By Lawrence Wittner, Nuwamba 7, 2017.
Maɗaukaki barazanar makaman nukiliya Koma da baya tsakanin Koriya ta Arewa da Amurka sun tuna da wani taron da na shiga a cikin kwanakin 1961, lokacin da na kasance babban jami'in Columbia College.
A karshen watan Agusta 1961, da Gwamnatin Soviet ta sanar da cewa ta janye daga dakatar da gwajin makaman nukiliyar da Amurka da Soviet da Birtaniyya suka yi wanda ya dakatar da irin wadannan gwaje-gwajen a cikin shekaru ukun da suka gabata yayin da gwamnatocin uku suka yi kokarin amincewa da yarjejeniyar hana gwajin. Sake dawo da gwajin makaman nukiliya na gwamnatin Soviet wanda ya biyo baya ya tashi a watan Oktoba ta fashewarsa a cikin yanayi na bam ɗin megaton hydrogen 50, mafi girman makamin nukiliya da aka taɓa fashewa. A halin yanzu, gwamnatin Kennedy, da kudurin ba zata wuce gona da iri ba wajen nuna “karfin” kasa, da sauri ta ci gaba da gwajin makamin nukiliyar Amurka a karkashin kasa kuma ta fara tattaunawa kan sake dawowar Amurka na gwajin makamin nukiliya a sararin samaniya.
Ta mahangar mutane da yawa a cikin ƙasashen biyu - hakika, a duniya - wannan sake shiga cikin tseren makaman nukiliya abin tsoro ne. A Columbia, abokiyar zama ta a kwaleji, Mike Weinberg, da ni mun dauki duk kasuwancin da hauka. Gwajin nukiliya a sararin samaniya ya aika da gizagizai na tarkacen makaman nukiliya ("fallout") zuwa sama, tare da kawo musu cutar daji da nakasa haihuwa ga ɗumbin mutane a duniya. Kari kan haka, wadannan gwaje-gwajen bama-bamai na hydrogen ― makaman da za a iya samarwa da sau dubu na karfin barnar bama-bamai wanda ya lalata Hiroshima ― suna cikin shirin don amfani da su a yakin nukiliya. Wannan tseren makaman nukiliyar ya zama kamar tsere ne zuwa bala'i.
A sakamakon haka, wani lokacin da ya fada, Mike da niOt zana wata takarda da ke sanar da wata motar bas ta dalibi zuwa Washington, DC don adawa da sake ci gaba da gwajin nukiliyar Amurka atmosp ya yanke shawarar cewa lokaci ya yi da za mu fita kan tituna mu yi zanga-zanga. Mutane sun riga sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar adawa da makaman nukiliya. Amma ba mu kasance a cikinsu ba. A zahiri, babu ɗayanmu da ya taɓa shiga kowane irin yaƙin neman zaɓe na siyasa.
A safiyar safiyar ɗalibin zuwa Washington, mun juya sanye da kayan aikinmu (don burge duk wani jami'in gwamnati da zai gan mu) a wata motar haya, da aka ajiye kusa da harabar Columbia, sai kawai muka tsinci kanmu a cikin wani yanayi na bohemian tattara. Samarin sun yi wasa da takalmi da gemu, matan safa da kifin dogo. Duk da bambance-bambancen salo, kodayake, mun kafa ƙungiyar sada zumunci, ta zuriya yayin da muke lalata manyan titunan daga New York City zuwa babban birnin ƙasar don fuskantar mu da ikon gwamnati.
Zuwana a Fadar White House, na ɗauki abin da na ɗauka a matsayin wata alama ta wayo (“Kennedy, Kar ku Mimic da Russia!”) Daga tarin da wani ya zo da shi, tare da sauran masu zanga-zangar (wanda aka ƙara da motar ta biyu ta ɗalibai, daga kwalejin Quaker a Midwest), sun ƙirƙiri wani ɗan ƙaramin layi wanda yake zagaye da wasu bishiyoyi a wajen fadar White House. Ni da Mike, a matsayin sabbin masu neman aiki, muna ta kewaya duk yini ba tare da mun huta don cin abincin rana ko abincin dare ba.
Shekaru da yawa, na sake waiwaya kan wannan kamfani kamar ɗan abin da ya fi dacewa da batun abin dariya. Bayan duk wannan, mu da sauran ƙananan ƙungiyoyin masu zanga-zangar ba za mu iya yin wani tasiri a kan manufofin Amurka ba, ko za mu iya? Bayan haka, a tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, yayin da nake yin bincike a dakin karatun Shugaban Kasa na John F. Kennedy a Boston game da tarihin yunkurin kwance damarar nukiliya a duniya, na yi tuntuɓe akan Tattaunawar tarihin tarihin Adrian Fisher, mataimakin darakta na Hukumar Kula da Makamai ta Amurka. Yana bayanin dalilin da yasa Kennedy ya jinkirta dawo da gwajin nukiliya na yanayi har zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu 1962, duk da ci gaba da gwajin nukiliyar Soviet a cikin watanni takwas da suka gabata. Kennedy da kansa ya so ya ci gaba da wadannan gwaje-gwajen na nukiliyar Amurka, Fisher ya tuna, “amma kuma ya fahimci cewa akwai mutane da yawa da za su yi matukar bakin ciki da Amurka ta sake yin gwajin yanayi. Muna da mutane suna daukar Fadar White House, kuma akwai matukar farin ciki game da hakan ― kawai saboda Rashawa ke yi, me yasa dole mu yi shi? ” Fisher ya karkare da cewa: "Kuma wannan shine dalilin da yasa bamu sake komawa gwajin yanayi ba." Kusan fiye da shekara ɗaya bayan haka, a cikin watan Agusta 1963, bayan matsin lambar jama'a, gwamnatocin Amurka, Soviet, da Burtaniya sun rattaba hannu kan Binciken Bankin Nazarin Bincike, dakatar da gwajin makaman nukiliya a yanayin.
A tsakiyar rikicin nukiliya na yau, shin Donald Trump na Amurka da Kim Jong Un na Koriya ta Arewa za su kasance masu nuna damuwa ga zanga-zangar jama'a? Zai yiwu haka ne; watakila ba. Amma gwamnatoci - hatta wadanda ke karkashin jagorancin masu girman kai, wadanda ba su da hankali ment ba su da rauni ga ra'ayin jama'a. Kuma wanene ya san abin da zai faru idan mutane da yawa suka nace, da ƙarfi da bayyane, cewa ba a yarda da yaƙin nukiliya ba?
Dokta Lawrence Wittner, wanda aka sanya ta hanyar PeaceVoice, shine Farfesa na Tarihi ya fito a SUNY / Albany da marubucin Ganawa Bom (Jami'ar Stanford University Press).
