Wannan sigar edita ce ta adireshin da John Pilger ya bayar a Laburaren Burtaniya a ranar 9 ga Disamba 2017 a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani biki na baya, 'Powerarfin Documentary', wanda aka gudanar don yin alama don mallakar Laburaren na rubuce-rubucen Pilger.
ta John Pilger, Disamba 11, 2017, JohnPilger.com. RSN.
Na fara fahimtar ikon yin fim yayin shirya fim na na farko, Mutumin da yake natsuwa. A cikin sharhin, Na yi magana game da kaji, wanda ni da matata muka gamu yayin da muke sintiri tare da sojojin Amurka a Vietnam.
Sajan ya ce: "Dole ne ya zama kaza na Vietcong - kajin kwaminisanci." Ya rubuta a cikin rahotonsa: "makiya sun gani".
Lokacin kaza ya zama kamar ya ja hankalin batun yaƙin - don haka na saka shi a fim. Hakan na iya zama rashin hikima ne. Mai kula da gidan talabijin na kasuwanci a Biritaniya - sannan kuma Hukumar Talabijin Mai zaman kanta ko ITA - sun nemi ganin rubutun na. Menene tushena don alaƙar siyasa da kaza? Aka tambaye ni. Shin da gaske ne kajin kwaminisanci, ko zai iya kasancewa kajin da ke goyon bayan Amurka?
Tabbas, wannan maganar banza tana da manufa mai mahimmanci; lokacin da IT Quiet Mutiny ta watsa shirye-shiryen ITV a cikin 1970, jakadan Amurka a Biritaniya, Walter Annenberg, aminin Shugaba Richard Nixon, ya kai kuka ga ITA. Ya yi korafi ba game da kaza ba amma game da fim din duka. "Na yi niyyar sanar da Fadar White House," in ji jakadan. Gosh.
Mutum mai nutsuwa ya bayyana cewa sojojin Amurka a Vietnam suna raba kansu. An yi tawaye a bayyane: rubutattun maza suna ƙin umarni kuma suna harbi jami'ansu a baya ko “haɗa su” da gurneti yayin da suke barci.
Babu daya daga wannan labarin. Abin da ya ke nufi shi ne an yi yakin; kuma ba a nuna godiya ga manzo ba.
Babban Darakta na ITA shi ne Sir Robert Fraser. Ya kira Denis Foreman, sannan Darakta na Shirye-shirye a Granada TV, kuma ya shiga cikin halin neman afuwa. Da yake ya fantsama cikin farin ciki, Sir Robert ya bayyana ni a matsayin "mai hadari mai ruguza kasa".
Abinda ya damu game da mai tsarawa da jakadan shine ikon yin fim guda daya: ikon gaskiyar abubuwanta da shaidu: musamman sojoji matasa da ke faɗin gaskiya da kuma nuna tausayi ga masu yin fim.
Ni dan jarida ne. Ban taɓa yin fim a da ba, kuma an ba ni lada ga Charles Denton, mai yin ritaya daga BBC, wanda ya koya mini cewa gaskiya da shaidu sun shaida wa kyamara da kuma masu sauraro na iya zama abin dogaro.
Wannan jujjuya bayanan karya shine ikon yin gaskiya. Yanzu na yi fina-finai 60 kuma na yi imani babu wani abu kamar wannan ikon a cikin kowane matsakaici.
A cikin 1960s, ƙwararren ɗan fim ɗin mai farin jini, Peter Watkins, ya yi Wasan Yaƙi na BBC. Watkins ya sake fashewa bayan harin nukiliya a London.
An dakatar da Wasan Yaƙin. "Tasirin wannan fim din," in ji BBC, "an yanke hukuncin cewa ya firgita sosai game da yada labarai." Shugaban kwamitin gwamnonin na lokacin shine Lord Normanbrook, wanda ya kasance Sakataren majalisar zartarwa. Ya rubuta wa wanda zai gaje shi a majalisar zartarwa, Sir Burke Trend: “Wasan War ba a tsara shi a matsayin farfaganda ba: an yi shi ne don zance ne na gaskiya kuma ya dogara ne da tsantsan bincike cikin kayan hukuma… amma batun yana da ban tsoro, kuma ana nuna shi na fim din a talabijin na iya yin tasiri sosai ga halayen jama'a game da manufar hana kera makaman nukiliya. ”
A takaice dai, ikon wannan daftarin aikin ya kasance mai yiwuwa ne ya tunatar da mutane game da mummunan abin da ya faru na yakin nukiliya da haifar musu da shakkar kasancewar makaman nukiliya.
Takardun majalisar sun nuna cewa BBC a sirrance ta hada baki da gwamnati don hana fim din Watkins. Labarin murfin shine cewa BBC na da alhakin kare "tsofaffi da ke zaune su kadai da kuma mutanen da ke da karancin hankali".
Yawancin 'yan jaridu sun haɗiye wannan. Haramcin game da Wasan War ya kawo karshen aikin Peter Watkins a cikin gidan talabijin na Burtaniya yana da shekaru 30. Wannan fitaccen mai shirya fina-finai ya bar BBC da Biritaniya, kuma cikin fushi ya fara yakin neman zabe a duniya baki daya game da takunkumi.
Bayyanar da gaskiya, da kuma nisanta daga gaskiyar hukuma, na iya zama hadari ga mai yin fim.
A cikin 1988, Thames Television ta watsa Mutuwa kan Dutse, rubuce rubuce game da yakin a Arewacin Ireland. Ya kasance haɗari ne da ƙarfin hali. Sanannu game da rahoton da ake kira bala'in Irish ya zama ruwan dare, kuma yawancinmu a cikin masu shirya fina-finai sun yi takaici kan sanya finafinai a arewacin iyakar. Idan muka yi kokari, an jawo mu zuwa cikin yarjejjeniyar yarda.
Dan jaridar Liz Curtis ya lissafa cewa BBC ta dakatar, ta dakatar ko kuma jinkirta wasu manyan shirye-shiryen talabijin na 50 a kan Ireland. Tabbas, akwai wasu ƙalilan masu daraja, kamar John Ware. Roger Bolton, mai samar da Mutuwa akan Dutse, wani ne. Mutuwar kan Dutse ya nuna cewa Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta tura shingayen kisa na SAS a ketare kan IRA, tare da kisan mutane hudu da ba su da makami a Gibraltar.
An gabatar da wani mummunan shiri na nuna kyama ga fim din, wanda gwamnatin Margaret Thatcher da kuma kungiyar Murdoch suka jagoranta, musamman jaridar Sunday Times wacce Andrew Neil ya shirya.
Ita kadai ce takaddar da aka taɓa gabatar da ita a hukumance - kuma an tabbatar da gaskiyar sa. Murdoch sai da ya biya diyyar bata sunan daya daga cikin manyan shaidun fim din.
Amma wannan ba ƙarshenta ba. Thames Television, ɗayan ɗayan sabbin ersan Watsa shirye-shirye a duniya, daga ƙarshe an cire ikon mallakar ta a Kingdomasar Ingila.
Firayim minista ta rama fansar ITV da masu shirya fim ɗin, kamar yadda ta yi wa masu hakar gwal? Ba mu sani ba. Abin da muka sani shi ne cewa ikon wannan shirin na gaskiya ya tsaya kan gaskiya kuma, kamar Wasan Yaƙin, ya nuna babban matsayi a cikin aikin jarida.
Na yi imani manyan marubutan finafinai sun nuna karkatacciyar koyarwar karkatacciyar koyarwa Suna da wuya a rarrabe su. Ba kamar almara ba ne. Ba su son manyan fina-finai masu fasali. Duk da haka, suna iya haɗu da ikon biyun.
Yaƙin Chile: yaƙin mutane marasa amfani, labarin almara ne daga Patricio Guzman. Fim ne mai ban mamaki: ainihin finafinan fina-finai. Lokacin da aka sake shi a cikin 1970s, New Yorker ya yi tambaya: “Ta yaya ƙungiyar mutane biyar, wasu ba su da kwarewar fim a baya, suna aiki tare da kyamara Éclair ɗaya, Nagra mai rikodin sauti ɗaya, da fakitin fim ɗin baƙar fata da fari, samar da aikin wannan girman? "
Takaddun shirin Guzman yana game da hambarar da mulkin demokraɗiyya a cikin Chile a cikin 1973 ta hanyar masu ra'ayin fascists karkashin jagorancin Janar Pinochet kuma CIA ta ba da umarnin. Kusan komai ana yin fim ne da hannu, a kafaɗa. Kuma ku tuna wannan kyamarar fim ce, ba bidiyo ba. Dole ne ku canza mujallar kowane minti goma, ko kamarar ta tsaya; kuma karamin motsi da canjin haske yana tasiri hoton.
A cikin Yaƙin Chile, akwai abin kallo a jana'izar wani jami'in sojan ruwa, mai biyayya ga Shugaba Salvador Allende, wanda waɗanda ke shirin rusa gwamnatin kawo canji na Allende suka kashe. Kyamarar tana motsawa tsakanin fuskokin sojoji: ɗumbin mutane tare da lambobinsu da ribbons, gashinsu masu ruɗaɗɗe da idanuwa marasa kyau. Tsananin barazanar fuskoki ya ce kuna kallon jana'izar ɗaukacin al'umma: na dimokiradiyya kanta.
Akwai farashi don yin fim don ƙarfin hali. An kama mai ɗaukar hoto, Jorge Muller kuma an kai shi sansanin azabtarwa, inda ya “ɓace” har sai da aka gano kabarinsa shekaru da yawa bayan haka. Ya kasance 27. Na gaishe da ƙwaƙwalwarsa.
A Biritaniya, aikin majagaba na John Grierson, Denis Mitchell, Norman Swallow, Richard Cawston da sauran masu shirya fina-finai a farkon karni na 20 sun ketare babban rabo na aji kuma suka gabatar da wata kasa. Sun yi kokarin sanya kyamarori da makirufo a gaban Britaniya na yau da kullun kuma sun basu damar magana da yarensu.
John Grierson wasu suna cewa shine ya kirkiri kalmar "shirin gaskiya". "Wasan kwaikwayon yana bakin kofar gidanku," in ji shi a cikin 1920s, "duk inda matsugunai suke, duk inda akwai rashin abinci mai gina jiki, a duk inda ake cin zarafi da mugunta."
Wadannan masu shirya finafinan Burtaniya na farko sun yi imanin cewa shirin gaskiya ya kamata ya yi magana daga ƙasa, ba daga sama ba: ya kamata ya zama mafita ga mutane, ba hukuma ba. A takaice dai, jininsa, gumi da hawayen talakawa ne suka ba mu labarin.
Denis Mitchell ya kasance sananne ne game da hotunan titin aiki. Ya ce, "A tsawon aikina, na yi matukar mamakin irin karfi da mutuncin mutane". Lokacin da na karanta waɗannan kalmomin, Ina tunanin waɗanda suka tsira daga Grenfell Tower, yawancinsu har yanzu suna jiran a sake musu gida, dukkansu suna jiran adalci, yayin da kyamarorin ke ci gaba da maimaita da'irar bikin aure.
Marigayi David Munro da ni muka yi Shekarar shekara: Mutuwar Shiru na Kambodiya a cikin 1979. Wannan fim din ya katse shuru game da kasar da aka shafe sama da shekaru goma ana tashin bama-bamai da kisan kare dangi, kuma karfinta ya shafi miliyoyin talakawa maza, mata da yara wajen ceton wata al’umma a daya bangaren na duniya. Ko a yanzu, Shekarar Zero ta sanya ƙaryar ga tatsuniyar cewa jama'a ba su damu ba, ko kuma cewa waɗanda ke kulawa suna faɗawa cikin wani abin da ake kira “gajiya na jinƙai”.
Shekarun Zero ya kasance wanda masu sauraro suka fi kallo a yanzu, mashahurin shirin “gaskiyar” Biritaniya mai suna Bake Off. An nuna shi a talabijin na yau da kullun a cikin sama da ƙasashe 30, amma ba a Amurka ba, inda PBS ta ƙi shi gaba ɗaya, da tsoro, a cewar wani mai zartarwa, game da martanin sabuwar gwamnatin Reagan. A Biritaniya da Ostiraliya, an watsa shi ba tare da talla ba - lokaci daya kawai, a iya sanina, wannan ya faru a tallan tallan talla.
Bayan watsa labarai na Burtaniya, sama da buhu 40 na ofis sun isa ofisoshin ATV da ke Birmingham, wasiku aji 26,000 a matakin farko kadai. Ka tuna wannan lokaci ne kafin imel da Facebook. A cikin wasikun an biya Yuro miliyan 1 - mafi yawansu a cikin adadi kaɗan daga waɗanda ba su da ƙarfin bayarwa. “Wannan na Kambodiya ne,” in ji wani direban bas, yana mai haɗa albashin mako. 'Yan fansho sun aika fansho. Uwa daya tilo ta aiko mata da savings 50. Mutane sun zo gidana tare da kayan wasa da kuɗi, da kuma koke-koke don Thatcher da baitukan fusata ga Pol Pot da kuma abokin aikinsa, Shugaba Richard Nixon, wanda bama-bamansa suka sa hanzarin haɓakar mai tsatsauran ra'ayin.
A karo na farko, BBC ta goyi bayan fim na ITV. Shirin Blue Peter din ya bukaci yara su "kawo su saya" kayan wasan yara a shagunan Oxfam a duk fadin kasar. A lokacin Kirsimeti, yaran sun ɗaga adadin the 3,500,000. A duk faɗin duniya, Shekarar Zero ta tara sama da dala miliyan 55, galibi waɗanda ba a nema ba, kuma hakan ya kawo taimako kai tsaye ga Kambodiya: magunguna, allurar rigakafi da kuma kafa dukkan masana'antar tufafi da ke ba mutane damar yin watsi da baƙin tufafin da aka tilasta su sawa Pol Pot. Kamar dai masu sauraro sun daina zama masu kallo kuma sun zama mahalarta.
Wani abu makamancin haka ya faru a Amurka lokacin da Gidan Talabijin na CBS ya watsa fim din Edward R. Murrow, Girbi na Kunya, a cikin 1960. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da yawancin Amurkawa masu tsaka-tsaki a duniya ke kallon yadda talaucin yake a tsakanin su.
Girbi na Shame shine labarin ma agriculturalaikatan aikin gona na ƙaura waɗanda ba a kula da su sosai fiye da bayi. A yau, gwagwarmayar tasu tana da ma'anar hali kamar yadda bakin haure da 'yan gudun hijirar ke yaqi don aiki da aminci a wuraren kasashen waje. Abinda yake da ban mamaki shine yara da jikokin wasu daga cikin mutanen wannan fim zasu kasance da tasirin zalunci da tsauraran matakan Shugaba Trump.
A cikin Amurka a yau, babu wani daidai da Edward R. Murrow. An gama amfani da irin maganganun sa na magana, wanda ba a bayyana shi ba game da aikin jaridar ta Amurkan a abin da ake kira babban abin da ya shafi duniya kuma ya sami mafaka a cikin intanet.
Biritaniya ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fewan ƙasashe inda har yanzu ana nuna fina-finai a cikin talabijin na yau da kullun lokacin da galibin mutane ke farke. Amma masu rubutun da suka sabawa hikimar da aka samu suna zama nau'in hadari, a wannan lokacin muna matukar bukatar su fiye da kowane lokaci.
A cikin binciken bayan bincike, lokacin da aka tambayi mutane abin da za su so fiye da talabijin, sai su ce shirin gaskiya. Ban yi imani da cewa suna nufin wani nau'in shirye-shiryen al'amuran yau da kullun ba ne wanda ya kasance dandamali ga 'yan siyasa da “masana” waɗanda ke shafar daidaitaccen daidaituwa tsakanin manyan masu iko da waɗanda abin ya shafa.
Littattafan lura suna da shahara; amma fina-finai game da filin jirgin sama da 'yan sanda masu motoci ba sa ma'anar duniya. Suna nishaɗi.
Kyawawan shirye-shiryen David Attenborough akan duniyar duniya suna ba da ma'anar canjin yanayi - a hankali.
Panorama ta BBC tana nuna ma'anar goyon bayan Biritaniya a asirce na jihadi a Syria - a jinkiri.
Amma me yasa Trump ya kunna wuta zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya? Me yasa kasashen yamma suka kusanci yaki da Rasha da China?
Yi alama da kalmomin mai ba da labarin a cikin Wasannin Yaƙin Peter Watkins: “A kusan kusan batun batun makaman nukiliya, yanzu kusan za a iya yin shuru a jaridu, da Talabijin. Akwai fata a cikin kowane yanayin da ba a warware ba ko kuma wanda ba zai iya faɗi ba. Amma shin akwai kyakkyawan fata a cikin wannan shuru? "
A cikin 2017, shirun ya dawo.
Ba labari bane cewa an cire abubuwan kariya kan makaman nukiliya a natse kuma yanzu Amurka tana kashe dala miliyan 46 a kowace awa akan makaman nukiliya: wannan ya kai dala miliyan 4.6 a kowace awa, awa 24 a rana, kowace rana. Waye ya san hakan?
Yawan da ya zo a kasar Sin, wanda na kammala a bara, an watsa shi a Burtaniya amma ba a Amurka ba - inda kashi 90 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar ba za su iya ambata ko gano babban birnin Koriya ta Arewa ko bayyana dalilin da ya sa Trump ke son rusa shi ba. China na kusa da Koriya ta Arewa.
A cewar wani mai raba fim din "mai ci gaba" a Amurka, jama'ar Amurka suna sha'awar kawai abin da ta kira "masu halin kirki" ne. Wannan lambar lamba ce ta "duban ni" kayan kwastomomin da yanzu suke cinyewa da tsoratarwa da amfani da yawancin sanannun al'adunmu, yayin juya baya ga masu yin fim daga batun da gaggawa kamar kowane a wannan zamani.
Wani mawaƙi ɗan Rasha Yevgeny Yevtushenko ya ce: "Idan aka maye gurbin gaskiya da shiru, shirun ƙarya ne."
Duk lokacin da matasa masu shirya fim suka tambaye ni ta yaya zasu “kawo sauyi”, sai in amsa cewa abu ne mai sauki. Suna buƙatar karya shirun.
Bi John Pilger akan twitter @johnpilger
