Dalibai sun yi zanga-zanga a Rome a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 1990, ranar tunawa da kisan gillar Piazza Fontana. Banner yana karanta Gladio = Jiha ta dauki nauyin ta'addanci. Source: Il Post.
By Cym Gomery, Montreal za a World BEYOND War, Mayu 24, 2023
Farkon buga ta Fayilolin Kanada.
A ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2023, Kotun Assize ta Faransa ya ayyana Farfesa Bafalasdine-Kanada Hassan Diab da laifi na harin bam na Rue Copernic a shekarar 1980 a birnin Paris, duk da hujjojin da ke nuna cewa ba ya Faransa a lokacin, amma a Labanon yana jarrabawar ilimin zamantakewa.
Har yanzu, Farfesa Hassan Diab mai tawali'u yana tsaye a tasa keyarsa zuwa Faransa. Kafofin yada labarai da alama sun yi watsi da wannan batu - yawancin 'yan jarida na yau da kullum suna ihu - Kashe kai! – a matsayin kafafen yada labarai masu ci gaba da tsayin daka maimaita gaskiyar lamarin, kamar dai gaskiya, maimaitu sau da yawa isa, zai iya ko ta yaya karkatar da kotuna.
wannan wasan kwaikwayo ya kasance a cikin labarai tun 2007, lokacin da Diab ya sami labarin cewa an zarge shi da harin bam na Rue Copernic daga mai ba da rahoto na Le Figaro. An kama shi a watan Nuwamba 2008, ya fuskanci shari'ar shaida a ƙarshen 2009 kuma ya yi niyyar tura shi a watan Yuni 2011, duk da "rauni mai rauni." An ci gaba da wahalhalu.
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Nuwamba 14, 2014: An mika Diab zuwa Faransa kuma aka daure shi;
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Nuwamba 12, 2016: Alƙali na Faransanci ya gano "Shaidun Dagewa" da ke goyan bayan rashin laifi Diab;
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Nuwamba 15, 2017: Ko da yake alkalan binciken Faransa sun ba da umarnin a saki Diab sau takwas, Kotun daukaka kara ta soke umarnin sakin na karshe (na takwas);
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Janairu 12, 2018: Alkalan Faransawa sun yi watsi da zarge-zargen; An saki Diab daga kurkuku a Faransa;
Yanzu, a cikin 2023, masu gabatar da kara na Faransa sun yanke shawara mai ban mamaki don gwada Diab ba ya nan. Wani hukunci mai ban al'ajabi ma ya sake tayar da wanda aka kama kuma ya tunatar da mu cewa akwai tambayoyi da yawa da ba a warware ba. Diab ya kasance yana shelar rashin laifi. An karyata duk shaidun da masu gabatar da kara na Faransa suka bayar, sau da yawa.
Me yasa gwamnatin Faransa ta himmatu wajen ganin an rufe wannan shari'ar, da kuma wanda ake zarginta daya-daya a bayan gidan yari? Me ya sa ba a taba gudanar da bincike don gano ainihin wanda ya kai harin bam?
Binciken sauran laifuffuka a kusa da lokacin harin bam na Rue Copernic ya nuna cewa gwamnatin Faransa da sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na iya samun dalilai masu duhu na bin diddigi.
Harin bam na Rue Copernic
A lokacin harin bam na majami'ar Rue Copernic (Oktoba 3, 1980), jaridu ya bayyana cewa wani mai kiran da ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya dora alhakin harin a kan wata sanannen kungiyar masu adawa da Yahudawa, Faisceaux masu kishin kasa na Turai. Koyaya, FNE (wanda aka fi sani da FANE) ya musanta alhakin sa'o'i bayan haka.
Labarin tashin bam ya tayar da hankulan jama'a gaba daya a Faransa, amma ko bayan watanni ana bincike. Jaridar Le Monde ta ruwaito cewa babu wanda ake tuhuma.
Harin bam na Rue Copernic wani bangare ne na irin hare-haren da aka kai a wancan lokacin a Turai:
Watanni biyu kacal a baya, a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1980, wani bam a cikin akwati a Bologna, Italiya ya fashe, ya kashe mutane 85 tare da raunata fiye da 200 [1]. Bam din na sojojin Amurka da aka yi amfani da shi ya yi kama da bama-baman da 'yan sandan Italiya suka gano a daya daga cikin juji na Gladio da ke kusa da Trieste. Mambobin kungiyar Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionary (NAR), wata kungiyar Neo-fascist, sun kasance a wurin fashewar kuma suna cikin wadanda suka jikkata. An kama mambobin NAR XNUMX amma daga baya aka sake su saboda tsoma bakin SISMI, hukumar soji ta Italiya.
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A ranar 26 ga Satumba, 1980, wani bututun bam ya tashi a dandalin Oktoberfest na Munich, inda ya kashe mutane 13 tare da jikkata wasu fiye da 200. [2]
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Ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1985, an yi harbe-harbe a babban kanti na Delhaize a Belgium, daya daga cikin jerin abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin 1982 zuwa 1985 da aka fi sani da Kisan gilla wanda yayi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 28. [3]
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Ba a taba gano wadanda suka kashe a wadannan hare-haren ta'addanci ba, kuma an lalata shaida a wasu lokuta. Duban tarihin dakarun zaman Gladio yana taimaka mana mu haɗa ɗigon.
Yadda sojojin Gladio na baya suka zo Turai
Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, 'yan gurguzu sun yi fice sosai a yammacin Turai, musamman a Faransa da Italiya [4]. Wannan ya ɗaga jajayen tutoci ga Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Tsakiya (CIA) a Amurka, kuma babu makawa ga gwamnatocin Italiya da Faransa. Firayim Ministan Faransa Charles De Gaulle da jam'iyyarsa ta Socialist dole ne su hada kai da Amurka ko kuma su yi kasadar rasa muhimmin shirin tattalin arziki na Marshall.
Da farko De Gaulle ya yi wa 'yan jam'iyyar kwaminisanci (PCF) alkawarin kyautatawa a gwamnatinsa, amma shawarwarin 'yan majalisar dokokin PCF kan manufofin "tsattsauran ra'ayi" kamar yanke kasafin kudin soja ya haifar da rashin jituwa tsakanin su da De Gaulle na Faransa Socialist.
Abin kunya na farko (1947)
A cikin 1946, PCF ta yi alfahari da kusan membobi miliyan daya, yawan karanta jaridunta guda biyu na yau da kullun, tare da kula da kungiyoyin matasa da kungiyoyin kwadago. Amurka mai adawa da kwaminisanci da sabis na sirri sun yanke shawarar fara yaƙin sirri akan PCF, lambar mai suna "Plan Bleu." Sun yi nasarar korar PCF daga majalisar ministocin Faransa. Duk da haka, Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Socialist Edouard Depreux ya bayyana shirin shirin Bleu na adawa da gurguzu a ƙarshen 1946 kuma an rufe shi a cikin 1947.
Abin takaici, yakin sirrin da ake yi da ‘yan gurguzu bai kare a nan ba. Firayim Ministan gurguzu na Faransa Paul Ramadier ya shirya sabuwar runduna ta sirri a karkashin kulawar Service de documentation extérieure et de contre-sepionnage (SDECE) [5]. An sake yiwa sojojin asiri suna 'Rose des Vents' - mai nuni ga alamar tauraro na kungiyar NATO - kuma an horar da su don aiwatar da zagon kasa, 'yan daba da ayyukan tattara bayanan sirri.
Sojojin sirri sun tafi dan damfara (1960s)
Da yakin neman ‘yancin kan Aljeriya a farkon shekarun 1960, gwamnatin Faransa ta fara rashin aminta da sojojinta na sirri. Duk da cewa De Gaulle da kansa ya goyi bayan 'yancin kai na Aljeriya, a cikin 1961, sojojin sirri ba su [6]. Sun yi watsi da duk wata alaka da gwamnati, inda suka yi amfani da sunan l'Organisation de l'armée secret (OAS), suka fara kashe fitattun jami'an gwamnati a Algiers, da aiwatar da kisan gilla ga musulmi, da kai samame a bankuna [7].
Watakila OAS ta yi amfani da rikicin Aljeriya a matsayin damar “karfafa rukunan” don aikata laifukan tashin hankali waɗanda ba su taɓa kasancewa cikin ainihin abin da ta ke so ba: don kare kai daga mamayewar Soviet. Cibiyoyin demokradiyya kamar majalisar dokokin Faransa da gwamnati sun rasa iko da rundunonin sirri.
SDECE da SAC sun ƙi amincewa, amma sun kauce wa adalci (1981-82)
A cikin 1981, SAC, rundunar sirri da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin De Gaulle, tana kan iyakar ikonta, tare da mambobi 10,000 da suka haɗa da 'yan sanda, masu cin kasuwa, 'yan fashi, da mutane masu ra'ayi na dama. Koyaya, kisan gillar da aka yi wa tsohon shugaban 'yan sanda na SAC Jacques Massif da dukan danginsa a cikin Yuli 1981, ya sa sabon zababben shugaban kasa Francois Mitterand ya fara binciken majalisar dokokin SAC [8].
Watanni shida na shaida ya nuna cewa ayyukan SDECE, SAC da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na OAS a Afirka suna da alaƙa da alaƙa kuma an ba da kuɗin SAC ta kudaden SDECE da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi [9].
Kwamitin bincike na Mitterand ya kammala da cewa sojojin sirri na SAC sun kutsa cikin gwamnati tare da yin tada kayar baya. Jami'an leken asiri, "wanda ake kora ta Cold War phobias" sun karya doka kuma sun tara yawan laifuka.
Gwamnatin Francois Mitterand ta ba da umarnin rusa rundunar sirrin soja ta SDECE, amma hakan bai faru ba. SDECE kawai an sake masa suna a matsayin Direction Generale de la Securité Extérieure (DGSE), kuma Admiral Pierre Lacoste ya zama sabon Darakta. Lacoste ya ci gaba da tafiyar da sojojin sirri na DGSE tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da NATO [10].
Wataƙila babban aikin da DGSE ya yi shi ne abin da ake kira "Operation Satanque:" A ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1985, sojojin sojan asiri sun kai hari kan jirgin ruwan Greenpeace Rainbow Warrior wanda ya yi zanga-zangar lumana a kan gwajin makaman nukiliya na Faransa a cikin Pacific [11]. An tilastawa Admiral Lacoste yin murabus bayan da aka gano laifin da aka aikata a hannun DGSE, Ministan Tsaro Charles Hernu da kuma shugaban kasar Francois Mitterand da kansa.
A cikin Maris 1986, 'yancin siyasa ya lashe zaben 'yan majalisa a Faransa, kuma Firayim Minista Gaullist Jacques Chirac ya koma Shugaba Mitterrand a matsayin shugaban kasa.
1990: Abin kunya na Gladio
A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1990, Firayim Ministan Italiya Giulio Andreotti ya tabbatar da wanzuwar lambar sojan sirri mai suna "Gladio" - kalmar Latin don "takobi" - a cikin jihar. Shaidar da ya bayar a gaban kwamitin majalisar dattijai da ke binciken ta’addanci a Italiya ya girgiza majalisar dokokin Italiya da kuma jama’a.
Kafar yada labaran Faransa ta bayyana a lokacin cewa an horar da sojojin na sirri na Faransa kan amfani da makamai, da sarrafa abubuwan fashewa, da kuma amfani da na’urorin sadarwa a wurare daban-daban na kasar Faransa.
Koyaya, mai yiwuwa Chirac ya kasance ƙasa da sha'awar ganin an bincika tarihin sojojin asirin Faransa, kasancewar kansa ya kasance shugaban SAC a 1975 [12]. Babu wani bincike da majalisar ta gudanar a hukumance, kuma yayin da ministan tsaro Jean Pierre Chevenement ya nuna rashin son ransa ga manema labarai cewa akwai dakaru na sirri, ya bayyana cewa sun kasance tarihi. Sai dai daga baya firaministan Italiya Giulio Andreotti ya sanar da manema labarai cewa wakilan sojojin na Faransa na sirri sun halarci taron Gladio Allied Clandestine Committee (ACC) da aka yi a Brussels a kwanan baya a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1990—wani abin kunya ga 'yan siyasar Faransa.
1990 zuwa 2007 - NATO da CIA a cikin yanayin sarrafa lalacewa
Gwamnatin Italiya ta dauki shekaru goma, daga 1990 zuwa 2000, don kammala bincikenta tare da fitar da rahoto wanda musamman. ya shafi Amurka da CIA a kisan kiyashi daban-daban, tashin bama-bamai da sauran ayyukan soji.
NATO da CIA sun ki yin tsokaci kan wadannan zarge-zargen, da farko sun musanta cewa sun taba gudanar da ayyukan sirri, sannan suka janye musun tare da kin karin bayani, suna kiran "al'amura na sirrin soja". Koyaya, tsohon darektan CIA William Colby karya daraja a cikin tarihinsa, yana ikirari cewa kafa sojojin sirri a Yammacin Turai ya kasance "babban shiri" ga CIA.
Motsi da abin koyi
Idan an umarce su da yakar kwaminisanci kawai, me yasa Gladio dakaru masu zaman kansu za su kai hare-hare masu yawa a kan fararen hula mabambantan akida, kamar kisan gillar bankin Piazza Fontana (Milan), kisan kiyashin Munich Oktobafest (1980), babban kanti na Belgium. harbi (1985)? A cikin faifan bidiyo "Rundunar sirrin NATO", masu bincike sun nuna cewa wadannan hare-haren na nufin samar da amincewar jama'a ne don kara tsaro da kuma ci gaba da yakin sanyi. Kisan gilla na Brabant, alal misali, ya zo daidai da zanga-zangar adawa da NATO a Belgium a wancan lokacin, kuma an harba bama-bamai na Greenpeace Rainbow Warrior yayin da yake nuna adawa da gwajin makaman nukiliya na Faransa a yankin Pacific.
Harin bam na majami'ar Rue Copernic, ko da yake ba game da kawar da rashin amincewa da yakin nukiliya ba, ya yi daidai da "dabarun tashin hankali" na ta'addanci na lokacin zaman lafiya na CIA.
Ba a taba samun wadanda suka kai hare-hare kamar kisan kiyashin Piazza Fontana a Milan 1980, bam na Munich Oktoberfest a 1980, da harbin babban kanti na Delhaize a Belgium a 1985, ba a taba samun su ba. Harin bam na majami'ar Rue Copernic yana nuna irin wannan tsarin aiki, bambancin kawai shi ne cewa gwamnatin Faransa ta dage kan neman hukunci kan wannan laifi.
Hadin gwiwar gwamnatin Faransa na tarihi da sojojin sirri na Gladio na iya zama dalilin da ya sa, ko da a yau, gwamnati za ta gwammace ta hana jama'a yin sha'awar hare-haren ta'addanci da ba a warware ba a Turai.
NATO da CIA, a matsayin ƙungiyoyin tashe-tashen hankula waɗanda wanzuwarsu ta dogara da yaƙi, ba su da sha'awar ganin duniya mai dunƙulewa da ƙungiyoyi dabam-dabam ke more zaman tare. Su, tare da jami'an gwamnatin Faransa daban-daban, suna da kyakkyawar manufa ta bin diddigin abin da zai taimaka musu wajen binne shari'ar Rue Copernic.
Tare da yakin nukiliya mai yuwuwar gaske, magance wannan laifi na iya samun tasiri da sakamako a duniya. Domin, a matsayin shaida ɗaya a cikin shirin Operation Gladio-NATO Sojojin Sirrin ya ce, "Idan ka gano masu kisan, tabbas za ka iya gano wasu abubuwa."
References
[1] Sojojin Sirrin Nato, shafin 5
[2] Sojojin Sirrin Nato, shafin 206
[3] Ibid, shafi
[4] Ibid, shafi na 85
[5] Sojojin Sirrin NATO, shafin 90
[6] Ibid, shafi na 94
[7] Ibid, shafi na 96
[8] Ibid, shafi na 100
[9] Ibid, shafi na 100
[10] Ibid, shafi na 101
[11] Ibid, shafi na 101
[12] Ibid, shafi na 101
Bayanan Edita: Fayilolin Kanada ita ce kawai tashar labarai ta ƙasar da aka mayar da hankali kan manufofin ƙasashen waje na Kanada. Mun bayar da bincike mai mahimmanci & bincike mai tsanani kan manufofin ƙasashen waje na Kanada tun daga 2019, kuma muna buƙatar tallafin ku.
