Yayin da aka kammala ginin a kan sabbin jirage masu saukar ungulu guda shida, zanga-zangar kawar da sojoji ta kai ga zazzabi.
Lisa Torio, The Nation
Makonni da suka gabata, a kan motar bas zuwa Takae, wata karamar gundumar sa'o'i biyu a arewa da babban birnin Okinawa na Naha, an ba da kwafin labarin jaridar gida. "Wani Takae a Amurka," in ji kanun kanun labarai, a kan hoton Standing Rock Sioux da ke maci da bututun Dakota a Arewacin Dakota. A saman shafin, wani ya rubuta "ruwa shine rai" da jan tawada. Sa’ad da muka bi ta kan tudu a bakin teku, labarin ya zagaya da motar bas—a bayana, wata mata ta ce wa wata, “Ai ko’ina ake fama da ita.”
Mun nufi Yankin Horar da Sojojin Amurka na Arewa, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Camp Gonsalves, wanda ke da nisan mil 30 na dajin Okinawa. An kafa shi a cikin 1958 kuma ana amfani dashi don "ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun yanayi horo,” Sojojin Amurka suna son kiran yankin horon “ƙasar dajin da ba ta bunƙasa ba.” Abin da ba sa so su amince da shi shi ne cewa dajin na da mazauna ƙauye kusan 140, dubban nau'in halittu da kuma madatsun ruwa waɗanda ke samar da yawancin ruwan sha na tsibirin. Duk da cewa 'yan Okinawan sun dade suna adawa da kasancewar Amurka a rukunin tsibiran, manufarsu a wannan rana ita ce nuna rashin amincewa da gina wani sabon tsarin. Helipads na sojan Amurka a cikin dajin yankin horo na Arewa, wanda suke ganin abu ne mai tsarki.
Tun daga 2007, Okinawans sun kasance taro a birnin Takae domin kawo cikas ga gina jirage masu saukar ungulu guda shida na rundunar sojojin ruwan Amurka, wanda ya zo a matsayin wani bangare na yarjejeniyar da aka kulla tsakanin Japan da Amurka a shekarar 1996. A karkashin yarjejeniyar, sojojin Amurka za su "dawo" kilomita murabba'i 15 na filin atisayen su don musanya sabbin jiragen helipads - wani shiri na Okinawans ya ce zai kara karfin sojojin Amurka a tsibiran da kuma haifar da kara lalata muhalli.
A ranar 22 ga Disamba, za a yi wani m bikin don nuna alamar dawowar filin daga Yankin Horarwa na Arewa zuwa Japan. Firayim Minista Shinzo Abe ya yi alkawarin kammala aikin gina sauran jirage masu saukar ungulu guda hudu don bikin, kuma da alama ya cika alkawarinsa: A farkon makon nan, Ofishin Tsaro na Okinawa da sojojin Amurka sun sanar da kammala ginin. Sai dai masu kare filaye da ruwa da suka shiga wurin ginin a makon da ya gabata sun nuna shakku, suna masu cewa aikin bai kammala ba, kuma suna shirin ci gaba da zanga-zangarsu ba tare da la’akari da hakan ba. Ga mutanen Okinawa da abokansu, yunkurinsu ya wuce dakatar da gine-ginen jirage masu saukar ungulu guda shida. Yana da game da cire sojojin Amurka daga ƙasashen kakanninsu.
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Tun daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2006, kafin a fara aikin gina jirage masu saukar ungulu, sau biyu mazauna garin Takae sun mika bukatarsu ga hukumomin gwamnati da su sake duba aikin, saboda barazanar da jiragen Osprey masu saurin hadari ke shawa a yankunansu. Kerarre ta Boeing, wadannan jiragen sama "hada a tsaye aikin helikwafta tare da gudu da kuma kewayon tsayayyen jirgin sama," kuma suna da rikodin fadowa. (Kwanan nan, wani Osprey ya fado a gabar tekun Okinawa a ranar 13 ga Disamba.) Amma gwamnati ta yi watsi da buƙatun nasu, kuma, ba tare da tava magance matsalolin fararen hula ba ko ba da izinin jin ra’ayin jama’a, an fara ginin ne a shekara ta 2007. Ganin cewa babu wata hanyar siyasa da ta bar ta. Ba da dadewa ba, mazauna yankin sun juya zuwa wani mataki na kai tsaye, suna fuskantar ma'aikata a kasa tare da hana manyan motocin juji shiga wuraren gine-gine. A cikin 2014, bayan an kammala jiragen sama guda biyu na farko, gwamnati ta dakatar da gine-gine saboda zanga-zangar. Amma gwamnati ta ci gaba da aikin a watan Yuli na wannan shekara, kuma zanga-zangar ta taru a kan haka.
“Abe da sojojin Amurka suna nan don sare bishiyarmu da guba a cikin ruwanmu,” Eiko Chinen, wata ’yar asalin ƙasar ta gaya mani a wajen babban ƙofa lokacin da na ziyarci zanga-zangar. Ta ce jirage masu saukar ungulu, biyu daga cikinsu an riga an yi amfani da su na Osprey, za su jefa tafkunan da ke kewayen yankin Horowan Arewa cikin hadari.
Sojojin Amurka suna da ban tsoro rikodin na gurbata tsibiran; ana kiranta da “Tuni tulin Tekun Fasifik” da Amurkawa suka yi bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ƙasar Okinawa, da ruwa, da kuma mutane sun mutu sakamakon zubar da sinadarai masu guba da sojoji suka yi kamar arsenic da ƙarancin uranium. A farkon wannan shekarar, The Japan Times An gano cewa rashin tsaro na sojan Amurka a wani sansani a Okinawa na iya yin laifi cutar na samar da ruwa na gida.
"Ba wanda zai kare 'ya'yanmu na gaba da ruwansu sai mu," Eiko Chinen ta ce yayin da take kallon wasu jami'an 'yan sanda da ke kan hanyar zuwa wurin ginin. "Dajin rayuwa ce a gare mu, kuma sun mayar da shi wurin horar da kisan kai."
A ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu, Okinawa ya kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Amurka a matsayin wani nau'i na gasar yaki. A 1954 jerin talabijin da Sojojin Amurka suka samar aka bayyana Okinawa a matsayin, "mahimmanci mai mahimmanci na duniya kyauta," duk da "ƙananan girmansa da siffofi marasa kyau." Ya ci gaba da cewa, "Mutanensu… sun haɓaka al'adun Gabas na farko… abokantaka na Okinawans… sun sha'awar Amurkawa tun daga farko." A cikin shekarun 1950, sojojin Amurka sun kwace filayen kakanni daga manoma na asali tare da "bulldozers da bayonets" don gina sansanonin soji a ko'ina cikin tsibiran, inda suka tura 'yan Okinawan da ba su da kasa zuwa sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira da sojojin Amurka ke gudanarwa. A lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam, Yankin Horarwa na Arewa ya zama kauye ba'a ga sojoji da ke horar da ayyukan yaki da ‘yan daba. A shekarar 2013 shirin Ƙauyen da aka Nufi ya ba da labarin yadda aka sanya wasu daga cikin mazauna kauyen Takae, ciki har da wasu yara, su taka rawar soja da farar hula na Kudancin Vietnam a lokacin atisayen da za su yi musanya dala 1 a rana. A cikin 2014, tsohon Marine shigar da shi Sojojin Amurka sun fesa ruwan Agent Orange a Takae, wanda kuma ya kasance samu a ko'ina cikin tsibirin.
Sai a shekarar 1972, wato shekaru ashirin bayan da sojojin mamaya na Amurka suka janye daga kasar Japan, sai aka mayar da tsibiran zuwa hannun kasar Japan. Duk da haka Okinawa har yanzu tana da kashi 74 cikin 0.6 na sansanonin sojojin Amurka a Japan, duk da kasancewar kashi 2015 cikin XNUMX na yankinta. Tun daga shekarar XNUMX, gwamnatin Japan ta tura wani sansanin sojojin ruwan Amurka a ciki Henoko, wani gabar teku mai arzikin murjani a arewacin Okinawa, duk da haka gagarumin zanga-zanga adawa da shirin ƙaura da ake ci gaba da yi a yau.
"Abe ba zai gana da mutanen Okinawan ba, amma zai je ya gana da Trump nan take," in ji Satsuko Kishimoto, wata 'yar asalin kasar da ta shafe sama da shekaru uku tana zuwa wurin zama. "Wannan mutumin ba ma dan siyasa ba ne tukuna!" A wannan ranar, Kishimoto ya kama makirufo a wurin zama, yana mai kira ga gwamnatin Japan da ta dawo da sansanonin zuwa babban yankin idan da gaske tana bukatar "hankali." "Ba za mu bar makomar Okinawa ga gungun 'yan siyasa a Tokyo ba," in ji ta.
A cikin dogon gwagwarmayar kare gandun daji, sansanin ya girma ya hada da masõya daga wajen Okinawa. Ya zama wuri na al'umma, inda Okinawans da abokansu suka tsaya tare da wani tsarin mulkin soja. A yayin zaman, wani gungun masu fafutuka daga Incheon dake yaki da sojojin Amurka a Koriya sun ziyarci sansanin domin nuna goyon baya. A wata rana, waɗanda suka tsira daga bala'in nukiliyar da ke gudana a Fukushima sun zauna tare da masu kare ƙasa da ruwa.
Masaaki Uyama, wani mai zanga-zangar da ya tashi daga lardin Chiba a bazarar da ta gabata ya gaya mani cewa: "Ina tsammanin muna kara yin asarar wuraren juriya a kasar nan." "Ma'anar al'umma a Okinawa ba kamar wani ba ne." A tsakanin ayyukansa na wucin gadi, Uyama yana yin abin da ya kira "aiki na baya," yana tuka motocin tukin filaye da masu kare ruwa daga Naha zuwa Takae da kuma sabunta kafafen sada zumunta ga wadanda ba za su iya yin zaman dirshan ba. "Muna da 'yancin yin tsayin daka, koda kuwa zukatanmu sun karaya."
A mazan jiya wanda ya kumbura Sojojin Japan da haɗin gwiwarta da Amurka, Shinzo Abe da gwamnatinsa suna matuƙar son ɓoye wannan tsayin daka. Tun bayan da aka fara aikin gina wasu jirage masu saukar ungulu guda hudu a watan Yuli, gwamnatin kasar Japan ta aike da 'yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma sama da 500 daga sassan kasar don tarwatsa zanga-zangar lumana. A watan Nuwamba, ‘yan sanda sun kai samame a Okinawa Peace Movement Center, wata kungiya mai adawa da zanga-zanga a fadin Okinawa, inda ta samu bayanai kan wadanda ke da hannu a zanga-zangar; sun kama shugaban hukumar Hiroji Yamashiro da wasu masu fafutuka uku bisa zargin yin tara tubalan don hana manyan motoci shiga tashar jirgin Futenma a watan Janairu. Sojojin Amurka sun kuma gudanar da sa ido kan jami’an tsaron Okinawan da kuma ‘yan jarida da ke ba da rahoto akai. takardun Dan jarida Jon Mitchell ya samu a karkashin Dokar 'Yancin Bayanai.
A wurin zama na kalli jami’an ‘yan sanda wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu ba su wuce ‘yan shekaru ashirin ba, suna jefar da dattawan Okinawan a kasa, suna murza hannayensu suna ihu a kunnuwansu. A watan Oktoba, jami'ai biyu sun kasance kama a kamara yana kiran masu kare ƙasa na asali "do-jin,” kalmar wulakanci daidai da “savage” a cikin Ingilishi, da sauran maganganun kabilanci a cikin Takae. Fusako Kuniyoshi, wani mai tsaron ƙasa, ya gaya mani lamarin ya ƙunshi yadda Japan da Amurka suka ɗauki Okinawa da mutanenta a tsawon tarihi. "Suna tunanin za su iya zuwa nan su raina mu saboda mu ƴan asalin ƙasar ne," in ji ta. "Amurka ta san cewa Japan ba za ta tsaya mana ba." Wariya, in ji Kuniyoshi, an yi amfani da ita azaman kayan aiki don mamaye Okinawa. "Kuna iya ganin duniya da gaske a nan daga Takae."
Yaki ya mamaye zukatan mutanen Okinawa. Lokacin da Japan ta fara mamaye daular Ryukyu a shekara ta 1879, gwamnatin Meiji ta kafa wani mummunan hali. manufofin assimilation a kan Okinawans - kama da na Koriya, Taiwan, da China a ƙarƙashin mulkin mulkin Japan - waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin kawar da al'adun 'yan asalin, ciki har da harsunan Ryukyuan. Lokacin da Japan ta shiga yakin duniya na II, tsibiran sun zama fagen fama da sauri - kimanin 'yan asalin 150,000 sun rasa rayukansu a yakin Okinawa, wanda aka dauke shi daya daga cikin fadace-fadace tsakanin Japan da Amurka.
"Har yau, ina tambayar kaina dalilin da ya sa aka bar ni da rai," in ji Kishimoto. Ta ce da ni ba za ta iya girgiza hotunan yakin da ta shaida tun tana karama ba. "A koyaushe zan ɗauki alhakin tsira daga yaƙi." Wani bangare na wannan alhakin yana nufin adawa da ci gaba da amfani da Okinawa a yakin Amurka. A lokacin da Amurka ta mamaye Iraki da Afganistan, alal misali, an yi amfani da sansanonin soji da ke Okinawa a matsayin wuraren horo da kuma ajiyar makamai. "Ina kusan kusan tamanin yanzu, amma zan yi yaƙi don kare ƙasar don kada a sake amfani da ita wajen yaƙi," in ji Kishimoto. "Wannan shine manufata."
Ko an kammala gine-gine a kan jirage masu saukar ungulu, wannan aikin zai ci gaba. A ranar Talata, mazauna garin Takae bakwai, ciki har da shugaban gundumar, sun ziyarci ofishin tsaro na Okinawa don neman a janye Osprey. A karshen makon da ya gabata, wasu masu zanga-zanga 900 ne suka taru a Henoko, domin neman janye jiragen da jiragen yakin ruwa na Amurka suka yi tare da nuna adawa da aikin gina jirage masu saukar ungulu a Takae da sabon sansanin da aka gina a Henoko. Kuma Muzaharar da aka yi a wajen babbar kofa a Takae ba ta nuna alamun tsayawa ba.
Shekaru sittin da suka gabata, a cikin watan Yuni na 1956, fiye da 150,000 Okinawans sun fito kan tituna suna neman a maido da ƙasashen kakanninsu, wani motsi wanda daga baya ya zama sananne da "Gwagwarmaya ta Tsibiri," ko "Shimagurumi Tousou.” 'Yan Okinawan da abokansu sun yi tafiyar tare da su zuwa fagen daga Takae da Henoko. A daya daga cikin kwanakin da na yi a Camp Gonsalves, wasu masu kare kasa da ruwa 50 sun dawo daga dajin bayan sun dakile masu aikin gine-gine a daya daga cikin jiragen. Sun yi zaman dirshan a gabansu, inda suka yi nasarar dakatar da aikin ranar. Ɗaya daga cikin masu tsaron ƙasar, da makirufo a hannunsa, ya ce wa taron, "Yaƙi yana cikin DNA na Abe." Jama'a sun yi ta murna. "Resistance yana gudana a cikin namu!"
An samo labarin asali akan The Nation: https://www.thenation.com/article/can-indigenous-okinawans-protect-their-land-and-water-from-the-us-military/
