Ba aikin ba ne, yana da kasada, ko kuma
saka tufafinka shine sabon camo
By CJ Hinke
An cire daga Free Radicals: Tsohon War a cikin Kurkuku by CJ Hinke, mai zuwa daga ranar shahadar 2016.
Akwai dalilai da yawa don barin aikin soja yayin da akwai masu gudu. Dukan 'yan bindigar' yan kasar suna son su kwace samari lokacin da basu da ilimi, rashin fahimta, da rashin aikin yi. Yana daukan wani soja da ya fi ƙarfin hali ya jefa kayan makami maimakon ya kashe baƙo.
Akwai 'yan gudun hijirar a kowace ƙasa da ke da makamai. Sojoji suna buƙatar biyayyar makafi da mutane suna neman 'yanci.
Me ya sa mutane suka rabu? Babu shakka ba daga matsala ba. Yana buƙatar karin ƙarfin hali don rabu da shirin da kuma dogara ga ƙetare-karya. 36% na maza suna fuskantar fagen fama a karo na farko sun fi jin tsoron kasancewa mai lahani fiye da ciwo ko kashe su.
Maganganun masana kimiyya sun kira magungunan yaki da sunayen da yawa. A Yakin Yakin Amurka, DaCosta ko cutar soja; a yakin duniya na, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙyama, rikitarwa ko fugue state, fassarar jirgin; a yakin duniya na biyu, yakin yaƙi, yakin yaƙi; a {asar Vietnam, fama da wahala, magance fama, magance matsalolin tashin hankali; zuwa ga halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu na zamani wanda ke fama da rikice-rikicen da aka yi tsakanin sojojin Gulf da kuma direbobi.
Dukkan wadannan bincikar binciken an dakatar da su a wani lokaci kuma sun ambaci censored, har ma a cikin mujallolin likita. Manufar magani shine, ba shakka, don aika sojoji zuwa yaki. An cire 600,000 daga rundunar sojojin Amurka kawai don maganganun neuropsychiatric. Kamar yadda aka gani Fortune mujallar, a farkon yakin duniya na biyu, "shekaru 25 bayan karshen 'Warren' War, kusan rabin raunin 67,000 a asibitin gwamnatin Veterans har yanzu suna shagaltar da wadanda suka mutu a yakin duniya na 1." Fiye da ɗaya- kwata na dukan yakin duniya na biyu da aka yi wa lakabi sun kasance masu ilimin likita.
Maƙaryata ba su da matsala. Mutane da yawa ba su son kashe bayan shiga soja. Sauran sun sami rikici na akida. Wasu suna da 'yan uwansu matalauta a gida. Ƙasar dama ko kuskure? Abin da banza ba ne!
"Maganganu" wani lokaci ne a cikin 'yan Adam. Muna tunanin su "masu dawowa" daga haukacin duk yakin. Muna jira su dawo gida, suna alfaharin cewa ba za su kashe kowa ba.
Ko da yake Amurka ta yanke hukuncin kisa a lokacin yakin basasa, babu wani dan Amurka wanda ya yi watsi da watanni 24 tun watan Satumba 11, 2001. Ka'idoji na Nuremburg sun bukaci soja ya ki amincewa da duk wani umarni wanda zai iya haifar da aikata laifuffuka akan bil'adama. (Kuma abin da ya kasance yaki!)
War na 1812 (1812-1815)
12.7% na dukkanin sojojin Amurka sun rabu da su a kwatanta da 14.8% a yayin da suke aiki. Wannan shi ne mafi yawancin sakamakon hukuncin kisa na irin wannan "cin amana". Mutane da yawa sun fuskanci kisa.
Ƙasar Amirka ta Mexican (1846-1848)
8.3%, 9,200 sojojin Amurka sun yashe.
Rundunar Sojan Amirka (1861-1865)
Rundunar Sojojin Arewa ta Arewa ta fuskanci raguwa mafi girma fiye da rikicewar kudancin kasar. Fiye da magungunan 87,000 an rubuta su ne daga jihohi uku na arewaci, watau 180,000 duka a cikin ƙarshen yaki. A kudanci an ce an rasa 103,400 ta hanyar tserewa ta hanyar yakin, ciki har da sassan sojoji. Duk da haka, kamar yadda 278,000 na 500,000 sojojin suka rasa ta ƙarshen yaki. Mark Twain ya bar daga bangarorin biyu. William Smitz daga Arewacin Pennylvania Masu ba da agaji sun kasance masu tserewa da harbe-harbe a cikin 1865.
Yakin duniya na (1914-1918)
240,000 Birtaniya da Commonwealth sun yi shari'ar kotu kuma an kashe 346 saboda yankewa, rashin tsoro, barin sakonni, ƙi umarni, ko kuma fitar da makamai daga 3,080 hukuncin kisa a lokacin "War to End All Wars", ciki har da 25 Canadians da 22 Irishmen. Ana tunawa da su ne da Shot at Dawn Memorial a Staffordshire. An yi bikin tunawa a kan mai suna Private Herbert Burden, mai suna 17 mai shekaru goma, wanda aka rufe idanunsa kuma an rataye shi a kan gungume. Kusan dukkanin wadannan sunayen 'yan gudun hijirar nan ba a kara da su ba a lokacin tunawa. Wasu, ko da yake ba kusan kowa ba ne, gwamnatin Birtaniya ta gafarta masa. Wasu 'yan sun ƙi idanunsu a lokacin da suke fuskantar kungiyoyin farar hula, suna zabar su dubi su. (Kuma waɗannan matalauta ne?)?)
Fiye da sojojin 600 Faransa sun kashe domin hallaka.
An kashe sojojin Jamus 15 don yankewa.
28 New Zealand 'yan gudun hijira aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa kuma biyar aka kashe. Wadannan sojoji sun rasa rayukansu a cikin 2000.
Sojojin Amurka sun rubuta mawaki na 21,282 da shugaban kasar Woodrow Wilson sunyi dukan hukuncin 24 hukuncin kisa ga 'yan fashi.
Yakin duniya na biyu (1939-1945)
Fiye da magungunan 21,000 na Amurka sun yi watsi da mutuwar a lokacin "The Good War". Kodayake 49 aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa, guda ɗaya, Private Eddie Slovik, wani soja wanda ya bayar da gudummawa don share ma'adinai, an kashe shi ne a ranar Janairu 31, 1945 a Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines a Faransa. Maganarsa ta ƙarshe ita ce, "Zan sake gudu idan zan tafi can."
Babban Kwamandan Jagora da Shugaban Amurka, Dwight D. Eisenhower, ya tabbatar da hukuncin kisa na kasar Slovakia, yana cewa "yana da muhimmanci don warware matsalolin da ake ci gaba". Slovik ya ce, "Suna harbe ni don gurasa da kuma shan mawaki na sata lokacin da nake da shekaru 12."
An kori hukuncin kisa na kasar Slovakiya daga farar hula na Faransanci. An rataye shi a makamai da tuta, gwiwoyi, da kuma takalma kuma sun rataye shi daga wani kwalliya a kan shinge shida da shida a kan bangon dutsen gida na Faransa. An bai wa sojojin 12 M-1 bindigogi, wanda ɗaya daga cikinsu ya ƙunshi nau'i na gaba. Bayan na farko volley, Private Slovakia bai mutu ba; ya mutu yayin da sojoji ke sake saukewa. Eddie Slovik shi ne farkon dan asalin Amurka wanda za'a kashe tun lokacin da Lincoln ya kasance shugaba. Shi ne 24.
An binne dan kabilar Slovik a cikin kabari wanda aka rubuta a Row 3, 65 na Gidan Firayi na "E" tare da sojojin Amurka na 95 da aka kashe domin fyade da kisan kai, har sai 1987 lokacin da shugaban kasar Ronald Reagan ya umarci komawarsa. An binne shi a Detroit, kusa da matarsa, Antoinette. Tana ta roki shugabannin Amurka guda bakwai don dawowa har sai ta mutu a 1979, ba tare da samun GI ba.
Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya ga 1.7 miliyan shari'ar Amurka, wanda kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk laifin Amurka. A watan Mayu 1942 kawai, akwai abubuwan da aka cire daga 2,822 daga wajibi.
Fiye da sojojin 1,500 sojojin Austrian sun watsar da Jamusanci Wehrmacht. An fara gwagwarmayar su a cikin 1988 tare da taken, "Maƙasudin baya ba shi da damuwa, yaki ne". A cikin 2014, wani abin tunawa ne, abin tunawa ga wadanda aka kashe Nazi. Siffar ta zauna a Vienna a gaban Tsohon Ministan Australiya da kuma Shugaban Ofishin. An rubuta shi kawai tare da kalmomi guda biyu, "duk kadai".
A Jamus, an kashe sojoji fiye da 15,000 saboda mulkin Nazi. An tuna su a 2007 da Deserteur Denkmal a Stuttgart. An sadaukar da shi "Ga masu gudu daga dukan yaƙe-yaƙe".
War a kan Vietnam (1955-1975)
Akalla 50,000 sojojin Amurka sun yashe, ciki harda wadanda suka gudu zuwa Kanada, Faransa da Sweden.
{Ungiyar Soviet, a dukan tarihinsa, 1917-1991, ta kashe magungunan 158,000, da kuma jami'an tsaro, na 135,000, na kurkuku. An tura karin fursunonin Soviet na 1.5 fiye da miliyan Xaya da dama a kan rassan Siberia akan sake dawo da su saboda rashin amincewa a cikin matsayi.
60,000-80,000 kabilanci na iyakar Soviet daga yankunan musulmi na tsakiya na Asiya sun ragu a lokacin Afghanistan War War 1979-1989. Har ila yau, sojojin {asar ta 85,000, sun gudu daga wannan lokacin.
Yaƙe-yaƙe a Afghanistan, Iraki, da yawa (2001-yanzu)
Tun da 2000, Pentagon ya kwatanta fiye da sojojin 40,000 sun fita daga dukkan bangarori na aikin soja. A 2001 kadai, 7,978 ya gudu.
Fiye da 5,500 Amurka sojojin suka gudu daga 2003-2004. A 2005, sojojin 3,456 sun watse. By 2006, lambar ta kai 8,000.
A cikin 2006, sojojin Birtaniya sun bayar da rahotanni a game da magoya bayan 1,000.
An tuhumi Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl a Amurka tare da raunata da kuma "rashin adalci" a gaban abokan gaba bayan ya bar mukaminsa a Afghanistan a 2009. Yawancin yan Taliban ne suka kama shi da shekaru biyar kafin a musayar shi a cikin 2014 domin wasu manyan 'yan Afghanistan guda shida da Amurka ke gudanar a gidan kurkuku a Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. Mutumin ya mutu kafin a musayar shi da Amurka ta kaddamar da Taliban guda biyar, babban kwamandan ma'aikata, Mataimakin Minista na Intanet, Tsohon Minista na ciki, da manyan kwamandoji biyu. Kungiyar Taliban ta bukaci dala miliyan 1 da kuma sakin 'yan jarida na 21 da Afghanistan tare da masanin kimiyyar Pakistani wanda ya kashe sojojin Amurka. (Shugaba Obama na hakika yana "yin hulɗa tare da 'yan ta'adda." Dokar-in-Chief ya ɗauki hoto da dangin Bargdahl a cikin Rose Garden.)
Ya bayyana cewa an gurfanar da saurayi ne saboda, idan bai kasance ba, zai iya buƙatar biyan bashin daga gwamnatin Amurka saboda fursunonin yaki. ({Asar Amirka na iya kashe tamanin a kan yaƙe-yaƙe, da kuma biya wa] ansu kotu, amma bai yarda ya rama wa] ansu soja ba!) Bergdahl yana fuskantar hukuncin kisa a kotu.
Don haka menene wannan ɗan littafin Idaho da ke karatun gida wanda ya yi karatu a fannin fasahar wasanni da ballet, bai taba mallakar mota ba kuma ya hau ko'ina ta hanyar keke a cikin sojan, duk da haka? Shahararren: Mawallafin soja za su dauki duk abincin da za su iya samu! Bowe ya tafi daga tsawon shekara guda a wani gidan ibada na Buddha ya kai zuwa makarantar bashi a Fort Benning. Kamar Pvt. Slovik, Sgt. Bergdahl, ya sanar da burinsa ya "yi tafiya cikin duwatsu na Pakistan"., Ya ɗauki kullunsa kawai. Bayan da ya fara karatun Pashto, Bergdahl ya yi amfani da shi tare da 'yan Afghanistan fiye da sojoji na' ungiyar ta '' counterinsurgence '. Ya rubuta iyayensa "yana jin kunyar zama dan Amurka" kuma ya yi la'akari da watsi da matsayin dan kasa na Amurka, karamin ɗakin da Fadar White House ta binne. Iyayensa sun sake rubutawa, "KUMA KUMA KUMA!"
64% na Canadians sun yi kira ga gwamnati su karbi 'yan gudun hijira na Amurka bayan da wasu motsa jiki biyu na jinƙai suka shiga majalisar a 2008 da 2009. Daruruwan 'yan gudun hijirar Amirka sun gudu zuwa Kanada.
Duk da haka, wa] annan} o} arin da ake yi na majalisar ba su da kariya. Gwamnatin Kanada ta karbi manufar ƙaddamar da hare-haren zuwa Amurka, a cikin bambancin da ke faruwa a zamanin Vietnam, kuma yawancin 'yan Amurkewa suna tafiya karkashin kasa a Kanada.
BBC ta yi tsokaci game da batun shari'ar yakin Iraki da ke adawa da Jeremy Hinzman a 2004: "Amurkawa da ke cikin matsala sun kasance suna gudu zuwa Kanada tsawon ƙarni… a lokacin juyin juya halin Amurka… zuwa yanci… ”.
Ko da yake na ba da shawara, taimakawa da kuma sanya dubban daruruwan Vietnam wadanda suka ƙi shiga cikin 1960s a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kasuwanci, Resistance, da Kwamitin Kwamitin Kasuwanci, Ban da ƙananan hulɗa da mutanen Amurka. Na farko sun yi kira ga rushewa a wani babban taron jama'a na Genuikin wanda ke gaban babban mayakan sojan Amurka da ke tura sojojin zuwa Vietnam a Naha, Okinawa, a 1969. Na isa ta jirgin ruwa kuma na tafi cikin jirgin sama mai zaman kansa.
Har yanzu ina yin shawarwari, shawarwari, taimako da kuma wulakantawa da kowa a cikin aikin soja a ko'ina. Maƙaryata ba kawai 'yan kasa ne ba. Su ne jarumawan duniya wadanda suka ƙi kashe fararen hula da sojoji a kasar waje.
Ba za ku iya yin wani abu mafi kyau fiye da ƙi kashe. Idan kun kasance cikin soja, wani soja, kuyi abin da ke daidai: RUN AWAY!
##
References
Wikipedia, "Ƙaura"
Charles Glass, Deserters: Bayani na Ƙarshe na Ƙarshe na Yakin Duniya na Biyu, 2013.
William Bradford Huie, Kashe Harshen Sashen Harkokin Jama'a, 1954. Hoton 1974 da sunan guda ɗaya bisa ga littafin kuma Martin Martin.
Benedict B. Kimmelman, "Misalin Samar da Jama'ar Harkokin Nahiyar Afirka", Gidajen Amirka, Satumba / Oktoba 1987. http: /www.americanheritage.com/node/55767
Joseph Heller, Kama-22, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1961.
Ray Rigby, The Hill, New York: John Day, 1965.
14 Responses
Ya kusan Game da Lokaci, US dupes.
Shin idan sun yi yaki, kuma babu wanda ya zo? Ina girmama masu gudu saboda ba nunawa ba.
Gwamnati za ta ci gaba da yaki. Kaddamarwa ko cin hanci ne hanyoyi masu mahimmanci na 2 na samun damar cin abinci. Kamar yadda duk wani aiki za su iya hayar wa anda suke amfani. Dakatar da shiga! Kodayake ƙarfin yana samuwa idan an yi amfani da shi.
Ba ku ji ba… akwai yaƙi a kan mata. Maza da maza suna da sauƙi.
Dogon lokaci mai daraja na Amurka
Shin game da Birtaniya, Faransanci, Jamusanci Rasha, Jafananci, Sinanci
Kusan 'yan gudun hijira na Red Army, sun harbe su. Yan kaɗan daga cikin mutanen Japan wadanda suka mutu a cikin Pacific, sun rufe kansu a cikin kogo, 'yan kaɗan daga cikin' yan Jamus, sun kuma harbe su
A'a, raunin da ake yi wa kansa ya zama wata hanyar fita a Amurka amma ya sami bullet a cikin Red Army
wanene al'adar rushewa?
Duk abin da bergdahl ya yi shi ne ya gaya wa sgt. cewa shi
yana so ya bayyana mai ƙin yarda da matsayi
za a kwantar da shi kuma ya aika gida zuwa ga wadanda ba a yaki ba
aiki. muna da quaker a mcrd san diego a 52 ya
An aika babban ɗakin horar da jiragen ruwa a cikin kogin
horar da gawawakin. yaya mawuyacin hakan?
Idan ba za ku iya gudanar da komai yadda yakamata ba, a kalla “ku harba kuskure”. Sannan aƙalla zaka iya rayuwa tare da lamirinka.
Wani tsohon soja daga yaƙe-yaƙenmu na kwanan nan a tsakiyar gabas ya gaya mani “Ina ƙyama idan mutane suka gode mini don aikina. Ina da ladabi amma gaskiyar ita ce, na tsoratar da mutane. Na buga kafa a cikin kofofinsu, na jefa gurneti a cikin dakuna cike da mata da yara, ina ta kwarkwasa a kusurwa - na cika su cike da gubar saboda ba mu ga hannayensu ba. ” Ina tsammanin zan iya fahimtar dalilin da yasa mutum zai ƙi yin hakan.
Duk masu fashi da mawallafin zartaswa sun cancanci samun kwanciyar hankali maras iyaka da dan kasa a duk ƙasashe da suke so.
Akwai kuskure a kan wannan labarin. Vietnam ba 500,000 ba 50,000 ba. A cewar wani rahoto na Pentagon. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/marjorie-cohn/us-government-sanitizes-v_b_6003704.html
Gaskiya yana daukar mutum mai karfi, mai karfin hali da kirki don ya iya tsayawa kuma ya ƙi yin yaki da yaki ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma kada ya shiga wasu abubuwa masu banƙyama da aka yi wa mutanen Iraki. Ina goyon bayan su a kowace hanya kuma ina son su da kyau kuma suna sha'awar mutum mai kyau da suke da su.
A cikin binciken binciken sassa, na sami dan uwan na biyu ko na ukun wanda ya kasance mai ƙiyayya a cikin yakin duniya na biyu. Na riƙe shi a matsayin babban girma kamar yadda na yi dukan dangina da suka yi yakin a yakin duniya na biyu.
Bayani an yi “Mai zaman kansa Eddie Slovik, sojan da ya ba da kansa don share wuraren hakar ma’adinai…” Shin akwai inda za a iya tabbatar da tushen wannan bayanin? Suna don (Wanene) yayi bayanin ko bayar da bayanin don labarinku? Kwanan wata (Yaushe)? Wuri (Ina)? Yanayin da aka yi bayanin (kafin, lokacin, bayan kotun soja, ko kafin aiwatar da hukuncin da aka aiwatar)? Jawabin yana da mahimmancin tasiri dangane da tsananin nazarin doka / tarihi da kuma bincika fayil ɗin shari'ar Slovakiya!
Babu shakka babu wani abu da za a iya yi, wasu tabbatattun abubuwan da ke faruwa…
En général les gens qui s'engagent dans les armées Occidentales da surtout dans l'infanterie savent très bien qu'ils vont devoir “tuer” a un moment ou autre lors de leurs carrière.
Har ila yau, muna ba da damar yin amfani da mota da kuma cibiyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don yin amfani da su.
A kan tombe souvent sur les mêmes statistics, desertion au bout de 2 ans de service, soit après un ou deux déploiements. Tout ce petit monde construit par nos institutions depuis notre enfance s'écroule, on se sent trahis et on va au régiment avec une boule au ventre.
Pour conclure je dirais que les institutions militaire adopte la stratégie de ”la meilleurs défense c'est l'attaque” jusqu'au bout en stigmatisant d'office les déserteurs alors que en réalité ils nous conditionne zuba pratiquer un abus de confiance.