Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa ga Rundunar Militari: Ganin Rashin Bambancin Okinawa ta Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarya, Ƙarfafawa da Ƙoƙwarar Maƙasudin Ƙaddamarwa ga Dokar Tsaro ta Kasa

Daga Betty A. Reardon, Cibiyar a kan Aminci ilimi.

Juriya Resili

Ruwan ruwan sama na farkon Oktoba ya kasance mai ƙarfi, ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya da ke saukar da shi ta hanyar samun mafaka game da 'yan ƙasa na 100 Okinawan, waɗanda ke zaune a juriya game da ginin tashar jiragen sama ta sojoji a Henoko. Mutane da yawa sun kasance a can a ƙofar zuwa Camp Schwab (ɗayan sansanonin 33 na US a cikin yankin) na awanni yayin da muka kusanto da sanyin safiya. Ina cikin ƙaramin wakilai na Dokar Mata ta Okinawa game da Rikicin Soja (OWAAM), wanda na kasance tare da haɗin kai tun ƙarshen 1990s. A karkashin jagorancin Suzuyo Takazato, wanda ya kafa OWAAM kuma tsohuwar memba a Majalisar Tarayyar Naha, babban birnin lardin, wadannan mata sun kasance daga cikin mafiya kwazo a juriya. Suna tare da wakilai kai tsaye zuwa Amurka don sanar da 'yan asalin Amurka da kuma kira ga membobin Majalisar, hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don taimako don lalata Okinawa.

Wakilanmu sun shiga cikin taron don sauraron jerin ra'ayoyin, wasu daga cikinsu mahalarta kowace rana a cikin wannan zanga-zangar na tsawan shekaru goma na tsayayya da rundunar soja game da faɗaɗa sojojin Amurka na Japan, kasancewar azzalumai na yau da kullun na shekaru bakwai tun bayan yakin jini na Okinawa wacce ta kawo karshen yakin duniya na biyu. A takaice tattaunawar raye-raye, wasu na alakanta matsayin dadewar rundunar sojan Amurka, wasu masu iya magana kan yi karar da ginin zai haifar da mummunan tasirin rukunin sojoji wanda ya shafi kusan kashi 20% na wannan, babban tsibirin. na tsohon masarautar mulkin mallaka na Ryukyus. Tsibiran da Japan ta kwace a 1879 yanzu sune gundarin mulkin ƙasar Japan. Kodayake Okinawa na da zababbun gwamna, mai zaman kanta, reshe na majalisarta, kuma tana da wakili guda daya a cikin Abincin Kasa, ana ci gaba da gudanar da shi a matsayin mulkin mallaka.

Duk da yake duk masu iya magana sun amince da buƙatar maido da ikon ƙasar da sansanonin take suka mamaye yankin, sun kawo ra'ayoyi daban-daban kuma sun wakilci nau'ikan mutane da suka hallara a cikin zane waɗanda suke da shekaru daban-daban, sana'o'i da kuma wasu sassan tsibirin. . Sun kasance mahalarta a cikin dogon lokaci, rashin juriya ga 'yan ƙasa na kasancewar soja wanda ya fara bayyana kanta a matsayin babban motsi a cikin 1995 lokacin da dubun dubata suka halarci taron' yan ƙasa a cikin garin Ginowan. Wannan zanga-zangar la'anta ce ta kwanan nan wacce aka yiwa kisan sojan Amurka wanda aka yiwa kisan gilla, fyaɗe da wata yarinya 'yar makarantar 12 ta shekara ta da wasu barorinta uku. Ya kuma jawo hankali ga yawan laifuffuka da sauran lamuran muhalli da muhalli da ke lalata muhalli, yana mai da ingancin rayuwarsu da kuma lalata tsaron mutumtaka (lissafin kashi na farko na shekarun nan biyar na wadannan laifuffuka wadanda suke ci gaba har zuwa yanzu) a cikinJerin manyan laifuffuka da Aka Adana da kuma La'akari Game da Sojan Amurka akan Okinawa, ”1948-1995). Yoshitami Ohshiro, dan majalisar tarayya na Nago, wanda ya lura da mummunan tasirin da zai haifar sakamakon kasancewar ginin hanya mai hawa biyu, ya yi magana game da binciken mai zaman kanta kan illolin tasirin muhalli na yankin. wani masanin kimiyyar muhalli ne ya shirya shi a Jami'ar Ryukyus, binciken da zaiyi amfani ba kawai ga juriya ta asalin ba, har ma ga wadancan Amurkawa da ma duniya zaman lafiya da masu fafutukar kare muhalli wadanda suka goyi bayan gwagwarmayar su.

Fumiko Shimabukuro mai shekaru tamanin da shida ta ba da kanta ga yin tsayayya da ɗan sanda don tilasta shi daga ƙofar Camp Schwab da safiyar Oktoba 29 a Henoko, City Nago (Hoto: Ryukyu Shimpo)

A matsayina na daya daga cikin masu gwagwarmayar, an gayyace ni in gabatar da kungiyar, in bayyana ta hanyar Dr. Kozue Akibayashi na Doshisha Unversity a Kyoto, jinjina game da jaruntaka da mutuncinsu. Tabbas, wasu masu gabatar da kararrakin da ke wurin suna daga cikin waɗanda suka yi haɗari ga rayuwa da reshe, a cikin ƙananan raƙuman roba waɗanda aka sanya su cikin tekun don juya farkon matakan binciken dabarun don gano takamaiman wurare don ginin da ke cikin teku. Ya kamata a sake gwada ƙarfin ƙarfin su a ƙasa da makonni biyu daga ranar wannan ziyarar lokacin da localan sanda na cikin gida da sojojin Japan suka tilasta sakin sutturar ɗan adam. Wannan sarkar dan adam tana kokarin toshe kayan aikin ginin da kuma ma'aikatan da gwamnatin tarayya ta tura domin fara aikin ya ruwaito Rykyu Shimpo.

Daya daga cikin wadan da rikicin ya ritsa dasu shine abokin aikin sa, Fumiko Shimabukuro, wani dan adawar adawa, wanda yake gabatarwa a kullum a wurin zanga-zangar. Ni da ita mun tattauna tare da taimakon Dr. Akibayashi. Ta gaya mani cewa rawar da ta taka a wannan gwagwarmayar don hana ginin tashar iska, kuma duk tsawon shekaru na nuna rashin amincewa da kasancewar sansanonin sojojin Amurka sun samo asali ne daga wata alfarma ga babban dalilin kauda yakin. Ta ba da labarin irin mummunan ta'addancin da yakin Okinawa ya fuskanta wanda farar hula suka fuskanta da kuma irin kwarewar da ta samu kanta a lokacin da take matashi, matsananciyar wahala da mamayewar Amurka, abin tunawa ya ci gaba da rayuwa sakamakon ci gaba da yaduwa. na soja a ko'ina cikin gidansu tsibirin. Struggleoƙarin da take yi zai ƙare kawai tare da cire sansanonin ko kuma ƙarshen rayuwarta.

Cin zarafin sojoji a kan Yanayi

Daga wurin zama a ƙofar Camp Schwab mun ci gaba zuwa wani wuri na juriya a gabar da za a faɗaɗa hanyoyin zuwa cikin Oura Bay. Hiroshi Ashitomi, Shine shugabar Taron Hamayya da Gina Heliport Construction kuma jagora mai kula da sansanin tsaftace wurin gina sansanin, ya sanar da mu wasu sanannun illar muhalli da aka samu game da wannan yakin. daga cikinsu suna barazanar rayuwar daji mai ruwa da ake gani akan katin kasuwancin sa tare da dan karamin zane na kunkuru mai zurfi da dugong (wannan mamma yana da yawa iri ɗaya da manatee, ɗan asalin Caribbean da Tampa Bay). Aya daga cikin lalacewar yanayin muhalli mai lalacewa shine rushewar muryoyin ruwan da suka yi aiki tun farkon kafarsu ta zama katanga, da rage ƙarfin manyan guguwa da tsunamis.

Mista Ashitomi ya kuma kawo rahotannin wadannan tasirin a cikin daya daga cikin ziyarar wakilan Majalisar Wakilan Amurka ta lokaci-lokaci ta wakilai daga membobin adawa wadanda suka yi imanin cewa idan Amurkawan Amurka da wakilansu suka san ainihin sakamakon kasancewar sojan na dindindin. halin da ake ciki zai iya canzawa. Wannan imani ne guda ɗaya da ya haifar da farkon wakilan irin waɗannan wakilan da matan Okinawa suka yi wa Rikicin Soja, a cikin Peaceungiyar zaman lafiya da ke zuwa biranen Amurkan daban-daban a 1996. Suzuyo Takazato tare da wasu daga cikin wakilan sun ziyarci Jami’ar Koleji ta Kolejin Columbia - inda a nan nake ba da ilimin zaman lafiya. Ta bayyana mana gaskiyar halin da ake ciki na Okinawa dangane da lalata muhalli da cin zarafin mata da sojojin Amurka suka aikata tun lokacin yakin Okinawa har zuwa yau (Tsarin tarihin wadannan kashe-kashen na jima'i ana samunsu. a kan bukatar). Wannan musamman nau'i na tashin hankali na soja da mata galibi ana watsi da shi wajen magance al'amurran yaƙi da rikici waɗanda ke haifar da laifukan cin zarafin mata (VAW). Yanayin Okinawa yana kira ga mahimmancin VAW a cikin wuraren tsarawa kuma a karkashin kasancewar soja na dogon lokaci zuwa ɗayan manyan manufofin uku na Kwamitin sulhu na MDD Resolution 1325 akan Mata Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro, kare mata daga cin zarafin jinsi ya zama daya daga yaki. Bayanan da aka rubuta a cikin tarihin OWAAM sun nuna cewa ana buƙatar wannan kariyar a wuraren shirye-shirye don yaƙi da kuma lokacin rikici. 'Yan mata suna ganin muhimmiyar alaka tsakanin cin zarafi a kan muhalli da tashe-tashen hankula da suka shafi jinsi wanda ke haifar da gwagwarmayar OWAAM da kungiyoyin kwantar da tarzoma na mata a wasu wurare kuma suna kokarin rage da kawar da sansanonin sojoji a yankunansu, don shawo kan wannan da sauran nau'ikan wahala na yau da kullun. bakuncin al'ummomin duniya. 

Tilasta Yaƙin soja na Okinawa Ya Rage Valimar Demokraɗiyya ta Amurka

An rubuta wannan rahoto ne don tallafawa raguwa da ficewa da kuma cikin hadin kai tare da jaruntaka na mutanen Okinawa a cikin rashin jituwarsu ga yaƙin soja wanda ke rage tsaro da ɓarnatar da ingancin rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun. Tabbas, dukkanin tasirin da muke amfani da shi ya haifar da wasu matakan ta hanyar sansanonin Amurka na Amurka, kuma da yawa suna jin an kira su yi tsayayya, suna kira ga jama'a da su yi watsi da wasu hanyoyin tsaro marasa karfi. Ga jama'ar Amurka wani babban yanayin juriya da yakar ta'addanci ta dukkan nau'ikan sa da kuma duk wuraren da yake, yana iya kasancewa yana goyon bayan kiraye-kiraye na nuna 'yancin jama'ar Okinawan da shiga cikin yanke shawarar da ta shafi rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun da dorewar yanayin rayuwar tsibiransu. Hakanan zamu iya yin aiki tare dasu don 'yantar da mulkin mallaka wanda gwamnatocin Japan da Amurka suka kulla yarjejeniya dasu. Don masu karatu don su sami cikakkiyar masaniya game da halin da ake ciki nassoshi da yawa da kuma hanyoyin samun bayanan da ba'a samu ba a kafofin watsa labarai.

Yanayin da ya mamaye Okinawa a sakamakon kasancewar soja na dogon lokaci yayin da musamman tsibirin ba su da bambanci. Za'a iya samun irin wannan yanayi a cikin kusan al'ummomin 1000 a duk faɗin duniya waɗanda ke karbar bakuncin sansanonin sojan milkinad wanda maintainedasar Amurkan ke kiyayewa (bayani akan Wikipedia ba daidai bane cikakke, amma yana nuna kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da girman da girman sansanin sojin Amurka a duk duniya). Tasirin wannan hanyar sadarwa ta duniya na dogon lokaci kasancewar sojojin Amurka ga masu koyar da zaman lafiya da masu fafutukar samar da zaman lafiya suma a cikin manyan baki daya ne.

Tasiri ga Aminci Ilimi

Kwarewar Okinawa na ba da kyakkyawan sakamako na ilimi don koyon wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da ayyukan ƙungiyoyin fararen hula na gida a matsayin daula wacce za a aiwatar da zama ɗan ƙasa na duniya. Ana aiwatar da irin wannan aikin a wasu wurare na kasancewar sojojin Amurka na dogon lokaci. Nazarin motsi na ƙasa da ƙasa na iya haskaka sakamakon da ke tattare da tsarin tsaro na duniya wanda ke haifar da tashin hankali ga zaman lafiyar al'ummomin da ke karɓar bakuncin, wanda ke lalata tsaron ɗan adam na al'ummomin yankin. Bugu da ari, kuma mafi mahimmanci ga ka'idoji da ɗabi'a na ilimin zaman lafiya, waɗannan ayyukan ƙungiyoyin fararen hula misalai ne na ƙin yarda da tushe na al'ummomi don karɓar rashin ƙarfi da masu tsara manufofin tsaro ke ɗauka lokacin da suke yanke shawara waɗanda ke watsi da so da jin daɗin rayuwar 'yan ƙasa da abin ya fi shafa. Kasancewa da sanin irin karfin gwiwar da kasar mai karfi a duniya da kawayenta ke fuskanta daga ‘yan kasa wadanda ke daukar nauyin‘ yan kasa na gari, mutuncin bil adama na duniya da kuma ‘yancin siyasa na dimokiradiyya na iya baiwa masu koyo ilimi da cewa tsayayyar yin amfani da karfin soji abu ne mai yiyuwa. Kodayake ba za ta iya cimma burinta nan da nan ba, irin wannan tsayin daka na iya, komai yadda yake a hankali, ya rage wasu munanan yanayi da matakai, watakila yana ba da hanya zuwa madadin tsarin tsaro na 'yan bindiga, tabbas yana ba mahalarta dan kasa dama. Kamar yadda yake game da batun zaɓen majalisa na baya-bayan nan a Okinawa wanda ya ƙi amincewa da tushe, yana iya samun ma'ana idan an iyakance shi, wasu lokuta tasirin siyasa na ɗan lokaci. Ya nuna cewa 'yan kaɗan daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun Okinawan suna ci gaba da yin imanin cewa iyakance fa'idodi na tattalin arziki sun fi na yanzu da kuma tarin mutane, zamantakewar jama'a da muhalli na karɓar tushen. Hakanan kuma, yana bayyana da'awar da 'yan ƙasa ke da ita na haƙƙin shiga cikin tsarin samar da manufofin tsaro wanda ya shafe su sosai. Lokacin da irin wannan baje kolin ya ci gaba a kan lokaci da kuma a wasu yankuna, koda kuwa a cikin halin rashin tsari na gwamnatoci, shaidu ne ga jajircewa wacce a ciki akwai fatan samun canji mai kyau a cikin tsarin tsaro na yanzu. Irin wannan rashin daidaito ya bayyana a cikin sashin "Sabuwar Dokar Tsaro." Wannan matakin zuwa ga burin PM Abe na sake mayar da kasar nan, a karshe ya soke Mataki na 9 na kundin tsarin mulkin Japan wanda ya yi watsi da yaki, ya kawo dubunnan cikin tituna, yana nuna adawa da doka tare da yin kira da a kiyaye Mataki na 9. Gwagwarmaya don kiyaye mutuncin masu mutunci Tsarin mulkin kasar ta Japan na ci gaba da jan hankalin dimbin 'yan kasar ta Japan masu son zaman lafiya, wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu ke shiga cikin Gangamin Labaran Duniya na 9 don Rage Yakin.

Samun irin wannan juriya da sakamakonsa na iya kasancewa hanya don zurfafa bincike da zurfafa bincike kan bada shawarwari da kuma damar don madadin, tsarin tsaro da kokarin 'yan ƙasa don jawo hankalin su ga jama'a da masu tsara manufofin tsaro. Nazarin yanayin Okinawa, tare da yanayi a sauran al'ummomin da ke karbar bakuncin kungiyar a cikin tsinkaye mai mahimmanci na tsarin tsaro na soja yanzu shine tushe mai mahimmanci don kimanta hanyoyin da aka gabatar. Binciko cikin muhawara da ayyukan kungiyoyin gwagwarmayar kasa da kasa na iya samar da tushen nazari kan ayyukan kirkirar 'yan kasa, na kasa, na kasa, na waje da na gari wanda ya wuce kuma ya hada karfi da karfe, dukkan hanyoyin dabarun rashin tsaro. don rage sojoji da matuƙar canji daga rikice-rikicen da suka shafi tsaro na soja zuwa adalci bisa tushen tsaron ɗan adam. Wadannan dabarun, waɗanda aka samo asali da kuma inganta su ta hanyar ilimin zaman lafiya mai dacewa, suna riƙe damar canza ra'ayi da kuma hanyoyin tunani game da tsaron ƙasa. Ta la’akari da tsarin tsare-tsaren tsaro da yawa, canzawa daga mayar da hankali kan tsaron jihar zuwa ɗayan ci gaba na kyautata rayuwar al nationumma, da jaddada cikakke da cikakkiyar tsarin tsaro don ba da damar samar da zaman lafiya a fannin ilimi don shirya citizensan ƙasa wajen tsara kuma suna yin ayyukan siyasa na kwance damarar da rushe tsarin duniya.

Binciko a madadin tsarin tsaro shine ingantaccen kayan aiki na ilmantarwa don gabatar da cikakke ra'ayoyi da cikakkun hanyoyin fuskantar tsaro kamar wadanda mutum ya bayar maimakon yin hangen nesa a cikin jihar. Tabbatar da fannoni uku na ilimi da suka shafi: muhalli, kare hakkin dan adam da kuma zaman lafiya - haɗe kai wani bangare na bincike na mata game da matsalolin yaƙe-yaƙe da tashe-tashen hankula - yana da mahimmanci a kwanakin nan na neman fahimtar dalilan da ke haifar da martani da rikicin yanayin , karuwar ta'addanci, matakai kan kwance damarar makamai da rushewa, 'yantar da' yancin dan Adam daga mataimakan jihohin tsaro na kasa, da kuma hanzarta daidaituwa tsakanin jinsi da kowa da kowane al'amari na zaman lafiya da tsaro. Tabbas, mummunan tasirin kasancewar sansanonin soja Kwamitin sulhu na MDD Resolution 1325 muhimmin bangaren ilimi na zaman lafiya wanda aka gabatar dashi kai tsaye ga koyo don karfafa 'yan kasa don kawo gwamnatocinsu mummunan aiki kan rushewar tsaro.

GCPE na shirin fitar da hanyoyin koyarwa don aiwatar da irin wannan karatun a jami'a da kuma makarantun sakandare. Shawarwarin raka'a don koyo don dacewa da yanayin koyarwa na kowane malami za a bayar. Wasu masu ba da zaman lafiya suna fatan inganta irin wannan binciken tare da rarraba ilimi game da tasirin tasirin Amurka tare da wayar da kan masu ƙarfin hali, masu ƙarfin hali da kuma juriya da ayyukan ƙungiyoyin mutanen Okinawa da sauran al'ummomin da ke yin bakuncin. Batutuwan sun dace da ilimin zaman lafiya a cikin dukkan ƙasashe, kamar yadda duk ke da hannu da / ko mamayewar yaƙin duniya. Musamman mahimmin ilimi ne ga dukkan 'yan Amurka wadanda sunayensu aka kafa sansanonin sojan Amurka na duniya kuma ake ci gaba da fadada kamar yadda aka ruwaito kwanan nan. “…. Pentagon ta gabatar da sabon shirin a Fadar White House don gina sansanonin soji a Afirka, kudu maso yamma Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya ”(The New York Times, Disamba 10 - Pentagon yana Neman itulla Basashen Waje zuwa Networkungiyar ISIS-Foiling) azaman dabarar da za a magance ci gaban mabiyanta da ISIS. Shin zai yuwu ga ƙungiyar zaman lafiya ta gabatar da kira ga sauran hanyoyin wayar da kan jama'a zuwa ɗaukacin faɗaɗa aikin soja a matsayin babbar hanyar riƙe baya da kuma shawo kan ƙarancin yawa daga waɗannan da duk barazanar da ta shafi ƙasa da duniya? Marubucin da abokan aiki a cikin Tsarin Duniya don Peacean Koyar da Zaman Lafiya ya yi niyyar samar da hanyoyi don samun da kuma amfani da wasu ilimin da suka dace don daukar matakan rundunar a fagen amsa wannan ƙalubalen.

Don ƙarin bayani game da tasirin Asalin Sojoji a Okinawa duba:

• Rahoton daga Okinawa: Kasancewar Soja na Tsawon lokaci (Suzuyo Takazato)
• Mata a Okinawa - Ci gaba da gwagwarmaya game da Rikicin Sojojin Amurka (Suzuyo Takazato)
• Okinawa: Sakamakon kasancewar Sojojin Amurka na dogon lokaci
• Mata da Sojojin Amurka a Gabashin Asiya (Ciki!)

Game da marubucin: Betty A. Reardon mashahurin mashahuri ne a fagen ilimi na zaman lafiya da haƙƙin ɗan Adam; aikin majagaba ya aza harsashin kafa sabon tsarin koyar da ilimin zaman lafiya da kare hakkin dan adam daga yanayin sanin ya-mace, matsayin duniya.