Jama'a sun gudanar da zanga-zanga a birnin Nago na lardin Okinawa, don nuna adawa da shirin mayar da wani muhimmin sansanin sojin Amurka zuwa yankin gabar tekun birnin na Henoko a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2019. Hoto: Kyodo ta Hotunan AP
Maia Hibbett, Tsarin kalma, Satumba 9, 2022
Bill Clinton ya yi alƙawarin rufe sansanin a 1996. Amma tsare-tsare na ƙarin gine-gine da kuma ƙara mai da hankali kan tekun Pasifik ya sa tsibiran da nau'in halittu na musamman nasu cikin haɗari har abada.
RANA DAYA AFRILU a birnin Tokyo, shugaban na Amurka ya yi alkwarin maraba da rage yawan sojojinsa a Okinawa. Wasu ma'aikatan Amurka uku sun yi wa wata yarinya 'yar Okinawan 'yar shekara 12 fyade a watan Satumban da ya gabata, kuma mazauna yankin sun fusata sun shafe watanni suna zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa da babbar cibiyar sadarwar Amurka ta lardin Japan.
"Lokacin da Firayim Minista ya nemi mu yi la'akari da damuwar mutanen Okinawa kuma na saba da su, sakamakon wasu abubuwan da ba su da kyau da kuka sani sosai." ya ce Shugaba Bill Clinton, yana tsaye kafada da kafada da Firayim Ministan Japan Ryutaro Hashimoto, a cikin jawabin Afrilu na 1996, "ya dame ni cewa ba a warware waɗannan batutuwan ba tukuna, kafin wannan lokacin." Gwamnatinsa ta amince da rufe tashar jirgin saman Futenma, wani babban sansanin sojojin ruwa da ke garin Ginowan mai yawan jama'a a Okinawan, cikin shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai.
A yammacin ranar Talata a birnin Washington, Okinawan 87 da kungiyoyin farar hula na kasa da kasa za su aika da wasika zuwa ga majalisar wakilai da kwamitocin ayyukan soja na majalisar dattawa, suna kira ga jam’iyyar Democrat karkashin Shugaba Joe Biden da ta rufe sansanin. Sama da shekaru 26 ke nan da Clinton ta yi alkawarin kawo karshen tashar jiragen sama ta Futenma cikin gaggawa, kuma gwamnatocin Japan da Amurka sun shafe shekaru da dama suna ingiza tsare-tsare masu lalata muhalli na gine-gine da motsin tashoshi don kammala su. Kamar yadda shekaru ke ja, mai yiwuwa lokacin don rufe Futenma ya tura daga ainihin kiyasin 2001-03 zuwa 2025, zuwa 2035, zuwa 2040, zuwa - kamar yadda marubutan wasiƙar suka yi jayayya - a zahiri, ba za a taba ba.
Hoto ya nuna tashar jiragen sama na Marine Corps Futenma a Ginowan City, Okinawa Prefecture, a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 2022. Hoto: Yomiuri Shimbun ta hanyar AP
Yayin da fararen hular Okinawan ke jira, Futenma na nan a bude, kuma sojojin ruwa da ke wurin suna ci gaba da bayyana kasancewarsu da karfi. Yankin da ke kewaye ya ga helikwafta na soja hadarin a Okinawa International University da kuma wani yanki na fadowa a harabar Futenma No. 2 primary school. An gano Ginowan da sauran garuruwan Okinawan da gurbataccen ruwa daga sojoji masu guba kumfa mai kashe gobara da kuma bututun mai. Kuma Futenma, duk da cewa cibiyar turawa don rufewa, ba ta da nisa daga tushen Amurka kawai da ke haifar da matsaloli: Okinawa, mai yawan ƙasa kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na girman tsibirin Rhode, yana da kayan aikin sojan Amurka 32.
Abin da ake kamawa shi ne, rufewar ba da gaske ba ne rufewa; ƙaura ce. A idon gwamnatocin Amurka da Japan, sabon aikin tushe, mai suna Futenma Replacement Facility, ko FRF, dole ne a kammala shi kafin Futenma ya rufe. Domin kammala shi, dole ne gwamnatin Japan ta zubar da shara - wanda aka samo daga a-lokaci-mai rigima wurare a fadin Japan da Okinawa - zuwa cikin Henoko-Oura Bay, wani yanki na musamman na ilimin halitta mai nisan mil 26 daga Futenma. Wasikar ta yi gardama, "Daga yanayin aikin injiniya, babu wani tsammanin cewa fasalinsa," filin saukar jirgin sama, "ba za a taɓa gina shi ba." Bayan wani bincike kan yanayin kasa da gwamnatin Japan ta gudanar, an gudanar da binciken shimfidar teku wanda aka nufa titin jirgin sama deemed "laushi kamar mayonnaise."
Wasikar da kungiyoyi 52 daga Okinawa da Japan suka sanya wa hannu, da 35 daga kasashen waje, ciki har da kungiyar kwadago ta Asiya Pacific ta Amurka, da cibiyar bambancin halittu, da CODEPINK, wasikar ta zo ne a daidai lokacin da ake kara takun-saka tsakanin kasashen yammacin Turai da China game da ‘yancin cin gashin kai na Taiwan. Saboda kusancinsa da Taiwan, Okinawa - wanda kayan aikin sojan Amurka ya mamaye kashi 15 cikin 31 na babban tsibirin da ake da shi - ana daukarsa a matsayin muhimmin wuri mai mahimmanci. Fadada ƙasa don kafa sabon tushe akwai, wanda ake tsammani, yana da mahimmanci don fuskantar China; kawai daidaitawa zuwa XNUMX ba a cikin tambaya.
James Lin, wani masanin tarihin Taiwan na zamani a Jami'ar Washington, ya shaida wa The Intercept cewa "Okinawa na da matukar muhimmanci ga tarihin Taiwan, da kuma ra'ayi na takurawa ko dauke da Sinawa." "Don haka ina tsammanin idan akwai wani rikici da Okinawa zai shiga cikinsa sosai."
A watan Maris, gwamnatin Japan ayyana Okinawa wani "yankin yaƙi" a cikin lamarin Taiwan.
A watan da ya gabata, ministan tsaron Japan Nobuo Kishi ya fadawa manema labarai An yi gwajin makami mai linzami na kasar Sin guda biyar a cikin "yankin tattalin arziki na musamman" na Japan a karon farko. Makamai masu linzami, wanda aka aika a matsayin martani ga wata takaddama ziyarar Taipei Kakakin Majalisar, Nancy Pelosi, an ba da rahoton cewa, ta sauka a cikin ruwa kudu maso yammacin Hateruma: daya daga cikin tsibiran lardin Okinawa na kudu maso kudu, kusan mil 300 daga babban tsibirin kuma kusan rabin wannan nisa daga Taiwan.
A cikin sama da wata guda kenan, kasar Sin ta gudanar da atisayen soji tare da sanyawa Taiwan takunkumin tattalin arziki. buzzing jirage marasa matuka da jiragen sama ta sararin samaniyar Taiwan da hanawa shigo da fitar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kifi, da yashi iri-iri a matsayin jerin sunayen jami'an Amurka da suka yi balaguro zuwa tsibirin.
Jerin manyan abokan haɗin gwiwar baƙi sun haɗa da Sens. Ed Markey, D-Mass., Da Marsha Blackburn, R-Tenn .; Wakilai John Garamendi, D-Calif.; Don Beyer, D-Va.; Alan Lowenthal, D-Calif.; Amua Amata Coleman Radewagen, R-American Samoa; da gwamnonin Republican Eric Holcomb na Indiana da Doug Ducey na Arizona. Tawagar majalissar ta yi fice sosai a Taiwan, in ji Lin, kodayake ziyarar Pelosi "a zahiri tana da matukar hadari kuma tana da tasiri sosai ga Taiwan, ta fuskar takunkumin tattalin arziki, dangane da gwajin makami mai linzami."
Hideki Yoshikawa, darektan shirin Adalci na Muhalli na Okinawa kuma jagorar marubucin wasikar, ya rubuta a cikin imel zuwa The Intercept, "Ƙarin tashin hankali tsakanin Amurka da China ya sanya yawancin mu a Okinawa rashin jin daɗi a nan." Duk da yake yana ƙoƙarin kada ya zama mai faɗakarwa ko kuma jaddada munanan al'amura, Yoshikawa ya ce, "abin da ke faruwa a Ukraine tun a watan Fabrairu na wannan shekara ya sa mu yi tunanin mafi muni."
MULKI TSAKANIN Japan da Okinawa ta hanyoyi da yawa sun yi daidai da dangantakar da Amurka ke da ita da Hawaii. Kamar wancan tsibiri na Pacific, Okinawa ya taɓa yin sarauta a ƙarƙashin ikon sarauta, wanda aka sani a yanayin Okinawa a matsayin Masarautar Ryukyu. Daular Japan da kasar Sin sun yi gwagwarmayar neman iko da Ryukyus, wanda ke yin ciniki da daulolin biyu tsawon shekaru aru-aru, har zuwa lokacin da kasar Japan ta mamaye ta a shekarar 1879. Kasar Japan ta yi nasara a mulkin mallaka, ya sanya tsibirin tsibirin Okinawa ya zama karamar hukuma mafi karancin shekaru a kasar, kamar wata kasar Amurka. Wasu Ryukyuans yanzu suna shirya don nada su a matsayin ƴan asalin ƙasar - wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da shawarar cewa Japan ta ba da gudummawa - amma har yanzu gwamnatin Japan ta ƙi amincewa da su.
Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Japan ta yi watsi da sojojinta da kuma lardinta na kudu: Wani sabon wa'adin zaman lafiya a cikin kundin tsarin mulki ya hana ta mallakar sojoji masu karfin aikata laifuka, kuma yarjejeniyar 1951 ta San Francisco ta sanya Okinawa a karkashin Amurka. gwamnatin farar hula. Sama da shekaru 20 bayan haka, tsibiran sun koma hannun Jafananci, tare da sharadin cewa Amurka za ta iya ci gaba da aikin soja a cibiyar sadarwa ta sansanonin - wanda aka yi niyya a matsayin "tsara mai dabara" ga kasar Sin da kuma dakatar da kariya ga Japan. Yanzu, yayin da tashe-tashen hankula suka yi tsami kan Taiwan, Okinawa ya tsaya tsayin daka a cikin tsaka mai wuya.
"Idan rikicin soji tsakanin manyan kasashen biyu (Amurka da China) da Japan ke da hannu, ya zama gaskiya, ko dai ta hanyar shiri ko kuma ta hanyar bazata, ina sa ran, makamai masu linzami za su tashi daga China (ko jiragen ruwa da jiragenta) don kaiwa Amurka hari. sansanoni da sansanonin Sojojin Kare Kai na Japan a Okinawa,” Yoshikawa ya shaida wa The Intercept.
{Asar Amirka ta yi amfani da sojojinta a Okinawa a cikin wani babban tashin hankali na farko game da Taiwan: A lokacin Rikicin mashigin Taiwan na uku, gwamnatin Clinton ta umurci tarin jiragen yakin Amurka da su tashi daga Okinawa ta mashigin ruwa a matsayin martani ga jerin gwaje-gwajen makami mai linzami da kasar Sin ta yi. Yana faruwa tsakanin 1995 da 1996 - tare da iyakarsa kafin rufe tushen Futenma da aka yi alkawarinsa - ya kasance. yaba a matsayin "babban nunin karfin sojan Amurka a Asiya tun bayan yakin Vietnam" ta BBC.
A watan da ya gabata, a ci gaba da tafiye-tafiye daban-daban na Majalisar Dokokin Amurka, da sakamakon nuna karfin tuwo da kasar Sin ta yi, jiragen ruwan Amurka guda biyu sun sake dawowa. jirgin ruwa ta hanyar mashigin Taiwan. Shaho a Cibiyar Dabarun Dabaru da Nazarin Duniya suna da mai suna halin da ake ciki yanzu "Rikicin mashigin Taiwan na hudu."
Hoton iska ya nuna aikin zubar da shara a wani yanki na bakin teku na Henoko a cikin birnin Nago, a yankin Okinawa, a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2021. An zabi Henoko a matsayin wurin da za a mayar da tashar jirgin saman Amurka Futenma. Hoto: Yomiuri Shimbun ta hanyar AP
“GWAMNATIN JAPAN yana kara yunƙurinsa na tsara aikin FRF a cikin labarin dakile barazanar daga ƙasashen makwabta," Yoshikawa da abokan sa hannu sun rubuta a cikin wasikar tasu. Amma "tare da wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwa masu laushi masu laushi da kuma yuwuwar ginin FRF a cikin tambaya mai mahimmanci, muhawarar gwamnati game da hanawa da dabarun ba su da tabbas."
Shawarwari na asali don ginin zai buƙaci gwamnati ta cika bakin teku - gida ga nau'ikan ruwa sama da 5,000, gami da Okinawa dugong da ke cikin hatsarin gaske, yankunan murjani mai shuɗi da ba kasafai ba, da da yawa na sabbin nau'ikan crustacean. gano a cikin 2009 kadai - tare da datti. Shawarwari na yanzu yana buƙatar abin da ake kira aikin ƙarfafa ƙasa, ko tuƙi na ginshiƙan yashi a cikin tekun don ƙarfafa daidaiton slushy da goyan bayan tushe.
Wasikar ta ce "Duk da aikin karfafa belin teku ya kasance muhimmin bita ga shirin na asali, Ofishin Tsaro na Okinawa bai sake tantance aminci da yuwuwar ginin tushe ba," in ji wasikar. Sakamakon haka, Denny Tamaki, gwamnan lardin Okinawa - wanda ke fuskantar takarar sake zaben. aka mayar da hankali akai Batun tushe a ranar 11 ga Satumba - ya sha musanta buƙatun don amincewa da izinin gina ginin. Gwamnatin Japan ta sha yi masa juyin mulki.
Wasikar ta kuma bukaci gwamnatin Amurka da ta tilasta wa Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta bayyana lokacin da ta samu labarin batun tekun da kuma fitar da nata rahotanni. Gwamnatin Japan bai yarda ba matsalar har zuwa shekarar 2019, duk da cewa wani binciken kasa da kasa na kasar Japan ya gano a shekarar 2015. Lokacin da masu binciken suka gwada karfin da ake bukata na tuki a cikin tekun, sun gano cewa maimakon a tura su cikin kasa da guduma, gwajin. karu ya nutse da nauyinsa.”
A Cibiyar Dabarun Dabaru da Nazarin Kasa da Kasa, wanda aka fi sani da bugun ganguna na yaki ba don neman kamewa ba, Mark Cancian ya rubuta a cikin 2020 na aikin FRF: "Da alama ba zai yiwu a kammala ginin ginin ba."
Da yake kira ga kwamitocin da ake zato na son ƙarfafa dabarun soja na Amurka, wasiƙar ta ga cewa "abin takaici ne cewa wani lissafin da aka gabatar a watan Yuni 2020 ta Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na Kwamitin Sabis na Majalisar, wanda zai bukaci DoD ta yi nazarin batutuwa masu laushi na teku, Ba a shigar da shi cikin Dokar Ba da izinin Tsaro ta 2021 ba." A lokacin, Tamaki yana da kwanan nan hadu tare da 'yan majalisa a Washington, da kuma sigar Subcommittee na NDAA da rahotanni sun tilasta wa Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta yi nazari a kan tekun duka biyu don daidaitawar sa da kuma kasancewar layukan girgizar ƙasa. Amma bai taba bayyana a cikin NDAA na ƙarshe ba. Ofishin Rep. John Garamendi, Kujerar karamin kwamiti na shirye-shiryen, bai amsa bukatar Intercept don yin sharhi ba.
Yoshikawa yana fatan cewa, idan aka yi la'akari da kiyaye muhalli bai isa ba, rashin iya aikin FRF zai ba 'yan majalisar dokokin Amurka damar ganin cewa amfanin dabarunsa ya wuce gona da iri.
"A bayyane yake, gina wani babban sansanin Amurka a Okinawa baya raguwa, amma yana ƙaruwa, yiwuwar kai hari," in ji wasiƙar a cikin bayanan ƙarshe.
Yoshikawa ya yi nuni da cewa kasidun yarjejeniyar Geneva, da ke neman kare fararen hula a cikin rikice-rikicen soji, ba za su yi amfani ba a Okinawa: Kusanci na zahiri tsakanin sansanonin da ƙungiyoyin jama'a zai sa kariyar yarjejeniyar ta yi wahala, idan ba zai yiwu ba, aiwatarwa.
"Za a yi amfani da mu a matsayin garkuwar mutane don sansanonin soji, ba akasin haka ba," in ji Yoshikawa. "Ba ma son a yi amfani da mu kuma ba ma son a yi amfani da tekuna, dazuzzuka, filaye da sararin sama a rigingimun jihohi."
