Shekaru goma sha biyar a Afganistan: Same tambayoyin, Same Answers-Yanzu Yanzu Bugu da Ƙara Ruwa Na Ƙarshe na Same

By Ann Wright.

A watan Disamba 2001, shekaru sama da goma sha biyar da suka wuce, na kasance a cikin karamar kungiyar mutane biyar da suka sake bude Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Kabul, Afghanistan. Yanzu shekaru goma sha biyar bayan haka, ana yin irin tambayoyin da muka yi kusan shekaru ashirin da suka gabata game da sa hannun Amurka a Afghanistan kuma muna samun amsoshi iri ɗaya.  

Tambayar ita ce: Me ya sa muka kasance a Afghanistan shekaru goma sha biyar kuma ina biliyoyin daloli Amurka ta sanya a Afghanistan?  

Amsoshin kuma duk shekara guda ne - Amurka na cikin Afghanistan ne don fatattakar Taliban da al Qaeda, (kuma yanzu sauran kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi) don haka ba za su iya kaiwa Amurka hari ba. Tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar, sojojin da suka fi kowa ci gaba da samun kudade a duniya sun yi kokarin fatattakar Taliban da Al Qaeda, ana iya cewa sojoji ne masu karamin karfi da basu da isassun kayan aiki a duniya, kuma basu yi nasara ba. 

Ina kudin suka tafi? Da yawa sun tafi Dubai don gidaje da kwalliya don shugabannin Afghanistan da masu yin kwangila (Amurka, Afghanistan da sauransu) waɗanda suka ba da miliyoyin sa hannun Amurka a Afghanistan.

A ranar Fabrairu 9, 2017, kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai na Majalisar Dattijai ya ji labarin Afghanistan, John Nicholson, babban kwamandan Janar na Sojojin Amurka a Afghanistan, ya amsa tambayoyi na sa'o'i biyu a Majalisar Dattijai game da batun shiga Amurka a Afghanistan. Har ila yau, ya gabatar da sanarwa game da halin da ake ciki a Afghanistan. http://www.armed-services. senate.gov/imo/media/doc/ Nicholson_02-09-17.pdf

Dangane da tambayar da wani Sanata ya yi, “Shin Rasha tana tsoma baki a Afghanistan,” Nicholson ya amsa: “Yayin da Rasha ke da miyagun kwayoyi game da Afghanistan da kuma harin ta’addanci daga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra’ayi a Afghanistan, tun shekarar 2016 mun yi imanin cewa Rasha tana taimakawa Taliban a domin yin fatali da aikin Amurka da NATO. Taliban ita ce matsakaiciyar da sauran kungiyoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke aiki a Afghanistan. Mun damu da karuwar hadin kai tsakanin Rasha da Pakistan wanda ke ci gaba da samar da mafaka ga manyan shugabannin Taliban. Rasha da Pakistan sun gudanar da atisayen soja na hadin gwiwa a Pakistan. Mu da abokanmu na Asiya ta Tsakiya muna cikin fargaba game da aniyar Rasha. ”

Nicholson ta ce "ana ci gaba da samun ci gaba kan aikin ba da horo na Amurka, da ba da shawara da tantancewa (TAA) ga jami'an tsaron Afghanistan." Babu wani Sanata da ya tambaya me ya sa bayan shekaru 16 Amurka za ta ci gaba da yin irin wannan horon-kuma tsawon lokacin da irin wannan horon ya ci gaba da horar da sojojin da za su iya fatattakar Taliban da sauran kungiyoyi. 

Nicholson ya ce Amurka da NATO sun sadaukar da mafi karancin shekaru hudu a Afghanistan a taron NATO a Warsaw, Poland a watan Yulin 2016. A taron masu ba da gudummawa a Brussels a watan Oktoban 2016, kasashe masu bayar da tallafi 75 sun ba da dala biliyan 15 don ci gaba da sake gina Afghanistan. Amurka za ta ci gaba da ba da gudummawar dala biliyan 5 a kowace shekara ta hanyar 2020. https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

A cikin rubutaccen bayanin nasa Nicholson ya kara da cewa wasu kasashen 30 sun yi alkawarin sama da $ 800M duk shekara don daukar nauyin Sojojin Tsaro da Tsaro na Afghanistan (ANDSF) har zuwa karshen 2020 kuma a watan Satumba, Indiya ta kara $ 1B a kan $ 2B da ta riga ta yi alkawarin Ci gaban Afghanistan.

Tun daga 2002, Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta ƙaddamar da fiye da dala biliyan 117 don sake gina Afghanistan (horar da jami'an tsaro na Afganistan, kafa gwamnatin Afghanistan, samar da kiwon lafiya da ilmi ga jama'ar Afghanistan, da kuma bunkasa tattalin arzikin Afghanistan), mafi yawan kuɗin da za a sake ginawa kowace ƙasa a tarihin Amurka.  https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

Nicholson ya ce dole ne sojojin Amurka 8,448 da ke Afghanistan yanzu su ci gaba da kare Amurka daga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a Afghanistan da Pakistan inda 20 daga cikin 98 da aka ayyana kungiyoyin ta'addanci a duniya suke. Ya ce babu wani hadin kai tsakanin Taliban na Afghanistan da ISIS, amma yawancin mayakan ISIS sun fito ne daga / ta hanyar Taliban na Pakistan.

Shekarar da ta wuce, har zuwa Maris 2016, akwai kusan ma'aikatan kwangila na 28,600 na Ma'aikatar Tsaro (DOD) a Afghanistan, idan aka kwatanta da sojojin Amurka 8,730, tare da ma'aikatan kwangila da ke wakiltar kusan 77% na jimlar DOD a ƙasar. Daga cikin ma'aikatan kwangilar 28,600 DOD, 9,640 'yan asalin Amurka ne kuma kusan 870, ko kuma kusan 3%,' yan kwangila ne na tsaro. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/ natsec/R44116.pdf

Tun lokacin da matakan sojan soja suka kasance a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, wanda zai kara yawan cewa kamfanonin fararen hula sun kasance daidai da 2017 domin yawancin ma'aikatan soja na 37,000 da kuma DOD kwangila a Afghanistan.

Mafi yawan rundunar sojojin Amurka a Afganistan ita ce 99,800 a karo na biyu na 2011 kuma yawancin masu karfin kwangila sune 117,227 wanda 34,765 ke kasancewa 'yan kasar Amurka ne a karo na biyu na 2012 don yawan ma'aikata na 200,000 na kasar Amurka, ban da ma'aikatan gwamnati da masu kwangila.  https://fas.org/sgp/crs/ natsec/R44116.pdf   Bayanai akan lambobi na ma'aikatan ma'aikatar gwamnati da masu kwangila a kowace shekara a Afghanistan basu samuwa.

Daga Oktoba 2001 zuwa 2015, an kashe 'yan kwangila masu zaman kansu 1,592 (kusan kashi 32 daga cikinsu Amurkawa) waɗanda ke aiki a kan kwangilar Ma'aikatar Tsaro suma an kashe su a Afghanistan. A cikin 2016, an kashe fiye da sau biyu na 'yan kwangila masu zaman kansu a Afghanistan fiye da sojojin Amurka (sojojin Amurka 56 da' yan kwangila 101 aka kashe).

http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/ 05/29/the-new-unknown- soldiers-of-afghanistan-and- iraq/

Sanata McCaskill ya yiwa Nicholson tambayoyi masu tsauri kan ci gaba da rashawa da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin Afghanistan da kuma 'yan kwangila na cikin gida da na waje. Nicholson ya ce bayan shekaru goma sha biyar, ya yi imanin cewa daga karshe Amurka ta iya gano sojojin "fatalwa" wadanda ke cikin tsarin biyan sojoji kuma ta dakatar da biyan kudi ga shugaban sojojin da ya gabatar da sunayen. Bugu da ƙari, Nicholson ya kara da cewa bisa ga sabon rahoton Babban Sufeto Janar na Amurka game da cin hanci da rashawa a fagen kwangilar ya ce dala miliyan 200 a cikin ƙarin kuɗi ga 'yan kwangila na kwangilar dala biliyan 1 don samar da man fetur ya haifar da hukuncin da aka yiwa wani janar ɗin Afghanistan da kuma an dakatar da kamfanonin sadarwa hudu daga bada kwangila. Biyan "sojojin fatalwa" da kuma karin kudaden man fetur sun kasance mafi girman tushen rashawa a kwanan nan a Afghanistan. https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

Wani Sanatan da yawan shan kwayoyi ya lalata jiharsa, ya ce, "Tare da yawan mace-macen da ake yi a Amurka daga yawan shan kwayoyi masu zuwa da ke shigowa daga Afghanistan, me ya sa Amurka / NATO ba ta kawar da filayen podium a Afghanistan ba?" Nicholson ya amsa: “Ban sani ba, kuma ba dokar soja ba ce. Wasu hukumomin zasu yi hakan. ”

Nicholson ya ce, kokarin da ake yi na sulhu da kungiyar Taliban da wasu kungiyoyi ba su da iyakacin nasara. A watan Satumba na 29, 2016, 'yan adawa hudu da suka hada da Soviet Union, da sauran sojojin dakaru a lokacin yakin basasa, da Taliban da Amurka / NATO, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, shugaban Hezb-e Islami, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da gwamnatin Afghanistan. Rundunar 20,000 da iyalansu zuwa Afghanistan.  https://www.afghanistan- analysts.org/peace-with- hekmatyar-what-does-it-mean- for-battlefield-and-politics/

Nicholson ya ce wasu mayakan Afghanistan suna ci gaba da canza ƙungiyoyi wanda ya sa mafi yawan kuɗi da tsaro suke.

A cikin wasiƙar budewa https://www.veteransforpeace. org/pressroom/news/2017/01/30/ open-letter-donald-trump-end- us-war-afghanistan ga Shugaban kasa ya yi nasarar kawo karshen yakin Afghanistan, kungiyoyi masu yawa da kuma mutane sun bukaci sabon shugaban Amurka da ya kawo ƙarshen yaki a tarihin kasar:

"Yin umurni da 'yan mata maza da mata na Amurka a cikin wani aikin kashe-ko-mutu wanda aka cika 15 shekaru da suka wuce ya zama mai yawa a tambayi. Jirage su suyi imani da wannan aikin yana da yawa. Wannan hujja na iya taimakawa wajen bayyana wannan: babban kisa na sojojin Amurka a Afghanistan ya kashe kansa. Kashi na biyu mafi girman kisa na sojojin Amurka shine kore a kan blue, ko kuma matasan Afganistan da Amurka ke horarwa suna juya makamai akan masu horar da su! Kai ne da kanka ya gane wannan, cewa: "Bari mu fita daga Afghanistan. Sojojinmu suna kashewa ne daga Afghanistan da muke horarwa kuma mun shafe biliyoyin a can. Abin banza! Sake gina Amurka. "

Rashin janye dakarun Amurka zai kasance da kyau ga al'ummar Afghanistan, saboda kasancewa dakarun dakarun kasashen waje sun kasance wani abu ne mai rikici ga tattaunawar zaman lafiya. Kasashen Afghanistan suna da ƙayyadadden makomar su, kuma za su iya yin hakan ne kawai idan an kawo karshen yakin basasar waje.

Muna roƙon ka ka juya shafin kan wannan aikin soja. Ku kawo dukkan sojojin Amurka daga Afganistan. Ka dakatar da Amurka kuma a maimakon haka, don wani ɓangare na kudin, taimaka wa Afghanistan da abinci, tsari, da kayan aikin gona. "

Shekaru goma sha biyar na tambayoyi iri ɗaya da amsoshi iri ɗaya game da yaƙin Afghanistan. Lokaci ya yi da za a kawo karshen yakin.

Game da Marubucin: Ann Wright ta yi aiki na shekaru 29 a Sojan Amurka / Sojan Amurka kuma ta yi ritaya a matsayin Kanar. Ta kuma yi shekaru 16 a matsayin jami’ar diflomasiyyar Amurka a Nicaragua, Grenada, Somalia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Saliyo, Micronesia, Afghanistan da Mongolia. Ta yi murabus daga gwamnatin Amurka a cikin Maris 2003 don adawa da yakin Shugaba Bush kan Iraki. Tun bayan murabus dinta, ta sake komawa Afghanistan sau uku sannan ta dawo Pakistan sau daya.