An Kama Tsakanin Dutse Da Wuri Mai Wuya

 Ga masu karatu a Okinawa, tare da girmamawa.
縄 の 者 の の の 皆 皆 さ ん 、 、 敬意

Tarihin kwanan nan na gurbatawa

A cikin 2020 an tilasta Futenma Marine Corps Command ya soke shahararren, Futenma Flightline Fair na shekara -shekara wanda aka shirya ranar Asabar, 14 ga Maris da Lahadi, 15 ga Maris. nunin F/A-18's, F-35B's da MV-22's, tare da jirage masu saukar ungulu, wasan mota, da barbecue mai ban mamaki.

Morale ya sha wahala, don haka umurnin ya ba da izinin riƙe barbecue a ranar 10 ga Afrilu a kusa da babban wurin rataya na rundunar sojan ruwa. Zafi daga kayan aikin barbecue ya haifar da tsarin murƙushe wutar hangar, yana fitar da dumbin kumburin kashe gobara mai ɗauke da Perfluoro octane sulfonic acid, (PFOS). Ya lalata barbecue. Baje kolin Jirgin Futenma - Koji Kakazu Photography

An rubuta daruruwan miskila irin wannan a sansanonin sojan Amurka a duk duniya tun farkon 1970 lokacin da aka fara amfani da carcinogens a cikin kumfar kashe gobara. Wani lokaci tsarin murƙushe kumfa na sama yana haifar da haɗari yayin kulawa. Wani lokaci, suna kunnawa daga hayaƙin da ke faruwa ko zafi. Al'amari ne da ya zama ruwan dare.

Lokacin da tsarin murƙushewa ya buɗe kumfa, sojoji na iya aika da kumfar cikin magudanar ruwa, ruwan tsabtace ruwa, ko tankokin ajiya na ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Aika da sinadarin carcinogens a cikin magudanar ruwan hadari yana sa kayan su shiga cikin koguna kai tsaye. Fitar da kumfa a cikin tsarin tsabtace tsabtataccen ruwa yana nufin ana tura guba zuwa wuraren kula da ruwan sha inda a ƙarshe ake fitar da su, ba tare da magani ba, cikin koguna. Ana iya aika kumfa da aka kama a cikin tankunan ajiya na ƙarƙashin ƙasa zuwa ɗayan tsarin magudanar ruwa ko cire su daga wurin don a zubar da su a wani wuri ko ƙone su. Saboda sunadarai ba sa ƙonewa kuma ba sa rushewa, babu yadda za a yi a zubar da su yadda yakamata kuma wataƙila za su sami hanyoyin amfani da ɗan adam. Okinawa sun damu saboda wannan dalili.

 BABBAN RUWAN TUNDAR AIR FORM, Guam - Kumfa daga tsarin murƙushe wuta yana fesawa daga bango da rufi a cikin sabon ginannen gyaran jirgin sama yayin gwajin gwaji da kimantawa a cikin 2015. (Hoto na Sojan Sama na Amurka)

A yayin afkuwar barbecue a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2020, an fitar da lita 227,100 na kumfa, wanda fiye da lita 143,800 ya kwarara daga tushe kuma, mai yiwuwa, an aika da lita 83,300 zuwa tankokin ajiyar ƙasa.

Kumfar ta rufe wani kogi na gida kuma tsarin kumfa mai kama da girgije yana yawo sama da ƙafa ɗari sama da ƙasa, yana zaune a filayen wasa da unguwanni. David Steele, kwamandan Futenma Air Base, ya kara nisanta jama'ar Okinawan lokacin da ya ce, "Idan ruwan sama ya yi, za ta ragu." A bayyane yake, yana magana ne game da kumfa mai kumfa, ba girman kusoshin don cutar da mutane ba. Irin wannan hatsarin ya faru a kan wannan tushe a cikin Disamba na 2019 lokacin da tsarin kashe wuta ya zubar da kumfar cutar kansa.

Afrilu 17, 2020-Kwamandan Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka Col. David Steele, kwamandan rundunar Sojin Sama ta Futenma, ya gana da Mataimakin Gwamnan Okinawa. Kiichiro Jahana inda aka kama kumfar kashe gobara a cikin tankin ajiya na karkashin kasa. (Hoto na Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka)

A watan Afrilu, 2020, ruwan kumfa ya fito daga bututun ruwan hadari (ja x) daga Marine Tashar Jirgin Sama ta Corps Futenma. An nuna titin jirgin sama a dama. Kogin Uchidomari (cikin shuɗi) yana ɗaukar guba zuwa Makiminato a Tekun Gabashin China.

Kwamandan Sojojin Amurka a Japan, Laftanar Janar Kevin Schneider, ya fitar da wannan sanarwa, a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2020, makonni biyu bayan faruwar lamarin, “Mun yi nadamar wannan malalar kuma muna aiki tukuru don gano dalilin da ya sa ya faru domin tabbatar da aukuwar irin wannan bai sake faruwa ba. Koyaya, na yi matukar farin ciki da matakin haɗin gwiwa da muka gani a matakin gida da na ƙasa yayin da muke tsabtace wannan kuma muna aiki don sarrafa ƙalubalen duniya da waɗannan abubuwan ke gabatarwa, ”in ji Schneider.

Wannan amsar tukunyar jirgi ce da aka yi amfani da ita a duk duniya don nuna farin cikin mazauna gida, ko suna Maryland, Jamus, ko Japan. Nan take sojoji suka san dalilin da ya sa hakan ta faru. Sun fahimci sakin bazata zai ci gaba da faruwa kuma yana cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam.

Amurkawa suna dogaro da gwamnatoci masu masaukin baki. Misali, wani rahoto daga Ofishin Tsaro na Okinawa, reshen yankin na Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Japan, ya ce kumburin da aka saki a Futenma "ba shi da wani tasiri a kan mutane." Koyaya, jaridar Ryuko Shimpo ta zana ruwan kogi kusa da sansanin Futenma kuma ta sami sassa 247.2 a cikin tiriliyan (ppt) na PFOS/PFOA a cikin Kogin Uchidomari. Ruwan teku daga tashar jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi na Makiminato ya ƙunshi 41.0 ng/l na guba. Kogin yana da nau'ikan PFAS guda 13 waɗanda ke kunshe cikin kumfa mai shirya fim ɗin soji (AFFF). Don sanya waɗannan lambobi cikin hangen zaman gaba, Ma'aikatar albarkatun ƙasa ta Wisconsin ta ce matakan ruwa na ƙasa wuce 2 ppt yana yin barazana ga lafiyar dan adam. PFOS a cikin kumfa suna yin rikitarwa a cikin rayuwar ruwa. Hanya ta farko da mutane ke cin waɗannan sunadarai shine ta cin kifi.

Kifi a Okinawa ana guba da PFAS. Dabbobi huɗu da aka lissafa a nan (suna tafiya daga sama zuwa ƙasa) sune takobi, lu'u -lu'u danio, guppy, da tilapia.

111 ng/g (a cikin Pearl Danio) x 227 g (hidimar al'ada na oza 8) = 26,557 nanograms (ng). Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Turai ta ce yana da kyau ga wani mai nauyin kilo 70 (fam 154) ya cinye 300 ng a mako. (4.4 ng a kowace kilogram na nauyi) Oneaya daga cikin hidimar kifin Okinawan sau 88 akan iyakar mako -mako na Turai.

Gwamnan Okinawan Denny Tamaki ya fusata. Ya ce, "Ba ni da kalmomi," lokacin da ya fahimci cewa barbecue ne sanadin sakin. A farkon 2021, gwamnatin Okinawan ta sanar da cewa ruwan karkashin kasa a yankin da ke kusa da sansanin Marine Corps yana dauke da ppt 2,000 na PFAS.

A Okinawa, jama'a da 'yan jaridu suna ƙara fusata da rashin girman sojojin Amurka. Ana ta yawo da maganar cewa sojojin Amurka suna guba miliyoyin mutane a duniya kuma suna da niyyar ci gaba da yin hakan. Fiye da mutane 50,000 a cikin Amurka, waɗanda ke sarrafa gonaki tsakanin mil mil na kayan aikin soja, ana tsammanin za su sami sanarwa daga Pentagon cewa mai yiwuwa ruwan gurɓataccen ruwan su ya gurɓata da PFAS. Abubuwan da ke iya haifar da mutuwa daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa daga wuraren horar da wuta akan tushe na iya yin tafiyar mil 20.

Waɗannan fitowar mai guba da yawan guba na miliyoyin Amurkawa za su mamaye fiascos na dangantakar jama'a ta Pentagon na My Lai, Abu Ghraib, da kisan fararen hula na Afghanistan 10 da muka gani kwanan nan. Game da 56 kashi na Amurkawan da aka bincika a farkon wannan shekarar sun ce suna da “babban aminci da kwarin gwiwa” a cikin sojoji, ya ragu daga kashi 70 a cikin 2018. Za mu ga wannan yanayin yana hanzarta yayin da aka tilastawa kafafen labarai su rufe guba na sojan Amurka da duniya. Akwai baƙin ciki mai zurfi a cikin duk wannan. Kungiyar antiwar da manyan kungiyoyin muhalli a Amurka gaba daya sun yi jinkirin rungumar batun. Maimakon haka, tashin hankali zai taso daga manoma a tsakiyar Amurka.

Agusta 26, 2021

Wani sabon babi na girman kai na mulkin mallaka na Amurka a Okinawa ya bayyana a ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2021. Ba Amurka ko Jafananci sun haɓaka ƙa'idodi game da matakan PFAS waɗanda za a iya fitarwa cikin tsarin tsabtace tsabtace tsabtace muhalli. Da alama ƙasashe biyu suna kan ruwa mai sha yayin da kimiyya a bayyane take kuma ba za a iya musantawa ba cewa yawancin PFAS da mutane ke cinyewa ta hanyar abincin da muke ci, musamman abincin teku daga gurɓataccen ruwa.

Rundunar soji a Futenma ta sadu da gwamnatin tsakiya ta Japan da jami'an gundumar Okinawan a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2021 don tattara samfuran ruwan da aka sha daga tushe don gudanar da gwaje -gwaje daban -daban. An shirya wani taron biyo baya don 26 ga Agusta don tattauna shirye -shiryen fitar da sakamakon jarabawar uku.

Madadin haka, a safiyar ranar 26 ga Agusta, Sojojin ruwan ba tare da haɗin kai ba kuma cikin mugunta sun jefa lita 64,000 na ruwan guba a cikin tsarin magudanar ruwa na birni. Ruwan ya fito ne daga tankokin karkashin kasa da ke kunshe da kumfar kashe gobara. Sojojin ruwan har yanzu suna da lita 360,000 na gurɓataccen ruwa da ya rage akan tushe, a cewar Asahi Shimbun jarida.

Jami'an Okinawan sun ce sun sami imel da karfe 9:05 na safiyar ranar 26 ga watan Agusta daga sojojin ruwan da ke cewa ruwan da ke dauke da guba za a saki da karfe 9:30 na safe Sojojin Amurka sun ce ruwan da aka saki yana dauke da ppt 2.7 na PFOS a kowace lita na ruwa. Sojojin Amurka sun nuna damuwa cewa tankokin ajiyar na iya malala saboda tsananin ruwan sama da mahaukaciyar guguwa ta kawo, yayin da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Japan ta bayyana cewa canja wurin ruwan "matakin gaggawa ne na gaggawa saboda matsalar guguwar."

Jami'an birnin Ginowan sun mayar da martani nan take. Bayan sa'o'i biyu kacal da fara fitowar, sashin najasa na Ginowan ya dauki samfuran ruwan sha daga wani rami a yankin Isa, inda ruwan datti na MCAS Futenma ya hadu da tsarin jama'a.

Samfurin ya nuna abubuwan da ke gaba:

PFOS 630 ppt
PFOA 40 ppt
PFHxS 69 ppt

Jimlar 739 ppt  

Sojojin ruwa na Amurka sun ba da rahoton gano pF 2.7 na PFAS a cikin magudanar ruwa. Mutanen Okinawa sun ce sun sami 739 ppt. Kodayake gwajin yau da kullun na PFAS a cikin kafofin watsa labarai daban -daban na iya gano ƙididdigar 36, kawai Okinawans ne suka ba da rahoton guda uku da ke sama. Sojojin ruwa kawai sun ba da rahoton "2.7 ppt na PFOS." Wataƙila jimlar dukkan abubuwan PFAS za su kasance sau biyu 739 ppt idan an gwada sauran nau'ikan PFAS.

Lardin Okinawa (jiha) da gwamnatocin gundumar Ginowan sun gabatar da zanga -zanga ga sojojin Amurka. Gwamnan Okinawa Denny Tamaki ya ce "Ina jin haushin gaske cewa sojojin Amurka sun zubar da ruwan ba tare da wani sharadi ba koda kuwa sun san cewa ana ci gaba da tattaunawa tsakanin Japan da Amurka kan yadda za a kula da gurbataccen ruwan," in ji gwamnan Okinawa Denny Tamaki a karshen wannan ranar. .

Yana da ilmantarwa don kwatanta martanin Majalisar Ginowan, gundumar Okinawan, Marine Corps Installations Pacific, Okinawa, da gwamnatin Japan.

A ranar 8 ga Satumba, Majalisar Ginowan ta amince da wani kudiri da ke cewa "Fushi" tare da sojojin Amurka don zubar da gurbataccen ruwan. A baya garin ya nemi Marines da kada su jefa guba cikin tsarin tsabtace tsabtace tsabtace muhalli. Kudurin ya yi kira ga sojojin Amurka da su koma ga kumfar kashe gobara da ba ta dauke da PFAS tare da bukatar sojojin Amurka su kona kayan. Kudurin birnin ya ce sakin sinadarai “yana nuna rashin kulawa ga mutanen wannan birni.” Magajin Ginowan Masanori Matsugawa ya ce, "Abin takaici ne matuka domin sakin ruwan ba shi da wani tunani ga mazauna yankin wadanda har yanzu ba su goge damuwar su ba" daga abin da ya faru a bara. Gwamnan Okinawa, Denny Tamaki ya ce yana son samun damar zuwa tushen Futenma don gudanar da gwaji mai zaman kansa.

Sojojin Amurka sun mayar da martani ga kudurin majalisar birnin washegari ta hanyar yawo a batar da manema labarai tare da kanun labarai masu zuwa:

Shigarwa na Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Pacific
Duk Fim ɗin Fim ɗin Fasaha (AFFF) akan Okinawa

Rubutun labarin farfagandar sojoji ya ce Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta “kammala kawar da kowa Legacy Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) daga sansanin Marine Corps da shigarwa akan Okinawa. ” Sojojin ruwan sun yi bayanin cewa kumfar da ke dauke da PFOS da PFOA an tura su zuwa babban kasar Japan don a kona su. An maye gurbin kumfa “tare da sabon kumfa wanda ya cika buƙatun Ma'aikatar Tsaro kuma wanda har yanzu yana ba da fa'idodin ceton rai ɗaya idan gobara ta tashi. Wannan matakin yana rage haɗarin muhalli da PFOS da PFOA ke haifarwa akan Okinawa kuma wata alama ce ta nuna gaskiyar MCIPAC da ƙwarin gwiwarsa ga kula da muhalli. ”

DOD ta cire kumfa mai kashe gobara da ke ɗauke da PFOS da PFOA daga sansanonin ta na Amurka shekaru da yawa da suka gabata yayin da kawai suke yin hakan yanzu, cikin matsin lamba, a Okinawa. Sabbin kumfa na PFAS wataƙila sun haɗa da PFHxS da aka samo a cikin ruwan Okinawa, su ma masu guba ne. DOD ya ƙi bayyana ainihin abin da keɓaɓɓun sunadarai na PFAS ke cikin kumbo mai kashe gobara, saboda "sunadarai sune bayanan mallakar mai ƙera."

PFHxS An san shi don haifar da mutuwar kwayar cutar neuronal kuma an danganta shi da farkon farawa menopause kuma tare da rashin kulawa/raunin hankali a cikin yara.

Mutanen Okinawa sun fusata; Sojojin Ruwa suna kwance, yayin da gwamnatin Japan ke nuna halin ko in kula. Firayim Ministan Japan Yoshihide Suga ya ce gwamnatin Japan, yayi cikakken bincike akan lamarin. Ya ce gwamnatin Japan tana rokon sojojin Amurka da su maye gurbin kumfar kashe gobara da ke dauke da PFOS. Babu wani abu.

Don sake maimaitawa, Amurkawa sun ba da rahoton 2.7 ppt na PFAS a cikin magudanar ruwa yayin da Okinawans suka sami sau 274 adadin adadin a cikin ruwan magudanar ruwa. An kama mutanen Okinawa tsakanin dutse da wuri mai tsauri.

Stars da Stripes sun ruwaito a ranar 20 ga Satumba cewa gwamnatin Japan ta amince ta karbe “zubar” da gurbataccen ruwan datti na Futenma. Gwamnati ta amince ta biya dala 825,000 don kona kayan. Sojojin Amurka sun tsere wa shari'a.

Gwamna Tamaki ya kira ci gaban a matsayin ci gaba.

Konawa ba mataki ne na ci gaba ba! Gwamnatin Japan da jami'an Okinawan da alama ba su san haɗarin da ke tattare da ƙona PFAS ba. Babu wata shaidar kimiyya da ta nuna cewa kone -kone yana lalata munanan sunadarai a cikin kumfar kashe gobara. Yawancin masu ƙonawa ba su iya isa yanayin zafi da ake buƙata don lalata halayen haɗin furotin-carbon na PFAS. Waɗannan su ne, bayan haka, kumfa masu kashe gobara.

EPA ta ce  bai tabbata ba idan an lalata PFAS ta hanyar ƙonawa. Yanayin zafi da ake buƙata don lalata mahaɗan ya wuce yanayin zafin da kusan dukkan masu ƙonawa suka isa.

A ranar 22 ga Satumba Majalisar Wakilan Amurka ta zartar da kwaskwarima ga Dokar Ba da Lamuni ta Kasa ta 2022 wacce ta kafa dokar hana kona PFAS. Majalisar dattijai za ta kada kuri'a kan wannan matakin yayin da ta yi la’akari da makudan kudade.

Gwamna Tamaki, ka yi fice a kan wannan! Da fatan za a gyara rikodin. Masu ƙonawa za su yayyafa mutuwar shiru a kan gidajen Japan da gonaki.

Masu zanga -zanga a Okinawa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara labarin. Ba kamar jihohi ba, manyan jaridu suna ba da rahoton saƙon su sosai. Ba a kore su a matsayin riff raff akan titi ba. Maimakon haka, an gane su a matsayin halattacciyar wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta hanyar ɗan ƙasa.

 A cikin wasiƙar nuna rashin amincewa ga Ministan Tsaro na Japan da Ofishin Tsaro na Okinawan, wakilan haɗin gwiwar Yoshiyasu Iha, Kunitoshi Sakurai, Hideko Tamanaha, da Naomi Machida na Kwamitin Sadarwa don Kare Rayuwar Jama'a daga Gurɓacewar Fluorocarbon na Organic yana buƙatar buƙatu uku:

1. Istigfari daga rundunar sojan Amurka akan laifukan muhalli, musamman sakin ruwa da gangan ya gurbata da PFAS cikin magudanar ruwa na jama'a.

2. A gaggauta bincike a wurin don tantance tushen gurɓataccen abu.

3. Duk magani da farashi don ƙazantar da gurɓataccen ruwa na PFAS daga sansanin Futenma yakamata sojan Amurka su ɗauka.

 Saduwa: Toshio Takahashi chilongi@nirai.ne.jp

Abin da muke gani a Okinawa yana faruwa a duk faɗin duniya, kodayake mutane da yawa ba su san wannan matsalar ta lafiyar jama'a ba saboda takunkumin da aka sanya wa manema labarai. Wannan yana fara canzawa.