Ana Samun California akan Californiaarfin Parfin PFAS Yayin da Sojoji Tushen Asalin thearfafa Polarfafawa

Ta Pat Elder, Satumba 18, 2019

An yi girgizar ƙasa a California a watan Agusta 23, 2019, kodayake ƙasa ba ta motsa ba, kuma kaɗan ba su sani ba. Wancan ranar California ta umarci tsarin ruwa na jihar don kafa mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin al'umma Matakan sanarwar don hatsarin Per da Poly Fluoroalkyl Abubuwa (PFAS) cikin ruwan sha.

Biyu daga cikin mafi munin PFAS sune Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) da Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA). Matsayi na Sanarwa don PFOA an saukar da shi daga sassan 14 da tiriliyan (ppt) zuwa 5.1 ppt kuma an saukar da Matatar sanarwar PFOS daga 13 ppt zuwa 6.5 ppt. Waɗannan sune matakan mafi ƙanƙanci wanda za'a iya dogara dasu cikin ruwan shan ta amfani da fasahar zamani.

Ingantaccen Janairu 1, 2020, tsarin ruwa dole ne ya sanar da karamar hukuma idan an wuce iyakokin. Hukumar ruwa ta Jiha ya bada shawarar cewa hukumomin ruwa kuma suna sanar da kwastomomi da Rukunin Ruwa na Kalifoniya (DDW).

Manufofin suna nuna karɓar jihar da ƙarancin waɗannan abubuwan masu haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Jami'an ruwa na jihar sun ce sabbin matakan "an yi niyya ne domin kare kai daga kamuwa da cutar kansa da kuma cututtukan cututtukan dabbobi wadanda suka hada da cutar hanta da garkuwar jiki.

Idan wani sinadari ya kasance a cikin ruwan sha da aka samar wa masu amfani da shi a hankali "ya fi girma" fiye da matakin sanarwa, DDW ya ba da shawarar cewa tsarin ruwan sha ya fitar da tsarin aiki. DDW zai ba da shawarar tsarin rufe ruwa idan PFOA da PFOS jimla sama da 70 ppt. Ana kiran wannan da "matakin martani."

70 ppt shine tarayya na EPA wanda ba shi da tsari, "ba da" shawara "don duka gurɓatattun abubuwa. Rashin shiga tarayya ya sanya jihohi da yawa shiga don daidaita gurɓataccen ruwa - rawar da gwamnatin tarayya ta saba da shi. Mutanen Kalifoniya ba za su iya sake dogaro da gwamnatin tarayya don kiyaye ruwan sha ba.

"Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa EPA ta ba da izinin shawarar 70 ppt tana gab da 100-ninka yayi tsayi da yawa don kare mu daga mummunan tasirin kiwon lafiya, ”in ji jayayya Dr. Philippe Grandjean, wani malamin lafiyar jama'a na Jami'ar Harvard. “PFAS ba sune magunguna masu mahimmanci ba, kuma zamu iya yin hakan ba tare da amfani dasu ba. Dole ne mu kare al'ummomi daga hatsarin bayyanar PFAS ta hanyar kawar da amfani da sinadaran PFAS da kuma samar da ingantaccen tsarin ruwan sha wanda ya dogara da kimiyya, "in ji shi.

A farkon wannan shekarar, Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Ruwa ta Jihar California ta ba da umarni ga masu mallaka da masu aiki da sama da wurare dubu a California yana buƙatar gwaji don PFAS. Sakamakon binciken ya fara shigowa, kuma ga alama akwai rijiyoyin da yawa a cikin jihar. Hukumomi bakwai sun rufe rijiyoyin a shekarar da ta gabata saboda kasancewar PFAS da wasu tsare-tsaren rufe biyu. Orange County Register. Babu ɗayan wuraren da jihar za ta gwada ba kayan shigarwa na soja ba, waɗanda aka sani da manyan masu amfani da magunguna na PFAS.

“Ruwan sha ruwa” zai buge California idan an tilasta wa masu sayar da kayayyaki su kashe matatar kuma daruruwan dubban abokan ciniki sun karbi wasika suna cewa ruwansu ya gurbata. Ka yi tunanin karɓar wasiƙar da ke cewa muna tsammanin wannan kayan yana haifar da cutar kansa kuma akwai yalwa a cikin ruwa - amma sakamakonku bai fi 70 ppt ba don ku ci gaba da shan shi.

Har ila yau, jihar tana rokon hukumomin ruwa su yi gwaji don 12 sauran magungunan PFAS, duk da cewa fiye da 5,000 mai yiwuwar haɗarin PFAS mai haɓaka an haɓaka. Ko da hakane, Kalifoniya tana gaba-gaba kan lamuran, la’akari da cewa yawancin jihohi har yanzu ba su yi abin da zai kare jama’a ba.

Rawar Soja

Kodayake kadan daga cikin asusun labarai sun ba da rahoto game da sakamakon gwajin PFAS a California, ba a ɗan bincika jama'a game da asalin cutar ba ko kuma hanyoyin dakatar da ita. Sakamakon abubuwan da Rijiyoyin Riverside County da aka gwada don toxins na PFAS bayar da shawarar sojoji na iya zama sanadin yawan gurbata su.

Sakamakon rijiyoyin Riverside County da aka gwada don gubobi na PFAS

Tebur 3.1-1 Takaitawa na Sakamakon Gwajin Gwajin Gwajin Gwaje Gwaje Binciken Gidauniyar Binciken Fina-Finan Fim (AFFF) Sakin Rahoton Yankunan Cibiyar Binciken Shafin Addendum 01 Maris Reserve Base Base, California.

Ruwa mai gurbatawa

An gwada rijiyoyin 89 a Lardin Riverside - babbar iko game da girman New Jersey. Rijiyoyin 13 sun wuce matakan sanarwar kuma suna a cikin kewayen Watan Maris na Tsaron Marchaukar Maris.

Gundumar Ruwa na Gabas ta Tsakiya (Gabas) mil biyu ne daga Maris. Garin Riverside yana da 'yan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa kuma gundumar Ruwa ta Elsinore da ke Tsakanin Rukunin 15 ƙasa zuwa Tsarin Dankalin Tsabtace kwari na Perris Valley daga sansanin Sojan Sama.

Carcinogenic mai ruwa-ruwa mai samar da kumfa ya kasance mai karɓuwa kuma an yi amfani da shi sauƙaƙe a cikin horarwar horo akan wuta tun daga 1970 kuma sun gurbata rijiyoyin sha, ruwan ƙasa, tsarin magudanar ruwa, filayen ruwa, da Tsarin Dankalin Tsabtace Dabarun Perris.

Don haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa Gabas, wanda ke samar da ruwa ga fiye da rabin miliyan mutane a Ribar County, sun gano manyan matakan PFAS a cikin rijiyar ruwan da ake amfani da shi don shan ruwan a 2016. Biyu daga cikin rijiyoyin burtsatse na kusa da su kafafun kafafun kafa dubu ne kawai a kudu a yankin da ake horar da kashe gobara. Gabas nan da nan ya ɗauki layi ɗaya kyauta kuma gano asalin gurɓataccen iska kamar Maris ɗin Tsaron Sama na Maris.

Gabas ta fitar da wannan sanarwa a cikin watan Yuli na 2017, "Well 59 is located kudu maso gabashin Maris Air Reserve Base kuma ana tsammanin cewa PFC ta shiga cikin ruwan karkashin kasa daga amfani da AFFF a wani wurin horo na tarihi na kashe gobara a gefen gabas na Maris Air Reserve Base. "

Rahoton 2018 DOD, Magance Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) da Acfluoroctanoic Acid (PFOS), ya haɗe da bayanai a kan rijiyar da ta ɓata daga rijiyar Yankin Gundumar Ruwa ta Gabashin.

Dangane da rahoton, Maris ARB yana da tsarin ruwan sha na jama'a guda ɗaya da kuma rijiyoyin masu zaman kansu guda biyu waɗanda suka yi gwaji a sama da Shawarwarin Lafiya na Lafiyar EPA (LHA) na 70 ppt. Matakan don PFOS / PFOA a cikin tsarin ruwan sha na jama'a (Eastern's Da kyau 59, wanda aka samo a Indian Avenue da Nance St. a Perris) sun isa 168 ppt, kusan sau 30 sabon iyakar California.

Maris ARB ta fitar da wannan sanarwa:

“An samar da wuraren zama guda biyu tare da ruwan kwalba yayin aiki tare da sabis na ruwa na birni. Ruwan Ruwan Jama'a ya rufe da kyau kuma an sake biyan kuɗin Sojan Sama don ƙarin ƙarin farashin siyan maye gurbin ruwa. Cikakkiyar Yarjejeniyar Haɗin gwiwa tare da DW purveyor don ba da kuɗin kulawa ga DW na birni da abin ya shafa.

Gaskiya ne Sojan Sama-magana yayi yarda da cewa watakila sun gurbata ruwan sha na mutane na tsararraki biyu.

Gwamnatin Trump ta yi kokarin toshe sakin rahoton Pentagon na shekarar da ta gabata, tana mai gargadin binciken zai haifar da hakan 'hulɗar jama'a ta dare, 'amma rashin jan hankalin ƙasa ya tabbatar in ba haka ba. Ayyukan California na iya canza hakan.

SIFFOFIN SIFFOFIN SIFFOFIN SIFFOFIN SIFFOFIN SIFFOFIN SIFFOFIN SIFFOFIN MULKIN NA SAMA - An shirya ta: Aerostar SES LLC 1006 Floyd Culler Court Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 kwangilar No. FA8903-08-D-8785 - Yuli 2018

An gano PFAS a cikin Rijiyar 56 ta Gabas, kodayake ruwan yana ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙolin 70 ppt. Dangane da Gabas, "Haɗin PFC (PFAS) a Well 56 sun kasance ƙasa da sabon Shawarwarin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, ba a iya gano su, don haka sosai 56 ya kasance yana aiki."

Da kyau an nuna 56 yana da 17 ppt na PFOS / PFOA a cikin ruwa, yafi girma fiye da sabon matakan da aka saita don aiwatarwa a cikin Janairu. A halin yanzu ana shayar da mutane ruwa wanda za'a yi la’akari da shi a cikin ‘yan watanni.

Dangane da Gabas, Rundunar Sojan Sama ta dauki cikakkiyar alhakin kasancewar PFAS a cikin Well 59 da rijiyoyin biyu masu zaman kansu. Sojan Sama zai biya dala miliyan 5.9 na kudin ruwa wanda aka shigo da shi har sai an samar da Well 59 don magance cutar.

Al'ummomi a duk faɗin ƙasar suna buƙatar irin wannan martani yayin da Sojojin Sama ke da yawan gaske basa biya. Ba abin mamaki bane. Rundunar Sojan Sama tayi ikirarin a kotu cewa “kare hakkin mallaka na tarayya” ya bashi damar yin watsi da duk ka’idojin jihar game da gurbatawar PFAS.

Abinda ya kara damuna, matakan gurbataccen gurbataccen da ke karkashin gindin sun fara tashi a hankali yayin da bukatar matatun ruwan karkashin kasa ya yi noman amfanin gona ya fadi saboda karuwar birni. A wasu wuraren akan kafa da ruwan ƙasa ya tashi zuwa a cikin ƙafafu uku na farfajiyar.

Tsabtataccen Tsarin Haraji

A cikin 2018, an samo PFOS / PFOA a cikin tattarawar 747 ng / l (747 ppt) a cikin ruwan karkashin ƙasa a Yankin Yankin Wuta na Yankin Yammacin Maris da Tsarkakakken Kaya. An samo PFOS a cikin tattarawar 6.32 J µg / kg a cikin ɓoye.

Ana jigilar ruwan ne zuwa filayen kwandon shara da ginin wurin daga wuraren da ba a bayyana inda carcinogens zai iya shiga cikin ruwan karkashin kasa. EPA har yanzu ba ta sanya iyaka ta PFAS akan magudanar magudanar ruwa ba, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi ne ga gonakin gona, gurbata amfanin gona, samar da ingantacciyar hanyar isa ga shigar mutane.

Waɗannan sunadarai ne na har abada. Basu rushe yanayi.

A halin yanzu, Gundumar Ruwa ta Yamma tana kula da galan miliyan uku na ruwa kowace rana. Ana fitar da ruwan magudanar ruwan sha zuwa ga watan Maris na kula da shara (WWTP), zuwa tashar Heacock, kuma a sake shiga cikin ruwa mai ruwa.

Rijiyoyin kan ruwan karkashin kasa-kasa sun nuna matakan PFOS / PFOA har zuwa 9,666 ppt. yayin da rijiyoyin kula da ruwan karkashin kasa suka ba da rahoton matakan 3,195 ppt. Wurin Maris na Kula da Ruwan Sama na Maris ya gurbata ruwan sha na gida kuma yana ci gaba da gurbata yankin tare da waɗannan "sunadarai na dindindin." A halin yanzu, Sojojin Sama suna ci gaba da amfani da kumburin carcinogenic.

Ruwa mai Gurbatawa

Shekaru 35 Maris ARB ya yi amfani da rawunan da ke haifar da cututtukan daji yayin ayyukan motsa jiki na yau da kullun, yana barin carcinogens su gurbata yanayin.

Bi Mai Ruwan Sama

A watan Yuni, 2019 rundunar Sojan Sama karkatar da $ 66 miliyan daga sauran ayyukan don fara tsabtace PFAS. Dokar ta ba da sanarwar cewa ana amfani da wani bangare na wadancan kudaden don fara magance mummunar gurbataccen ruwan da gurbataccen ruwan sha a cikin al'ummomin kusa da sansanonin uku: Wurtsmith AFB a Michigan, Pease AFB a New Hampshire, da Maris, kodayake sansanonin da ke fadin kasar sun fi yawaita gurbata yanayi. fiye da Maris. Tashar jirgin saman Ingila a waje da Alexandria, Louisiana tana da PFAS a cikin ruwanta sau dubu fiye da Maris kuma ba a sami wani taimako na musamman.

Rahoton Sojan Sama wanda Amec Foster Wheeler Programmes, Inc ya shirya: Binciken Shafin Site na queauke Hotunan Fim (AFFF) Yankunan Yankewar - Litin Maris na Ruwan Sama, Nuwamba, 2018, tattara bayanan amfanin AFFF na tsawon shekaru.

An yi amfani da AFFF wanda ke dauke da PFAS na kusan shekaru 50 a cikin ayyukan horar da wutar, gwajin kayan aikin kashe gobara, kashe gobarar mai, da kuma tsarin kashe gobara a wasu gine-ginen Kafa da yawa. An gano wuraren da ke da damar saki na AFFF guda ashirin da uku, ciki har da tsohuwar tashar Wuta (Tsohon Ginin 1223) da Gidan Wuta na Yanzu (Ginin 1290).

Rundunar Sojan Sama ta ce girman AFFF da aka yi amfani da shi a wurin "ba a daidaita shi" kodayake sojoji sun san PFAS mai guba ne tun da aƙalla masana kimiyya kimiya na 1974 da Dupont waɗanda suka taimaka wajen tsara abubuwan, sun fahimci mummunan tasirin rashin lafiyar tun daga tsakiyar -sirori.

Toari ga PFAS, Maris yana zubar da waɗannan abubuwa masu saurin mutuwa a cikin ƙasa:

• tsararrun,
• bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
• benzene
• carbon tetrachloride
• 1,1-dichlororethene
• 1,2, - dichloroethane
• cis-1,2- dichloroethene
• methylene chloride
• tetrachloroethene

Rahoton Amec Foster Wheeler ya tattara tarihin fashewar a ranar Maris ARB wanda ke da alaƙa da sakewa da ɓarna a cikin hadarin carcinogenic. Sun bayar da rahoton cewa an gano matakan PFAS masu yawa a cikin ruwa a cikin ruwa daga Maris ARB.

Lake Perris, mai nisan mil mil 4 zuwa kudu maso gabashin Maris ARB, an gurbata ta da manyan matakan haɗari na Mercury da Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), abubuwa biyu masu guba da ke da alaƙa da ayyukan soja. A watan Yuli, 2019 ofishin Kalifoniya na Nazarin Lafiya na Muhalli (OEHHA) ya ba da shawara don cin abinci kifi daga Lake Perris, saboda ruwan guba. Matakan PFAS a cikin tafkin ba su cikin jama'a.

Duk da cewa akwai kwararan fitila da ba na kashin kaji ba don magance gobarar, amma rundunar sojan ta ce PFAS “muhimmiyar manufa ce.” A duk fadin Turai, galibi tashoshin jiragen saman da filayen saukar jiragen saman farar hula sun yi tururuwa zuwa rudanin kashe wutar fitilun wuta yayin da suke fara aikin tsabtace mahallin. ya haifar da amfani da PFAS don ƙarni biyu. Instarfafawar sojan Amurka a Turai da ko'ina cikin duniya har yanzu suna amfani da maƙamai na carcinogenic.