Ƙungiyar NATO ta Finland ta bar wasu su ci gaba da "Ruhun Helsinki"

Shugaban Finnish ya sami lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel a shekara ta 2008. Lambar hoto: Kyautar Nobel

Daga Medea Benjamin da Nicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, Afrilu 11, 2023

A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2023, Finland a hukumance ta zama memba na 31st na kawancen soja na NATO. Iyakar da ke tsakanin Finland da Rasha mai tsawon mil 830 a yanzu ita ce iyaka mafi tsayi tsakanin kowace kasa ta NATO da Rasha, wanda in ba haka ba. kan iyakoki kawai Norway, Latvia, Estonia, da kuma gajeren shimfidar iyakokin Poland da Lithuania inda suke kewaye da Kaliningrad.

A cikin mahallin yakin da bai yi sanyi ba tsakanin Amurka, NATO da Rasha, ko wanne daga cikin wadannan iyakoki wani wuri ne mai hadarin gaske wanda zai iya haifar da sabon rikici, ko ma yakin duniya. Amma babban bambanci da iyakar Finnish shine cewa ya zo a cikin kimanin mil 100 daga Severomorsk, inda Rasha ta kasance. Filin Arewa kuma 13 daga cikin 23 na jiragen ruwa masu dauke da makaman nukiliya suna da tushe. Wannan yana iya kasancewa inda yakin duniya na uku zai fara, idan ba a riga ya fara a Ukraine ba.

A Turai a yau, Switzerland, Ostiriya, Ireland da wasu ƙananan ƙananan ƙasashe ne kawai suka rage a wajen NATO. Domin shekaru 75, Finland ta kasance abin koyi na tsaka-tsaki mai nasara, amma ba ta da nisa daga soja. Kamar Switzerland, yana da girma soja, da kuma matasa Finn ana buƙatar yin akalla watanni shida na horon soja bayan sun cika shekaru 18. Ƙungiyoyin sojan da ke aiki da kuma ajiye su sun kasance fiye da 4% na yawan jama'a - idan aka kwatanta da kawai 0.6% a Amurka - kuma 83% na Finns sun ce. za su shiga cikin gwagwarmaya da makamai idan aka mamaye Finland.

Kawai 20 zuwa 30% na Finnish sun goyi bayan shiga NATO a tarihi, yayin da yawancin suka ci gaba da goyan bayan manufofinta na tsaka tsaki. A ƙarshen 2021, Finnish kuri'ar jin ra'ayi An auna goyon bayan jama'a ga membobin NATO a kashi 26%. Amma bayan mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine a watan Fabrairun 2022, hakan tsalle zuwa 60% a cikin makonni kuma, zuwa Nuwamba 2022, 78% na Finns sun ce goyan shiga NATO.

Kamar yadda yake a Amurka da sauran kasashen NATO, shugabannin siyasar Finland sun fi sauran jama'a goyon bayan NATO. Duk da goyon bayan da jama'a suka dade don nuna rashin amincewa, Finland ta shiga kawancen NATO don Zaman Lafiya shirin a 1997. Gwamnatinta ta aika da dakaru 200 zuwa Afganistan a matsayin wani bangare na Rundunar Taimakon Tsaro ta kasa da kasa da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da izini bayan mamayewar Amurka a 2001, kuma sun ci gaba da zama a can bayan da NATO ta karbi jagorancin wannan runduna a shekara ta 2003. Sojojin Finland ba su bar Afghanistan ba har sai dukkanin kasashen yammacin Turai. Sojojin sun janye ne a shekarar 2021, bayan da aka jibge dakaru 2,500 na kasar Finland da jami'an farar hula 140 a can, kuma an tura wasu 'yan kasar Finland biyu. kashe.

A watan Disamba na 2022 review na rawar da Finland ta taka a Afghanistan ta Cibiyar Harkokin Kasa da Kasa ta Finnish ta gano cewa sojojin Finnish "sun ci gaba da yin yaki a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin soja wanda NATO ke jagorantar yanzu kuma ya zama ƙungiya a cikin rikici," kuma manufar Finland ta sanar, wanda shi ne "domin daidaitawa da tallafawa Afghanistan don inganta zaman lafiya da tsaro na kasa da kasa" ya fi girma da "sha'awar ci gaba da karfafa dangantakarta da harkokin waje da tsaro tare da Amurka da sauran kawayen kasa da kasa, da kuma kokarinta na zurfafa hadin gwiwa da NATO. .”

A wasu kalmomi, kamar sauran ƙananan ƙasashe masu haɗin gwiwa na NATO, Finland ba ta iya ba, a cikin yakin da ake fama da shi, don kiyaye abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da kuma dabi'unsa, kuma a maimakon haka ya yarda da sha'awarsa "zurfafa haɗin gwiwarsa" tare da Amurka da NATO. ta ba da fifiko kan ainihin manufarta na ƙoƙarin taimakawa al'ummar Afganistan don samun kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali. Sakamakon waɗannan abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice, an jawo sojojin Finnish cikin yanayin haɓakawa da kuma amfani da karfi mai lalacewa wanda ya nuna ayyukan sojan Amurka a duk yaƙe-yaƙe na baya-bayan nan.

A matsayinta na sabon memba na NATO, Finland za ta kasance mai rauni kamar yadda ta kasance a Afganistan don yin tasiri ga ci gaba da tashin hankali na injin yakin NATO da Rasha. Finland za ta gano cewa mummunan zaɓin da ta yi na yin watsi da manufar tsaka-tsaki wanda ya kawo mata shekaru 75 na zaman lafiya da kuma neman kariya ga NATO zai bar ta, kamar Ukraine, da haɗari a kan gaba na yakin da aka jagoranta daga Moscow, Washington da Brussels cewa. ba zai iya yin nasara ba, kuma ba zai iya warware kansa ba, kuma ba zai iya hana haɓaka zuwa yakin duniya na uku ba.

Nasarar da Finland ta samu a matsayin kasa mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma mai sassaucin ra'ayi a lokacin yakin cacar baka, ya haifar da shaharar al'adun da jama'a suka fi amincewa da shugabanninsu da wakilansu fiye da mutanen da ke mafi yawan kasashen yammacin duniya, kuma da wuya su yi tambaya kan hikimar shawararsu. Don haka kusan hadin kan 'yan siyasa na shiga kungiyar NATO bayan mamayewar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine ta fuskanci 'yan adawa kadan. A watan Mayu 2022, majalisar dokokin Finland amince Shiga NATO da kuri'u 188 da kuri'u XNUMX.

Amma me ya sa shugabannin siyasar Finland suka himmantu don “ƙarfafa dangantakarta ta ketare da tsaro da Amurka da sauran abokan hulɗa na duniya,” kamar yadda rahoton Finland a Afghanistan ya ce? A matsayin ƙasa mai zaman kanta, tsaka tsaki, amma mai ƙarfi soja ƙasa, Finland ta riga ta cika burin NATO na kashe 2% na GDP akan sojoji. Har ila yau, tana da masana'antar kera makamai masu yawa, waɗanda ke kera jiragen ruwan yaƙi na zamani, manyan bindigogi, bindigu da sauran makamai.

Ƙungiyar NATO za ta haɗa masana'antun makamai na Finland a cikin kasuwar makamai masu yawa na NATO, da haɓaka tallace-tallace na makamai na Finnish, yayin da kuma samar da yanayi don siyan ƙarin sabbin makaman Amurka da ƙawance don sojojinta da kuma yin haɗin gwiwa kan ayyukan makaman haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanoni a cikin manyan NATO. kasashe. Yayin da kasafin kuɗin soja na NATO ke ƙaruwa, kuma mai yiwuwa ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa, gwamnatin Finland a fili tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga masana'antun makamai da sauran bukatu. A zahiri, nasa ƙananan rukunin soja-masana'antu ba ya son a bar shi.

Tun lokacin da ta fara shiga NATO, Finland ta riga ta kasance aikata Dala biliyan 10 don siyan mayakan F-35 na Amurka don maye gurbin tawagoginsa uku na F-18. Har ila yau, ta dade tana kokarin neman sabbin na'urorin kariya na makamai masu linzami, kuma rahotanni sun ce tana kokarin zabar tsakanin na'urar makami mai linzami na Indiya da Isra'ila Barak 8 da kuma na'urar David's Sling na Amurka da Isra'ila, wanda Raphael na Isra'ila da Raytheon na Amurka suka gina.

Dokokin Finland sun haramtawa kasar mallakar makaman nukiliya ko kuma ba su damar shiga cikin kasar, sabanin kasashe biyar na NATO da ke ajiyewa. jari na makaman nukiliya na Amurka a cikin ƙasa - Jamus, Italiya, Belgium, Holland da Turkiyya. Sai dai Finland ta mika takardun shiga kungiyar ta NATO ba tare da kebantattun da kasashen Denmark da Norway suka dage wajen ba su damar hana makaman kare dangi ba. Wannan ya bar yanayin nukiliyar Finland na musamman m, duk da Shugaba Sauli Niinistö alkawari "Finland ba ta da niyyar kawo makaman nukiliya a cikin ƙasarmu."

Rashin tattaunawa game da abubuwan da Finland ta shiga cikin kawancen sojan nukiliya a fili yana da damuwa, kuma ya kasance. dangana zuwa wani tsari na gaggawa da ya wuce kima a cikin mahallin yakin Ukraine, da kuma al'adar Finland na rashin amincewa da amincewar jama'a ga gwamnatin kasarta.

Watakila babban abin bakin ciki shi ne kasancewar Finland a cikin kungiyar tsaro ta NATO ya kawo karshen al'adar al'ummar kasar a matsayin mai samar da zaman lafiya a duniya. Tsohon shugaban kasar Finland Urho Kekkonen, an gini na manufofin hadin gwiwa da Tarayyar Soviet makwabciyarta kuma mai fafutukar tabbatar da zaman lafiya a duniya, ya taimaka wajen tsara yarjejeniyar Helsinki, yarjejeniyar tarihi da Amurka, Tarayyar Soviet, Kanada da kowace al'ummar Turai (sai Albaniya) suka sanya hannu a shekarar 1975 don inganta tsare tsare. tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da yamma.

Shugaban Finnish Martti Ahtisaari ya ci gaba da al'adar samar da zaman lafiya kuma ya kasance da aka bayar lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel a shekara ta 2008 saboda yunƙurin da ya yi na warware rikice-rikice na duniya daga Namibiya zuwa Aceh a Indonesia zuwa Kosovo (wanda NATO ta jefa bam).

Da yake magana a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a watan Satumba na 2021, Shugaban Finnish Sauli Niinistö ya yi kamar ya damu ya bi wannan gadon. “Yin abokan gaba da masu fafatawa don shiga tattaunawa, don gina amana, da kuma neman maƙasudai na gama-gari - wannan shine ainihin Ruhun Helsinki. Irin wannan ruhi ne da duk duniya, da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, suke bukata cikin gaggawa,” inji shi ya ce. "Na tabbata cewa yayin da muke magana game da Ruhun Helsinki, za mu kusanci sake farfado da shi - da kuma tabbatar da shi gaskiya."

Tabbas, shawarar da Rasha ta yi na mamaye Ukraine ne ya sa Finland ta yi watsi da “Ruhin Helsinki” don neman shiga NATO. Amma idan Finland ta yi tsayayya da matsin lamba akanta don shiga cikin membobin NATO, a maimakon haka yanzu tana iya shiga cikin "Kungiyar Aminci” wanda shugaban kasar Brazil Lula ya kafa domin farfado da tattaunawar kawo karshen yakin Ukraine. Abin baƙin ciki ga Finland da duniya, yana kama da Ruhun Helsinki zai ci gaba ba tare da Helsinki ba.

Medea Benjamin da Nicolas JS Davies sune marubutan Yaƙi a Ukraine: Yin Ma'anar Rikici mara Ma'ana, OR Littattafai ne suka buga a watan Nuwamba 2022.

Medea Biliyaminu ita ce tushen haɗin gwiwa CODEPINK don Aminci, da marubucin littattafai da dama, ciki har da A cikin Iran: Gaskiya da Tarihin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.

Nicolas JS Davies ɗan jarida ne mai zaman kansa, mai bincike tare da CODEPINK kuma marubucin Jini a Hannunmu: mamayar Amurkawa da lalata Iraki.