Robert Fantina
Bayani a #NoWar2016
A yau ne muka ji labarin wariyar launin fata da kuma yadda take takawa wajen mamaye da kuma cin zarafin kasashen Afirka, tare da mai da hankali kan halin da ake ciki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Jama'a a Arewacin Amirka ba sa jin komai game da wannan; cewa rashin bayar da rahoto, kuma ya haifar da rashin sha'awa, a cikin kansa yana nuna babban matakin wariyar launin fata. Me ya sa masu mulki, kafafen yada labarai mallakar kamfanoni da ke da gwamnatin Amurka, ba su damu da wariyar launin fata da ke faruwa a Afirka ba, da wahala da mutuwar mutane da yawa maza da mata da yara? To, a fili yake, a cikin tunanin masu sarrafa bayanai, waɗannan mutanen ba su da wata matsala. Bayan haka, kashi 1% na cin gajiyar sata da kuma cin gajiyar wadannan mutane, don haka a ganinsu, ba wani abu ba ne. Kuma an shafe shekaru da dama ana aikata wadannan laifuffukan cin zarafin bil adama.
Mun kuma ji labarin kyamar Musulunci, ko kyamar Musulmi. Duk da yake an yi watsi da mumunan cin zarafin da ake yi wa mutane a duk faɗin Afirka, a zahiri an rungumi kyamar Islama; Dan takarar shugaban kasa na jam'iyyar Republican Donald Trump na son hana dukkan musulmi shiga Amurka, kuma shi da 'yar takarar jam'iyyar Democrat Hillary Clinton na son kara kai hare-haren bama-bamai a yawancin kananan hukumomin musulmi.
A watan Mayun shekarar da ta gabata, masu zanga-zangar kyamar Musulunci sun gudanar da zanga-zanga a Arizona. Kamar yadda za ku iya tunawa, masu zanga-zangar dauke da makamai sun kewaye wani masallaci a lokacin hidima. Muzaharar ta kasance cikin lumana, inda aka gayyaci daya daga cikin masu muzaharar zuwa cikin masallacin, kuma bayan gajeriyar ziyarar tasa ya ce an yi kuskure a kan musulmi. Ilimi kadan yana tafiya mai nisa.
Amma ka yi tunanin, idan za ka so, abin da za a yi idan gungun Musulmai masu zaman lafiya suka ɗauki makamai suka kewaye cocin Katolika a lokacin Mass, majami'a a lokacin hidima ko kowane Kirista na gidan ibada na Yahudawa. Zan iya tunanin kawai jikin ya ƙidaya, tare da duk waɗanda aka kashe musulmi ne.
Don haka, kisan da wakilan kamfanoni ke yi wa 'yan Afirka, da kuma musulmi kai tsaye da gwamnatin Amurka ke yi: shin wannan sabon abu ne? Shin wadannan manufofin kisan kai wani abu ne da Shugaba Barack Obama ya yi mafarkin? Da ƙyar, amma ba zan ɗauki lokaci don yin cikakken bayani game da munanan ayyukan Amurka ba tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, amma zan tattauna kaɗan.
Lokacin da Turawa na farko suka isa Arewacin Amirka, sun sami ƙasa mai wadata da albarkatun ƙasa. Abin takaici, miliyoyin mutane ne suka zauna. Amma duk da haka a idanun waɗannan mutanen farko, ƴan ƙasar ƙazamai ne kawai. Bayan da turawan mulkin mallaka suka ayyana ‘yancin kai, gwamnatin tarayya ta yanke hukuncin cewa za ta gudanar da dukkan al’amuran ‘yan Indiyawa. ’Yan asalin da suka rayu tun da dadewa suna gudanar da al’amuransu, yanzu mutane ne da suke son ƙasar da suka dogara da ita don wanzuwarsu.
Jerin yarjejeniyoyin da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi da ƴan ƙasar daga baya kuma ta keta su, wani lokaci cikin kwanaki kaɗan, za su ɗauki cikakken bayani. Amma kadan ya canza a cikin shekaru 200 da suka shige. Har yanzu ana cin zarafin ’yan asalin Amurkawa, har yanzu suna makale a kan tanadi, kuma har yanzu suna shan wahala a ƙarƙashin kulawar gwamnati. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa ƙungiyar Black Lives Matter ta rungumi hanyar 'yan asalin, a halin yanzu ana gani a cikin goyon bayan NoDAPL (babu Dakota Access Pipeline). Masu fafutuka na Falasdinawa a wannan kasa, wadanda kuma ke fama da tsananin wariyar launin fata na Amurka, da kungiyar Black Lives Matter, suna ba da goyon bayan juna. Wataƙila fiye da kowane lokaci, ƙungiyoyi daban-daban waɗanda suka fuskanci cin zarafi na Amurka suna yin layi tare da juna don cimma burin juna na adalci.
Kafin in koma ga taƙaitaccen litattafai na laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam na Amurka, ina so in ambaci abin da ake kira 'rasa ciwon farar mace'. Ka yi tunani na ɗan lokaci, idan za ka so, game da bacewar matan da ka ji an ba da rahoto game da labarai. Elizabeth Smart da Lacey Peterson biyu ne da suka zo zuciyata. Akwai wasu ’yan kalilan da nake ganin fuskokinsu a cikin raina daga rahotanni daban-daban, kuma dukkansu farare ne. Lokacin da mata masu launi suka ɓace, akwai ƙananan rahoto. Har ila yau, muna bukatar mu yi la'akari da wariyar launin fata na waɗanda ke kula da kafofin watsa labaru mallakar kamfanoni. Idan rayuwar 'yan Afirka a Afirka ba su da ma'ana ko mahimmanci a gare su, me yasa rayuwar mata 'yan asalin Afirka za su kasance da kowace a Amurka? Kuma idan ’yan asalin ƙasar Amirka suna da cikakken kashewa, me yasa bacewar matan ƴan asalin ƙasar za su jawo hankali?
Kuma yayin da muke magana game da rayuwar da, a idanun gwamnatin Amurka, kamar ba su da ma'ana, bari mu yi magana game da bakar fata marasa makami. A Amurka, da alama suna aiki ne a matsayin abin da 'yan sanda farar fata ke yi, waɗanda ke kashe su ba tare da wani dalili ba sai launin fatarsu, kuma suna yin hakan ba tare da wani hukunci ba. Na ga cewa an tuhumi jami'in Tulsa da ya harbe Terrance Crutcher da laifin kisa. Me yasa tuhumar ba kisan kai ba ne, ban sani ba, amma a kalla ana tuhumar ta. Amma menene game da wadanda suka kashe Michael Brown, Eric Garner, Carl Nivins da sauran da yawa wadanda aka kashe? Me yasa aka basu izinin tafiya kyauta?
Amma bari mu koma ga wariyar launin fata a cikin yaki.
A ƙarshen 1800s, bayan da Amurka ta mamaye Philippines, William Howard Taft, wanda daga baya ya zama shugaban Amurka, an nada shi a matsayin gwamnan farar hula na Philippines. Ya kira mutanen Philippines a matsayin 'kananan uwansa launin ruwan kasa'. Manjo Janar Adna R. Chaffee, shi ma a Philippines tare da sojojin Amurka, ya kwatanta mutanen Filifin haka: “Muna sha’ani da rukunin mutanen da halinsu mayaudari ne, waɗanda suke gaba da farar fata kuma suna ɗaukan rai kamar na duniya. kadan kadan kuma, a karshe, wanda ba zai mika wuya ga ikonmu ba har sai an sha kashi da bulala a cikin irin wannan yanayin."
A kodayaushe Amurka tana magana ne kan samun nasara a zukatan al'ummar da take mamayewa. Amma duk da haka al'ummar Filifin, kamar na Vietnam shekaru 70 bayan haka, da Iraqi shekaru 30 bayan haka, suna buƙatar 'mika wuya ga ikon Amurka'. Yana da wahala ka mallaki zukata da tunanin mutanen da kake kashewa.
Amma, 'kananan' yan'uwa masu launin ruwan kasa' na Mista Taft suna bukatar a yi musu bulala cikin biyayya.
A cikin 1901, kimanin shekaru uku a cikin yakin, kisan kiyashin Balangiga ya faru a lokacin yakin Samar. A garin Balangiga dake tsibirin Samar, 'yan kasar Philippines sun baiwa Amurkawa mamaki a wani harin da suka kashe sojojin Amurka 40. Yanzu, Amurka tana mutunta sojojin Amurka waɗanda ake zargin suna kare 'ƙasar mahaifa', amma ba ta da la'akari da waɗanda abin ya shafa. A cikin ramuwar gayya, Birgediya Janar Jacob H. Smith ya ba da umarnin kashe duk wanda ke garin da ya haura shekaru goma. Ya ce: “Ku kashe ku ƙone, ku kashe ku ƙone; da yawan kashe-kashe da konawa, haka za ku faranta min."[1] Tsakanin 2,000 zuwa 3,000 na Philippines, kashi ɗaya bisa uku na daukacin al'ummar Samar, sun mutu a wannan kisan kiyashi.
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, dubun dubatar Amirkawa-Amurka sun halarci, kuma sun nuna jarumtaka da bajinta. An yi imani da cewa, tsayawa kafada da kafada tare da ’yan uwansu farar fata, suna hidimar kasar da suke zaune a ciki, za a haifar da sabon daidaiton launin fata.
Duk da haka, hakan bai kasance ba. A tsawon yakin, gwamnatin Amurka da sojoji sun ji tsoron illar sojojin Amurkawa na Afirka da ke shiga cikin 'yanci cikin al'adun Faransa. Sun gargadi Faransawa da kada su hada kai da Amurkawa ‘yan Afirka da yada farfagandar wariyar launin fata. Wannan ya hada da zargin sojojin Amurka-Amurka na karya da yiwa mata farar fata fyade.
Faransawa, duk da haka, ba su ji daɗin ƙoƙarin farfagandar Amurka kan Amurkawa ba. Ba kamar Amurka ba, wacce ba ta ba wa kowane soja Ba’amurke ɗan Afirka da ya yi aikin yaƙin duniya na ɗaya ba har zuwa shekaru bayan yaƙin, sannan kuma bayan mutuwarsa, Faransa ta ba da ɗaruruwan ƙarfe mafi mahimmanci da daraja, ga sojojin Amurkawa na Afirka saboda kokarinsu na musamman na jarumtaka.[2]
A yakin duniya na biyu, ba za a iya musanta cewa sojojin Jamus sun aikata ta'asar da ba za a iya cewa komai ba. Duk da haka, a Amurka, ba gwamnati kaɗai aka soki ba. An ƙarfafa ƙiyayya ga dukan Jamusawa a cikin litattafai, fina-finai da jaridu.
Jama'ar Amurka ba sa son yin tunani da yawa game da sansanonin taro na Ba'amurke-Amurkawa. Da zarar an kai harin bam na Pearl Harbor kuma Amurka ta shiga yakin, duk mazauna Jafan da ke Amurka, gami da ’yan asalin kasar, suna cikin tuhuma. “Ba da jimawa ba bayan harin, an ayyana dokar ta-baci kuma an kama manyan jami’an jama’ar Amurkan Japanawa zuwa kurkuku.
Maganin su ya yi nisa da mutuntaka.
"Lokacin da gwamnati ta yanke shawarar ƙaura Ba'amurke Ba'amurke, ba wai kawai an kore su daga gidajensu da al'ummomin da ke gabar Yamma ba kuma an tattara su kamar shanu, amma a zahiri an tilasta musu su zauna a wuraren da aka keɓe don dabbobi na tsawon makonni har ma da watanni kafin a koma da su. karshen kwata.' An killace su a wuraren ajiyar kaya, wuraren tsere, wuraren sayar da shanu a filin wasa, har ma an ajiye su na ɗan lokaci a cikin ƴan aladun da suka canza sheƙa. Sa’ad da suka isa sansanonin annabta, za su iya gano cewa hukumomin kiwon lafiya na jihar sun yi ƙoƙarin hana su samun kulawar lafiya ko kuma kamar yadda yake a Arkansas, sun ƙi ba likitocin takardar shaidar haihuwa ga yaran da aka haifa a sansanonin, kamar za su musanta. jarirai ''halin shari'a,' ba tare da ma maganar mutuntakarsu ba. Daga baya, sa’ad da lokaci ya yi da za a fara sake su daga sansanonin, halayen wariyar launin fata sukan hana sake tsugunar da su.”[3]
Shawarar tsakanin Jafanawa-Amurkawa tana da dalilai da yawa, duk sun dogara ne akan wariyar launin fata. Babban Lauyan California Earl Warren ya kasance, watakila, ya fi fice a cikinsu. A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 1942, ya gabatar da shaida ga Kwamitin Zaɓaɓɓen Binciken Hijira na Tsaron Ƙasa, yana nuna babban ƙiyayya ga ƴan Jafanawa haifaffun ƙasashen waje da kuma haifaffen Amurkawa. Zan kawo wani bangare na shaidarsa:
"Mun yi imanin cewa lokacin da muke hulɗa da 'yan kabilar Caucasian muna da hanyoyin da za su gwada amincin su, kuma mun yi imanin cewa za mu iya, a cikin mu'amala da Jamusawa da Italiyanci, don cimma wasu kyakkyawan sakamako saboda iliminmu. yadda suke rayuwa a cikin al'umma kuma sun rayu tsawon shekaru. Amma idan muka yi mu'amala da Jafananci muna cikin fage daban-daban kuma ba za mu iya samar da wani ra'ayi da muka yi imani da shi ba. Hanyar rayuwarsu, harshensu, yana haifar da wannan wahala. Na kasance tare kimanin kwanaki 10 da suka wuce kimanin lauyoyi 40 da kuma Sheriffs kusan 40 a cikin Jihar don tattauna wannan matsala ta baki, na tambayi dukansu… kasar nan. Amsar ita ce baki ɗaya cewa ba a taɓa ba su irin wannan bayanin ba.
“Yanzu, wannan ya kusan rashin imani. Ka ga, lokacin da muke hulɗa da baƙi na Jamus, lokacin da muke hulɗa da baƙi na Italiya, muna da masu ba da labari da yawa waɗanda suka fi damuwa don taimakawa ... hukumomi don magance wannan matsala ta baki. "[4]
Don Allah a tuna cewa daga baya wannan mutumin ya kasance babban alkalin kotun kolin Amurka na tsawon shekaru 16.
Bari mu ci gaba yanzu zuwa Vietnam.
Wannan hali na Amurka na ƙanƙantar mutanen Vietnam, don haka, ikon ɗaukar su a matsayin ɗan adam, ya kasance akai-akai a Vietnam, amma watakila ya fi bayyana a fili a lokacin Kisan My Lai. A ranar 16 ga Maris, 1968, an kashe fararen hula 347 zuwa 504 a Kudancin Vietnam a karkashin jagorancin Laftanar William Calley na biyu. Wadanda aka kashe, galibi mata, yara - ciki har da jarirai - da kuma tsofaffi, an kashe su da wulakanci tare da yanke gawarwakinsu. An yi wa yawancin matan fyade. A cikin littafinta. Cikakken Tarihin Kisa: Kisan Gaba Da Gaba a Yakin Qarni na Ashirin, Joanna Bourke ta ce wannan: "Rashin son rai ya kasance a tsakiyar cibiyar soja ... kuma, a cikin mahallin Vietnam, Calley an tuhume shi da laifin kisan kai da gangan na 'yan Adam na Gabas' maimakon 'yan Adam,' kuma babu shakka, mazan da suka yi. zaluncin da aka yi yana da ra'ayi na nuna kyama game da wadanda aka kashe. Calley ya tuna cewa lokacin da ya isa Vietnam babban tunaninsa shine 'Ni ne babban Ba'amurke daga tsallaken teku. Zan saɓa wa mutanen nan.'[5] "Ko Michael Bernhard (wanda ya ki shiga cikin kisan kiyashin) ya ce game da abokansa a My Lai: 'Da yawa daga cikin mutanen ba za su yi tunanin kashe mutum ba. Ina nufin, Bature - mutum ne don a ce.'[6] Sajan Scott Camil ya ce “Ba kamar su mutane ba ne. Sun kasance gook ko Commie kuma ba komai."[7]
Wani mai ƙarfi ya ce: 'Yana da sauƙi kashe su goks. Ba ma mutane ba ne, sun fi dabbobi kasa.”[8]
Don haka wannan sojan Amurka ne a wurin aiki, yana yawo a duniya, yana yada tsarin dimokuradiyya ga al'ummomin da ba su ji ba, wadanda, kafin kutsawar Amurka, suna yin kyakkyawan mulkin kansu. Tana goyon bayan gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Isra'ila, da alama tana ganin mummunan wahalar da Falasdinawan ke sha a daidai wannan yanayin da take ganin irin wahalar da Amurkawa Ba'amurke ko 'yan asalin Amirka ke sha a Amurka: kawai rashin cancantar la'akari. Yana ƙarfafa kalmomi irin su 'yar raƙuma' ko 'raghead', don wulakanta masu fafutukar 'yanci a cikin hamadar Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kuma duk lokacin da take shelanta kanta a matsayin fitilar 'yanci da dimokuradiyya, tatsuniya ba ta yarda da yawa a wajen iyakokinta ba.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke nan a karshen mako; don tura m ra'ayin cewa za mu iya rayuwa a cikin wani world beyond war, kuma ba tare da nuna wariyar launin fata ba wanda ko da yaushe wani bangare ne na shi.
Na gode.
[1] Philip Shabecoff Recto, Mai Karatun Philippines: Tarihin Mulkin Mallaka, Necolonialism, Dictatorship, and Resistance, (Latsa Ƙarshen Kudu, 1999), 32.
[2] http://www.bookrags.com/research/african-americans-world-war-i-aaw-03/.
[3] Kenneth Paul O'Brien da kuma Lynn Hudson Parsons. Yaƙin Gida-Gaba: Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da kuma jama'ar Amirka, (Praeger, 1995), 21.Con
[4] ST Joshi, Takaddun Ra'ayin Ba'amurke: Anthology na Rubuce-rubuce akan Race daga Thomas Jefferson zuwa David Duke, (Littattafai na asali, 1999), 449-450.
[5] Joanna Bourke, Cikakken Tarihin Kisa: Kisan Gaba Da Gaba A Yaƙin Karni Na Ashirin, (Littattafai na asali, 2000), Shafi na 193.
[6] Sajan Scott Camil, Binciken Soja na Winter. Bincike kan Laifukan Yakin Amurka, (Beacon Press, 1972) 14.
[7] Ibid.
[8] Joel Osler Brende da Erwin Randolph Parson. Vietnam Tsohon soji: Hanyar farfadowa, (Plenum Pub Corp, 1985), 95.
