidiyon mintuna 9 na buɗe, 'yan sanda na jama'a suna lynching akan titunan Minneapolis, tabbas da yawa daga cikin ra'ayoyin suna mamakin menene daidai wannan al'umma mai wariyar launin fata ta yi wa China ko kowa akan haƙƙin ɗan adam.

Watanni 9 tun lokacin da rigunan launin ruwan Amurka suka mamaye babban birnin Amurka da ke nuna tutocin Confederate da alamun fascist tare da yin kira da a rataya mataimakin shugaban Trump don cin amanar kasa.

Yana da dogon tarihi na tsoratar da Turai tare da shugabannin da ake ganin ba su da tabbas (Bush ba kasa da Trump ba); cin zarafin Turai tare da buƙatun ta rage ciniki tare da Rasha da China da yin biyayya ga dokokin Amurka kan Iran, da neman shiga cikin yaƙe -yaƙe na mulkin mallaka da ke nesa daga Arewacin Atlantika zuwa Asiya ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.

Hakanan rikodin rikodin Rasha ne yayin fadada juggernaut mai adawa da Rasha. Yana nufin a zahiri amfani da NATO ta hanyar soji (kamar yadda yake a Sabiya, Afganistan, da Libya) don daidaita ƙawancen soji a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Amurka, da kafa sojojin Amurka 4000 a Poland, da barazanar jiragen sama a cikin Baltic. A halin yanzu, hukumomin Amurka da yawa suna aiki akan lokaci don tsara “juyin juya halin launi” a cikin gundumomin da ke kan iyaka da Rasha: Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine.

NATO tana da haɗari da mugunta. Ya kamata a daina. Kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a a Turai na nuna hauhawar shakkun NATO (mai kyau a kanta) da adawa (mafi kyau). An riga an raba shi sosai sau ɗaya: a cikin 2002-2003 akan Yaƙin Iraki. Haƙiƙa babban laifi na Yaƙin Iraki, bayyananniyar son Amurkawa don amfani da ɓarna, da kuma halin kuzarin shugaban na Amurka ya girgiza Turai kamar yadda Trump ya yi.

Abin ban dariya shine Biden da Blinken, Sullivan da Austin, duk suna ganin babu abin da ya faru. Da alama suna tunanin cewa duniya tana mutunta Amurka a matsayin (na halitta?) Jagoran wani abu da ake kira Duniya Kyauta - na al'ummomin da suka himmatu ga "dimokuraɗiyya." Blinken yana gaya mana da Turawa muna fuskantar, “mulkin kai” a cikin yanayin China, Rasha, Iran, Koriya ta Arewa, Venezuela duk suna barazanar mu da ƙimar mu. Da alama suna tunanin za su iya komawa cikin shekarun 1950, suna bayyana motsin su a matsayin tunani na "Bambancin Amurka," matsayin matsayin zakarun "haƙƙin ɗan adam," suna ɗaukar ayyukansu a matsayin "ayyukan jin kai," da karkatar da abokan cinikin su cikin haɗin gwiwa . A halin yanzu Biden ya tura NATO don ganewa (kamar yadda ta yi a sanarwar ta ta ƙarshe) PRC a matsayin "barazanar tsaro" ga Turai.

Amma batun China ya kasance mai kawo rigima. Kuma NATO ta rarrabu kan batun China. Wasu jihohi ba sa ganin barazanar da yawa kuma suna da kowane dalili na faɗaɗa alaƙa da China, musamman da zuwan ayyukan Belt and Road. Sun san cewa GDP na China ba da daɗewa ba zai zarce na Amurka kuma Amurka ba ita ce mafi ƙarfin tattalin arziƙin da ta kasance bayan yaƙin ba lokacin da ta kafa matsayinta akan mafi yawan Turai. Ya rasa yawancin ƙarfinsa na asali amma, kamar Masarautar Spain a ƙarni na goma sha takwas, babu girman kai da mugunta.

Ko da bayan duk fallasa. Ko bayan duk abin kunya. Biden yana haska murmushin da ya horar ya sanar da cewa "Amurka ta dawo!" tsammanin duniya - musamman “abokan mu” - don yin farin ciki da dawowar al'ada. Amma ya kamata Biden ya tuno da shiru -shiru da ya hadu da sanarwar Pence a taron Tsaron Munich a watan Fabrairu na 2019 lokacin da ya isar da gaisuwar Trump. Shin waɗannan shugabannin na Amurka ba su san cewa a cikin wannan ƙarni GDP na Turai ya zo daidai da na Amurka ba? Kuma mutane kalilan ne suka yi imanin cewa Amurka ta “ceci” Turai daga Nazis, sannan ta nisanta da Kwaminisancin Soviet, kuma ta farfado da Turai tare da Shirin Marshall, kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa yau don kare Turai daga Rasha da ke barazanar yin tafiya yamma zuwa kowane lokacin?

Blinken yana son ɗauka kuma ya ci gaba da jagorantar duniya gaba. Komawa al'ada! Sauti, Amintaccen Jagorancin Jagora ya dawo!

Ashe? Faransa na iya tambaya. Tsayar da kawancen NATO a baya, sabotaging yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 66 da aka sanya hannu tare da Ostiraliya mai nisa? "Yin," kamar yadda ministan harkokin wajen Faransa ya ce, "wani abu Mista Trump zai yi"? Ba Faransa kadai ba amma EU ta yi tir da yarjejeniyar Amurka da Australia. Wasu membobin kungiyar ta NATO suna yin tambaya kan yadda takaddamar kasuwanci tsakanin mambobi ke aiki da Hadin Atlantika wanda ya shafi abin da Pentagon ta kira yankin "Indo-Pacific". Kuma me yasa - lokacin da Amurka ke ƙoƙarin tabbatar da kasancewar NATO a cikin dabarun ƙunshe da tsokanar Beijing - ba damuwa da haɗa kai da Faransa?

Shin Blinken bai sani ba cewa Faransa ƙasa ce mai mulkin mallaka wacce ke da madafan iko a cikin Pacific? Shin ya san game da wuraren aikin sojan ruwa na Faransa a Papeete, Tahiti, ko sojoji, sansanonin sojan ruwa da na sojojin sama a New Caledonia? Faransawa sun gudanar da fashewar makaman nukiliya a Mururora, don allah. A matsayinta na kasa mai mulkin mallaka, shin Faransa ba ta da 'yancin daidai da Amurka don hada kan China da Australia, a kusurwar Faransa na Pacific? Kuma idan babbar kawarta Amurka ta yanke shawarar lalata yarjejeniyar, shin bai kamata ladabi ya nuna cewa aƙalla ta sanar da “tsoffin abokantaka” game da manufarta ba?

La'antar da Faransa ta yi game da yarjejeniyar jiragen ruwan ya kasance mai kaifi sosai, a wani ɓangare, ina tsammanin, saboda rashin mutuncin Faransa a matsayin babban iko. Idan Amurka tana roƙon kawayenta da su haɗa kai da ita don tunkarar China, me yasa ba ta tuntubar Faransa game da yarjejeniyar siyar da makamai da aka tsara don yin hakan, musamman lokacin da ta maye gurbin wanda tuni ƙungiyar NATO ta tattauna da shi? Shin ba a bayyane yake ba cewa roƙon Biden na “haɗin kan ƙawance” na nufin haɗa kai, bayan jagorancin Amurka game da shirye -shiryen yaƙi da China?

Sannu a hankali NATO tana taɓarɓarewa. Bugu da ƙari, wannan abu ne mai kyau sosai. Na damu cewa Biden zai hanzarta aiki don haɗa Ukraine cikin ƙawance, amma da alama Merkel ta ce masa a'a. Turawa ba sa son a ja su zuwa wani yaƙin na Amurka, musamman a kan babban maƙwabcin su wanda suka fi Amurkawa sani kuma suna da kowane dalili na yin abota. Faransa da Jamus, waɗanda (suka tuna) sun yi adawa da tushen yaƙi na Amurka kan Iraki a 2003, a ƙarshe suna rasa haƙuri tare da ƙawancen kuma suna mamakin menene memba yana nufin ban da shiga tare da Amurka a cikin rigimar ta da Rasha da China.

Garin Leupp Farfesa ne na Tarihi a Jami'ar Tufts, kuma yana riƙe da mukamin sakandare a Sashen Addini. Shi ne marubucin Barori, Shafauna da Ma'aikata a cikin biranen Tokugawa JapanLaunuka Maza: Ginin Luwadi a Tokugawa Japan. kuma Dangantakar Kabilanci a Japan: Mazajen Yamma da Matan Jafananci, 1543-1900. Shi mai ba da gudummawa ne Mara fata: Barack Obama da Siyasar Mafarki, (AK Press). Ana iya samun sa a: gleupp@tufts.edu

 

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