Ta WILPF, IPB, WBW, Nuwamba 6, 2022
Babban Sakatare Stiell da Darakta Violetti,
A cikin jagorancin taron jam'iyyun (COP) 27 a Masar, kungiyoyinmu, Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Aminci da 'Yanci (WILPF), Ofishin Zaman Lafiya na Duniya da kuma World BEYOND War, tare muke rubuto muku wannan budaddiyar wasika game da damuwarmu dangane da illar hayakin sojoji da kashe kudade kan rikicin yanayi. Yayin da tashe-tashen hankula masu dauke da makamai ke tabarbarewa a Ukraine, Habasha da Kudancin Caucasus, mun damu matuka cewa hayakin soja da kashe kudi na kawo cikas ga ci gaban yarjejeniyar Paris.
Muna kira ga Sakatariyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Tsarin Yarjejeniya ta Yanayi (UNFCCC) don gudanar da nazari na musamman da kuma bayar da rahoto a bainar jama'a game da hayakin iskar gas na sojoji da yaki. Muna kuma neman Sakatariyar ta yi nazari tare da bayar da rahoto game da kashe kuɗin da sojoji ke kashewa a yanayin kuɗin yanayi. Muna cikin damuwa cewa hayakin sojoji da kashe-kashe na ci gaba da hauhawa, wanda ke kawo cikas ga iyawar kasashe don ragewa da daidaita matsalar yanayi. Har ila yau, muna cikin damuwa cewa yaƙe-yaƙe da yaƙe-yaƙe a tsakanin ƙasashe suna lalata haɗin gwiwar duniya da ake bukata don cimma yarjejeniyar Paris da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai dorewa.
Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, UNFCCC ba ta sanya ajandar COP ba game da batun hayakin Carbon daga sojoji da yaƙi. Mun gane cewa kwamitin gwamnatoci kan sauyin yanayi (IPCC) ya gano yuwuwar sauyin yanayi na haifar da tashe tashen hankula amma IPCC ba ta yi la'akari da yawan hayakin da sojoji ke fitarwa zuwa sauyin yanayi ba. Duk da haka, sojoji sune mafi yawan masu amfani da albarkatun mai da kuma mafi girman iskar carbon a cikin gwamnatocin jam'iyyun jihohi. Sojojin Amurka sune mafi yawan masu amfani da albarkatun man fetur a duniya. The Costs of War Project a Jami'ar Brown ta fitar da rahoto a cikin 2019 mai taken "Amfani da Man Fetur na Pentagon, Canjin Yanayi, da Farashin Yaƙi" wanda ya nuna cewa hayaƙin Carbon na sojojin Amurka ya fi yawancin ƙasashen Turai girma. Kasashe da yawa suna saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin na'urorin makamai masu amfani da man fetur, kamar jiragen yaki, jiragen ruwa na yaki da motoci masu sulke, wadanda za su haifar da kulle-kullen carbon na shekaru da yawa da kuma hana saurin lalata carbon. Duk da haka, ba su da isassun tsare-tsare don magance hayakin da sojoji ke fitarwa da kuma cimma matsaya ta carbon nan da shekarar 2050. Muna neman hukumar UNFCCC ta sanya ajandar COP na gaba kan batun soja da hayakin yaki.
A bara, kudaden da ake kashewa wajen soji a duniya ya karu zuwa dala tiriliyan 2.1 (USD), a cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Zaman Lafiya ta Stockholm (SIPRI). Manyan kasashe biyar da suka fi kashe kudin soja su ne Amurka da China da Indiya da Birtaniya da kuma Rasha. A cikin 2021, Amurka ta kashe dala biliyan 801 kan sojojinta, wanda ya kai kashi 40% na kashe kudaden soja na duniya da sama da kasashe tara na gaba idan aka hada. A wannan shekarar, gwamnatin Biden ta kara yawan kudaden da Amurka ke kashewa a fannin soji zuwa dala biliyan 840. Sabanin kasafin kudin Amurka na Hukumar Kare Muhalli, wanda ke da alhakin sauyin yanayi, dala biliyan 9.5 ne kawai. Gwamnatin Burtaniya na shirin ninka kashe kudaden soji zuwa fam biliyan 100 nan da shekara ta 2030. Mafi muni kuma shine gwamnatin Burtaniya ta sanar da cewa za ta rage kudaden da take kashewa wajen sauyin yanayi da kuma tallafin da kasashen ketare ke kashewa wajen sayen makamai ga kasar Ukraine. Ita ma Jamus ta sanar da kara tallafin Yuro biliyan 100 don kashe kudaden soji. A cikin sabon kasafin kuɗin tarayya, Kanada ta haɓaka kasafin tsaro a halin yanzu akan dala biliyan 35 / shekara da dala biliyan 8 a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa. Membobin kungiyar NATO ta Arewa suna kara kashe kudaden soji don cimma burin GDP na kashi 2%. Rahoton da kungiyar tsaro ta NATO ta fitar na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa kashe kudaden soji ga kasashe mambobi 7 da suka gabata ya karu matuka a cikin shekaru 896 da suka gabata daga dalar Amurka biliyan 1.1 zuwa dalar Amurka tiriliyan 52 a kowace shekara, wanda shine kashi 1% na kudaden da ake kashewa na soji a duniya (Chart 211). Wannan karuwar ya haura dala biliyan XNUMX a kowace shekara, wanda ya ninka alkawarin samar da kudaden yanayi.
A shekara ta 2009 a COP 15 a Copenhagen, kasashe masu arziki na Yamma sun yi alkawarin kafa wani asusu na shekara-shekara na dala biliyan 100 nan da shekarar 2020 don taimakawa kasashe masu tasowa su dace da matsalar yanayi, amma sun kasa cimma wannan manufa. A watan Oktoban da ya gabata, kasashen Yamma karkashin jagorancin Canada da Jamus sun buga wani shiri na Bayar da Kudaden Yanayi suna masu ikirarin cewa zai dauki har zuwa shekarar 2023 kafin su cika alkawarinsu na tara dala biliyan 100 a kowace shekara ta hanyar Asusun Kula da Yanayi na Green (GCF) don taimakawa kasashe matalauta su tunkari matsalar yanayi. . Kasashe masu tasowa su ne mafi karancin alhaki a rikicin, amma su ne suka fi fama da matsananciyar yanayi da ke haifar da yanayi kuma suna bukatar isassun kudade cikin gaggawa don daidaitawa da asara da lalacewa.
A taron COP 26 da ke Glasgow, kasashe masu arziki sun amince su ninka kudaden da suke bayarwa don daidaitawa, amma sun kasa yin hakan, kuma sun kasa cimma matsaya kan bayar da kudaden asara da barna. A cikin watan Agusta na wannan shekara, GCF ta kaddamar da yakin neman karo na biyu daga kasashe. Wannan tallafin yana da mahimmanci don jure yanayin yanayi da kuma sauyi mai adalci wanda ke da alaƙa da jinsi kuma an yi niyya ga al'ummomi masu rauni. Maimakon tara albarkatu don tabbatar da adalci a yanayi, a wannan shekarar da ta gabata, ƙasashen Yamma sun ƙara kashe kudaden jama'a cikin sauri don makamai da yaƙi. Muna rokon hukumar UNFCCC ta tada batun kashe kudaden soji a matsayin hanyar samar da kudade ga wuraren samar da kuɗaɗen yanayi: GCF, Asusun daidaitawa, da Rukunin Kuɗaɗen Rasa da Lalacewa.
A watan Satumba, yayin babban muhawara a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, shugabannin kasashe da dama sun yi tir da kashe kudaden da ake kashewa na soja tare da alaka da matsalar yanayi. Firayim Minista na Solomon Islands Manasseh Sogavare ya ce, "Abin baƙin ciki shine an kashe albarkatu da yawa a yaƙe-yaƙe fiye da yaƙi da sauyin yanayi, wannan abin takaici ne ƙwarai." Ministan harkokin wajen Costa Rica Arnaldo André-Tinoco, ministan harkokin wajen Costa Rica, ya bayyana cewa;
“Ba abin zato ba ne cewa yayin da miliyoyin mutane ke jiran alluran rigakafi, magunguna ko abinci don ceton rayuwarsu, ƙasashe masu arziki na ci gaba da ba da fifiko ga albarkatunsu a cikin makamai tare da lalata rayuwar mutane, yanayi, lafiya da murmurewa daidai. A cikin 2021, kashe kuɗin soja a duniya ya ci gaba da karuwa a shekara ta bakwai a jere don ya kai adadi mafi girma da muka taɓa gani a tarihi. Costa Rica a yau ta sake nanata kiranta na a hankali da dawwama a rage kashe kudaden soji. Don yawan makaman da muke kera, hakan zai iya tserewa ko da ƙoƙarinmu na gudanarwa da sarrafawa. Yana da game da ba da fifiko ga rayuwa da jin daɗin mutane da duniya akan ribar da za a samu daga makamai da yaƙi. "
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Costa Rica ta soke sojojinta a cikin 1949. Wannan hanyar kawar da soja a cikin shekaru 70 da suka gabata ya jagoranci Costa Rica ta zama jagora a cikin lalata da kuma tattaunawa ta biodiversity. A bara a COP 26, Costa Rica ta ƙaddamar da "Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance" kuma ƙasar na iya sarrafa yawancin wutar lantarki akan abubuwan sabuntawa. A babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na bana, Shugaban Colombia Gustavo Petro Urrego ya kuma yi tir da yaƙe-yaƙe da aka ƙirƙiro a Ukraine, Iraki, Libya, da Siriya kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa yaƙe-yaƙe sun zama hujjar rashin magance sauyin yanayi. Muna neman UNFCCC kai tsaye ta fuskanci matsalolin haɗin kai na soja, yaki da rikicin yanayi.
A bara, masana kimiyya Dr. Carlo Rovelli da Dr. Matteo Smerlak ne suka kafa shirin Rarraba Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya. Sun yi jayayya a cikin labarin su na baya-bayan nan "Ƙananan Yankewa a Tallafin Sojoji na Duniya na iya Taimakawa Asusun Kula da Yanayi, Lafiya da Maganganun Talauci" da aka buga a cikin Scientific American cewa yakamata ƙasashe su tura wasu dala tiriliyan 2 "ɓata kowace shekara a tseren makamai na duniya" ga Green. Asusun Climate (GCF) da sauran kudaden ci gaba. Zaman lafiya da ragewa da kuma sake ware kudaden da ake kashewa na soji ga tallafin yanayi na da matukar muhimmanci wajen takaita dumamar yanayi zuwa digiri 1.5. Muna kira ga Sakatariyar UNFCCC da ta yi amfani da ofishin ku don wayar da kan jama'a game da illar hayakin soji da kashe kashen sojoji kan rikicin yanayi. Muna roƙonku ku sanya waɗannan batutuwa a kan ajanda na COP mai zuwa kuma ku ƙaddamar da nazari na musamman da rahoton jama'a. Ba za a iya yin watsi da rikice-rikicen makamai masu ƙarfi na carbon da hauhawar kashe kuɗin soja ba idan muna da gaske wajen kawar da bala'in sauyin yanayi.
A ƙarshe, mun yi imanin cewa zaman lafiya, kwance damarar makamai da kawar da sojoji suna da mahimmanci don ragewa, daidaitawa, da adalcin yanayi. Muna maraba da damar saduwa da ku kusan kuma ana iya samun mu ta hanyar bayanin tuntuɓar ofishin WILPF da ke sama. WILPF kuma za ta aika da tawaga zuwa COP 27 kuma za mu yi farin cikin saduwa da ku kai tsaye a Masar. Ƙarin bayani game da ƙungiyoyinmu da tushen bayanan da ke cikin wasiƙarmu an rufe su a ƙasa. Muna jiran amsar ku. Na gode da kulawar ku ga damuwarmu.
gaske,
Madeleine Rees
Sakatare Janar
Ƙungiyar Kasashen Duniya na Aminci da 'Yanci
Sean Conner
Babban Daraktan Ofishin Zaman Lafiya na Duniya
David Swanson Co-kafa kuma Babban Darakta
World BEYOND War
GAME DA KUNGIYOYINMU:
Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci (WILPF): WILPF ƙungiya ce mai tushe wacce ke aiki ta hanyar ka'idodin mata, cikin haɗin kai da haɗin gwiwa tare da 'yan gwagwarmayar 'yan'uwa, cibiyoyin sadarwa, haɗin gwiwa, dandamali, da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. WILPF tana da Sashe da Ƙungiyoyi a cikin ƙasashe sama da 40 da abokan hulɗa a duniya kuma hedkwatar mu tana Geneva. Manufarmu ita ce duniyar zaman lafiya ta dindindin da aka gina bisa tushen mata na 'yanci, adalci, rashin tashin hankali, 'yancin ɗan adam, da daidaito ga kowa, inda mutane, duniya, da duk sauran mazaunanta suke rayuwa tare kuma suna bunƙasa cikin jituwa. WILPF tana da shirin kwance damara, Kai Tsaye mai mahimmanci a New York: https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/ ƙarin bayani na WILPF: www.wilpf.org
Ofishin Zaman Lafiya na Duniya (IPB): Ofishin Zaman Lafiya na Duniya ya sadaukar da kai ga hangen nesa na Duniya Ba tare da Yaki ba. Babban shirinmu na yanzu ya ta'allaka ne kan kwance damara don ci gaba mai dorewa kuma a cikin wannan, mun fi mayar da hankali kan yadda ake kashe kudaden soja. Mun yi imanin cewa ta hanyar rage kudade ga bangaren soja, za a iya fitar da kudade masu yawa don ayyukan zamantakewa, a cikin gida ko waje, wanda zai iya haifar da cikar bukatun ɗan adam na ainihi da kuma kare muhalli. A lokaci guda, muna goyon bayan yaƙin kwance damara da dama da kuma samar da bayanai kan yanayin tattalin arziki na makamai da rikice-rikice. Aikin kamfen ɗinmu kan kawar da makaman nukiliya ya fara a cikin 1980s. Ƙungiyoyin membobin mu 300 a cikin ƙasashe 70, tare da mambobi ɗaya, suna samar da hanyar sadarwa ta duniya, suna haɗa ilimi da ƙwarewar yakin neman zabe a cikin manufa guda. Muna danganta masana da masu ba da shawara da ke aiki akan batutuwa iri ɗaya don gina ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin jama'a masu ƙarfi. Shekaru goma da suka gabata, IPB ta kaddamar da yakin duniya kan kashe kudi na soja: https://www.ipb.org/global-campaign-on-military-spending/ yana kira da a ragewa da sake rarrabawa ga bukatun zamantakewa da muhalli na gaggawa. Ƙarin bayani: www.ipb.org
World BEYOND War (WBW): World BEYOND War ƙungiya ce mai son tashin hankali a duniya don kawo ƙarshen yaƙi da tabbatar da adalci mai dorewa. Muna nufin kirkirar wayar da kan jama'a game da goyon baya don kawo karshen yaki da ci gaba da wannan tallafin. Muna aiki don ciyar da manufar ba kawai hana kowane takamammen yaki ba amma mu kauda ma'aikatun gaba ɗaya. Muna ƙoƙarin sauya al'adun yaƙi da ɗayan zaman lafiya wanda hanyar tashin hankali ta rikice rikice ta rikice ya zama zubar da jini. World BEYOND War An fara Janairu 1, 2014. Muna da babi da alaƙa a duniya. WBW ta ƙaddamar da koke na duniya "COP27: Dakatar da Ban da Gurɓatar Soja daga Yarjejeniyar Yanayi": https://worldbeyondwar.org/cop27/ Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da WBW a nan: https://worldbeyondwar.org/
kafofin:
Kanada da Jamus (2021) "Shirin Ba da Kuɗi na Yanayi: Haɗu da Burin Dalar Amurka Biliyan 100": https://ukcop26.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Climate-Finance-Delivery-Plan-1.pdf
Rikici da Kula da Muhalli (2021) "A ƙarƙashin radar: Sawun carbon na sassan soja na EU": https://ceobs.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Under-the-radar_the-carbon- sawun sawun- na- EU-bankunan soja.pdf
Crawford, N. (2019) "Amfani da Man Fetur na Pentagon, Canjin Yanayi, da Farashin Yaƙi":
https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/papers/ClimateChangeandCostofWar Global Peace Dividend Initiative: https://peace-dividend.org/about
Mathiesen, Karl (2022) "Birtaniya don amfani da yanayi da taimakon kuɗi don siyan makamai don Ukraine," Siyasa: https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-use-climate-aid-cash-buy-weapon-ukraine /
Kungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewacin Atlantic (2022) Rahoton Kashe Kuɗi na Tsaro na NATO, Yuni 2022:
OECD (2021) "Yanayin da ake kallo na gaba game da kuɗin sauyin yanayi da ƙasashe masu tasowa suka bayar kuma suka tattara su a cikin 2021-2025: Bayanan fasaha": https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/a53aac3b- en.pdf?expires=1662416616&id = id&acname=bako&checksum=655B79E12E987B035379B2F08249 7ABF
Rovelli, C. da Smerlak, M. (2022) "Ƙananan Ragewa a cikin Tallafin Soja na Duniya na iya Taimakawa Asusun Kula da Yanayi, Lafiya da Magance Talauci," Ba'amurke na Kimiyya: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-small- yanke-a-duniya-soja-kashe-kashe-zai iya-taimaka-asusu-lafiya-yanayin-da-mafi-talauci/
Sabbagh, D. (2022) "Birtaniya kashe kashen tsaro zai ninka zuwa £100bn nan da 2030," in ji minista," The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/sep/25/uk-defence-spending- zuwa-biyu-zuwa-100m-da-2030-inji minista
Cibiyar Nazarin Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya ta Stockholm (2022) Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin Kuɗaɗen Soja na Duniya, 2021:
Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (2021): Jihar Kudi don Hali https://www.unep.org/resources/state-finance-nature
UNFCCC (2022) Kuɗin Yanayi: https://unfccc.int/topics/climate-finance/the-big-picture/climate-financing-in-the-negotiations/climate-finance
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (2022) Babban Muhawara, Babban Taro, Satumba 20-26: https://gadebate.un.org/en
