na Medea Benjamin da Nicolas JS Davies, CODEPINK don Aminci, Agusta 30, 2021
Amurkawa sun yi mamakin bidiyon dubban 'yan Afghanistan da ke jefa rayuwarsu cikin hadari don gujewa dawowar Taliban kan madafun iko a kasarsu - sannan kuma ta hanyar harin kunar bakin wake da kungiyar IS ta kai. kisan gilla ta sojojin Amurka tare kashe akalla mutane 170, ciki har da sojojin Amurka 13.
Ko da Hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya yayi gargadi game da rikicin agaji da ke tafe a Afghanistan, Baitulmalin Amurka yayi sanyi kusan dukkan babban bankin Afganistan na dalar Amurka biliyan 9.4 na kudaden kasashen waje, ya hana sabuwar gwamnatin kudaden da za ta bukata cikin watanni masu zuwa don ciyar da jama'arta da samar da ayyuka na yau da kullum.
A karkashin matsin lamba daga gwamnatin Biden, Asusun Lamuni na Duniya yanke shawarar ba don sakin dala miliyan 450 a cikin kuɗaɗen da aka tsara za a tura su Afganistan don taimakawa ƙasar ta shawo kan cutar amai da gudawa.
Amurka da sauran kasashen Yammacin Turai sun kuma dakatar da agajin jin kai ga Afghanistan. Bayan jagorantar taron G7 kan Afghanistan a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, Firaministan Birtaniya Boris Johnson ya ce hana taimako da karramawa ya ba su “babban fa'ida - tattalin arziki, diflomasiyya da siyasa” akan 'yan Taliban.
'Yan siyasar Yammacin Turai suna kwanciya da wannan damar dangane da haƙƙin ɗan adam, amma a bayyane suke ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa kawayensu na Afganistan sun riƙe wasu madafun iko a sabuwar gwamnati, kuma tasirin Yammacin Turai da muradunsa a Afghanistan bai ƙare da dawowar Taliban ba. Ana amfani da wannan damar cikin daloli, fam, da Yuro, amma za a biya shi a rayuwar Afghanistan.
Don karantawa ko sauraron manazartan Yammacin Turai, mutum zai yi tunanin cewa yaƙin Amurka na kawance na shekaru 20 wani yunƙuri ne mai fa'ida don sabunta ƙasar, 'yantar da matan Afghanistan da samar da lafiya, ilimi da ayyuka masu kyau, kuma wannan yana da yanzu duk an kwace su da hannun 'yan Taliban.
Gaskiyar ta bambanta, kuma ba ta da wuyar fahimta. Amurka ta kashe $ 2.26 tiriliyan akan yakin ta a Afghanistan. Kashe irin wannan kudin a kowace kasa yakamata ya fitar da mafi yawan mutane daga talauci. Amma babban adadin waɗancan kuɗaɗen, kusan dala tiriliyan 1.5, sun tafi cikin rashin hankali, kashe kuɗaɗe na soja don kula da aikin sojan Amurka, faduwa bisa 80,000 bama -bamai da makamai masu linzami kan Afghanistan, biya 'yan kwangila masu zaman kansu, da jigilar sojoji, makamai da kayan aikin soji a kai da komo a fadin duniya tsawon shekaru 20.
Tun da Amurka ta yi yaƙin wannan yaƙi da kuɗin aro, ita ma ta kashe rabin tiriliyan daloli a cikin ribar kuɗi kawai, wanda zai ci gaba har zuwa gaba. Kudin likita da naƙasasshe na sojojin Amurka da aka raunata a Afghanistan sun kai sama da dala biliyan 175, haka kuma za su ci gaba da hauhawa yayin da sojoji ke tsufa. Kudin likita da naƙasasshe don yaƙe -yaƙe na Amurka a Iraki da Afghanistan na iya kaiwa dala tiriliyan a ƙarshe.
Don haka menene game da "sake gina Afghanistan"? Majalisa ta kasafta $ 144 biliyan don sake ginawa a Afganistan tun 2001, amma an kashe dala biliyan 88 na hakan don ɗaukar ma'aikata, ba da horo, horarwa da biyan '' jami'an tsaro '' na Afganistan da yanzu suka tarwatse, tare da sojoji suna komawa ƙauyukansu ko shiga cikin Taliban. Wani dala biliyan 15.5 da aka kashe tsakanin 2008 da 2017 an rubuta shi a matsayin "sharar gida, zamba da cin zarafi" daga Babban Sufeto Janar na Amurka na sake gina Afghanistan.
Guguwar da ta rage, kasa da kashi 2% na jimillar kudaden da Amurka ke kashewa a Afghanistan, sun kai kimanin dala biliyan 40, wanda yakamata ya samar da wasu fa'idodi ga jama'ar Afghanistan a cikin ci gaban tattalin arziki, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, kayayyakin more rayuwa da agajin jin kai.
amma, kamar yadda yake a Iraki, gwamnatin da Amurka ta girka a Afganistan ta kasance sananne mai cin hanci da rashawa, kuma cin hanci da rashawa sai da ya ƙara samun gindin zama da tsari akan lokaci. Kungiyar Transparency International (TI) ta kasance a koyaushe ranked Afghanistan da Amurka ta mamaye a matsayin daya daga cikin kasashen da suka fi cin hanci da rashawa a duniya.
Masu karatu na Yammacin Turai na iya tunanin cewa wannan cin hanci da rashawa matsala ce da ta daɗe a Afganistan, sabanin wani sifa na mamayar Amurka, amma ba haka bane. Bayanan TI cewa, "an yarda cewa yawan cin hanci da rashawa a cikin shekarun bayan 2001 ya karu fiye da matakan da suka gabata." A Rahoton 2009 Kungiyar Hadin Kan Tattalin Arzikin Kasa da Ci Gaban ta yi gargadin cewa “cin hanci da rashawa ya haura matakin da ba a gani ba a gwamnatocin baya.”
Waɗannan gwamnatocin za su haɗa da gwamnatin Taliban da sojojin mamayar Amurka da aka cire daga mulki a 2001, da kuma ɗan gurguzu mai kawancen Soviet gwamnatoci wadanda magabatan Al-Qaeda da Taliban da Amurka ta tura suka ruguza su a shekarun 1980, sun lalata gagarumin ci gaban da suka samu a fannin ilimi, kiwon lafiya da hakkokin mata.
A 2010 Rahoton ta tsohon jami'in Reagan Pentagon Anthony H. Cordesman, mai taken "Yadda Amurka ta lalata Afghanistan", ya ladabtar da gwamnatin Amurka saboda jifar kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗe a cikin wannan ƙasar ba tare da yin la'akari ba.
The New York Times ruwaito a cikin 2013 cewa a kowane wata har tsawon shekaru goma, CIA tana zubar da akwatuna, jakunkuna har ma da buhunan siyayya da aka cusa da dalar Amurka ga shugaban Afghanistan don ba da cin hanci ga shugabannin yaƙi da 'yan siyasa.
Har ila yau, cin hanci da rashawa ya lalata yankunan da 'yan siyasar Yammacin yanzu ke riƙe a matsayin nasarorin aikin, kamar ilimi da kiwon lafiya. Tsarin ilimi ya kasance rudani tare da makarantu, malamai, da ɗaliban da ke kan takarda kawai. Magunguna na Afghanistan suna stocked da magunguna na jabu, ko ƙarewa ko ƙarancin inganci, da yawa sun shigo da su daga makwabciyar Pakistan. A matakin mutum, ma’aikatan gwamnati ne ke rura wutar cin hanci da rashawa kamar yadda malamai ke samu daya bisa goma kawai albashin 'yan Afghanistan da ke da alaƙa da ke aiki don ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da' yan kwangila.
Kawar da cin hanci da rashawa da inganta rayuwar Afganistan ya kasance koyaushe na biyu ga babban burin Amurka na yakar Taliban da ci gaba ko fadada ikon gwamnatin 'yar tsana. Kamar yadda TI ta ruwaito, “Da gangan Amurka ta biya kungiyoyi daban -daban dauke da makamai da ma’aikatan farar hula na Afghanistan don tabbatar da hadin kai da/ko bayanai, tare da hada kai da gwamnoni ba tare da la’akari da yadda suka kasance masu cin hanci da rashawa ba… tallafin kayan aiki ga masu tayar da kayar baya. ”
The tashin hankali marar iyaka na mamayar Amurka da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnatin da Amurka ke marawa baya ya kara yawan goyon baya ga Taliban, musamman a yankunan karkara inda kashi uku na 'yan Afghanistan suna rayuwa. Talaucin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba na ƙasar Afganistan da aka mamaye shi ma ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar Taliban, kamar yadda mutane a zahiri ke tambayar yadda mamayar ƙasashe masu arziki kamar Amurka da kawayenta na Yamma za su iya barin su cikin irin wannan talauci.
To kafin rikicin na yanzu, da yawan 'yan Afghanistan bayar da rahoton cewa suna gwagwarmayar rayuwa kan kudin shiga na yanzu ya karu daga 60% a 2008 zuwa 90% ta 2018. A 2018 Gallup zabe ya sami mafi ƙasƙanci matakan kai rahoton "jin daɗin rayuwa" wanda Gallup ya taɓa yin rikodin a ko'ina cikin duniya. 'Yan Afghanistan ba kawai sun ba da rahoton matakan baƙin ciki ba har ma da rashin bege game da makomarsu.
Duk da wasu nasarorin ilimi ga 'yan mata, kashi ɗaya bisa uku ne kawai 'Yan matan Afghanistan ya halarci makarantar firamare a 2019 kuma kawai 37% na 'yan matan Afghanistan masu ƙuruciya sun yi karatu. Dalilin da yasa yara ƙalilan ke zuwa makaranta a Afghanistan shine fiye da haka yara miliyan biyu tsakanin shekarun 6 zuwa 14 dole ne su yi aiki don tallafa wa danginsu da ke fama da talauci.
Amma duk da haka maimakon yin kaffara ga rawar da muke takawa wajen sanya mafi yawan 'yan Afganistan shiga cikin talauci, yanzu shugabannin Yammacin Turai suna yanke tallafin taimakon tattalin arziki da na jin kai wanda ke ba da tallafi kashi uku na ɓangaren jama'a na Afghanistan kuma ya ƙunshi 40% na jimlar GDP.
A takaice, Amurka da kawayenta suna mayar da martani game da rasa yakin ta hanyar yi wa Taliban da mutanen Afghanistan barazana da yaki na biyu. Idan sabuwar gwamnatin Afganistan ba ta yi kasa a gwiwa ba wajen aiwatar da bukatunsu, shugabanninmu za su yunwa da yunwa ga mutanensu sannan za su dora wa Taliban alhakin yunwa da rikicin bil adama, kamar yadda su ke shafawa da dora laifin wasu wadanda yakin yaƙin Amurka ya shafa. , daga Cuba zuwa Iran.
Bayan zuba tiriliyan daloli a cikin yaƙin da ba a ƙare ba a Afghanistan, babban aikin Amurka a yanzu shine taimaka wa 'yan Afghanistan miliyan 40 waɗanda ba su tsere daga ƙasarsu ba, yayin da suke ƙoƙarin murmurewa daga munanan raunuka da raunin yaƙin da Amurka ta yi musu, kazalika a matsayin m fari wanda ya lalata kashi 40% na amfanin gonarsu a wannan shekarar da gurguwa na uku kalaman na covid-19.
Yakamata Amurka ta saki dala biliyan 9.4 na kudaden Afghanistan da ke cikin bankunan Amurka. Ya kamata a canza launi $ 6 biliyan da aka ware don rugujewar rundunonin sojan Afganistan zuwa agajin jin kai, maimakon karkatar da shi zuwa wasu nau'ikan kashe kuɗin soji na ɓata. Yakamata ta ƙarfafa ƙawancen Turai da IMF ba don hana kuɗi ba. Maimakon haka, yakamata su ba da cikakken tallafi ga roƙon Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2021 $ 1.3 biliyan a cikin agajin gaggawa, wanda har zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta bai kai kashi arba'in cikin ɗari na kuɗaɗen ba.
A baya can, Amurka ta taimaka wa kawayenta na Burtaniya da Soviet don kayar da Jamus da Japan, sannan ta taimaka wajen sake gina su a matsayin kasashe masu lafiya, zaman lafiya da ci gaba. Ga dukkan manyan kurakuran Amurka - wariyar launin fata, laifukan ta da cin zarafin bil'adama a Hiroshima da Nagasaki da alakar ta da ƙasashe matalauta - Amurka ta ɗauki alƙawarin wadata wanda mutane a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya a shirye suke su bi.
Idan duk abin da Amurka za ta ba wa wasu ƙasashe a yau shine yaƙi, cin hanci da rashawa da talauci da ya kawo Afganistan, to duniya na da hikima ta ci gaba da duba sabbin samfura da za a bi: sabbin gwaje -gwajen a cikin dimokraɗiyya mai farin jini da zamantakewa; sabunta karfafawa kan ikon mallakar kasa da dokar kasa da kasa; hanyoyin maye gurbin amfani da karfin soji don warware matsalolin kasa da kasa; da ƙarin ingantattun hanyoyin shirya ƙasa da ƙasa don magance rikice -rikicen duniya kamar annobar Covid da bala'in yanayi.
Amurka na iya yin tuntuɓe a yunƙurin da bai yi nasara ba na sarrafa duniya ta hanyar yaƙi da tilastawa, ko kuma tana iya amfani da wannan damar don sake tunanin matsayin ta a duniya. Yakamata Amurkawa su kasance a shirye don jujjuya shafin akan rawar da muke takawa a matsayin hegemon na duniya kuma mu ga yadda zamu iya ba da gudummawa mai ma'ana, haɗin gwiwa ga makomar da ba za mu sake samun damar mamayewa ba, amma wanda dole ne mu taimaka don ginawa.
Medea Biliyaminu shi ne mai haɓaka CODEPINK don Aminci, kuma marubucin littattafai da yawa, gami da A cikin Iran: Gaskiya da Tarihin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies ɗan jarida ne mai zaman kansa, mai bincike tare da CODEPINK kuma marubucin Blood On Our Hands: Ƙasar Amirka da Rushewar Iraq.
