Daga Dien Luong, The Huffington Post
HO CHI MINH CITY, Vietnam - Shekaru biyar da biyar da suka gabata a wannan watan, sojojin Amurka sun fara yaduwar miliyoyin gallon daga cikin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda aka sani da Orange Agent a kan manyan garuruwan kudancin Vietnam. Amma a yau, maimakon fushi da rabuwar da Amurka take ciki, kasar ta kasance tare da Amurkawa.
Ho Chi Minh City, da farko babban birnin gwamnatin Amurka karkashin sunan Saigon, yanzu yana tare da kasuwancin McDonald's da Starbucks. Cibiyar tattalin arziki ta yau da kullum ta Vietnam tana kara karuwa a Stores Apple, wanda ke ganin masu sauraronsu suna jira da fararen samfurin iPhones na yau da kullum kuma yawancin mutane suna kallon su a matsayin alamomin Aminiya. Kuma da babban rabo daga cikin jama'a fiye da 90 miliyan da aka haifa bayan 1975 (shekarar yakin ya ƙare), yawancin jama'a suna sa ido ga zuwa nan gaba maimakon zauna a kan mummunan yanayi tare da Amurkawa.
Amma wannan Amfaniwa da abin da ke tattare da shi, ciki har da fadada kamfanonin kamar mai suna Monsanto, wanda ke da kwayar halitta. tarihin Agent Orange abin da ake zargin ya haifar da shi mutuwar da raunin da ya faru daruruwan dubban Vietnamese.
Har zuwa yau, ra'ayoyi kan sa hannun Monsanto a cikin Agent Orange ya bambanta sosai. Dukansu Amurka da Monsanto sun ba da bayanan da ke nuna cewa an yi sinadarin ne da umarnin gwamnatin Amurka. Don haka Monsanto ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba shi da wani nauyi kai tsaye. Gwamnatin Vietnamese tana da mawuyacin hangen nesa, ba tare da bayyana hukuma a kan alhakin ɗawainiyar ɗawainiya ba, amma maimakon haka tana mai da hankali ga babban kiran da ake yi na biyan diyya ga waɗanda abin ya shafa - daga duk ’yan wasan Amurka da ke ciki.
Tarihin Monsanto a kasar ya koma akalla rabin karni, lokacin da gwamnatin Amurka ta fara kiransa don samar da Orange Agent, dakarun Amurka sun yi amfani da su don kawar da magunguna na Vietnam da kuma abinci. Ƙungiyar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin da yawa daga kamfanoni wanda ya bai wa gwamnatin Amurka da sinadaran yayin yakin. Tsakanin 1961 da 1971, rundunar sojan Amurka ta nada wasu 12 miliyan galan na Orange Agent wanda ke dauke da abu mai guba mai guba a kan babban ɓangaren kudancin Vietnam.
a 1997, kawai shekaru biyu a cikin yadda ake daidaita dangantakar abokantaka tsakanin Amurka da Amurka, Vietnam ta fara tayar da batun Orange a cikin tarurruka. Shugaban jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar, Do Muoi ya gaya Sakatariyar Wakilin Amurka-Amurka Robert Rubin yana fatan kasashen biyu za su iya aiki don magance matsalolin da ke kewaye da Agent Orange. Wannan ya zama matsayin wakilin {asar Vietnam ne, game da wakilin {asar ta Orange, game da harkokin diflomasiyya. A kan farar hula, a cikin 2004 kungiyar kungiyoyin ba da agaji ba, kungiyar 'yan Vietnamanci ta wadanda ke cin zarafi ta Orange, sun yi aiki a kan aikin. kara a wata kotu a New York akan Monsanto da wasu masana'antun da yawa na kayan gubar mai guba. Amma wannan ita ce kawai takaddar da Vietnam ta taɓa kawo wa Monsanto da sauran kamfanonin sinadarai. Daga baya aka kori karar kotu.
Monsanto ya yi ikirarin ba da alhaki ga Orange Agent, yana cewa kamfanin ya rabu da kansa, ba tare da sunaye ba, daga layin Monsanto wanda ya taimaka wajen halittar Agent Orange.
"Monsanto a yau, kuma a cikin shekaru goma da suka wuce, an mayar da hankali kan aikin noma," in ji Charla Lord, wani kakakin kamfanin, lokacin da aka nemi yin sharhi kan tarihin kamfanin a tarihin kasar. "Amma muna raba sunan tare da kamfani wanda ya koma 1901. Tsohon Monsanto ya shiga cikin manyan kamfanonin da suka hada da gina Agent Orange don gwamnatin Amurka. ... Kotun Amurka ta yanke shawarar cewa kamfanonin da suka gina Osent Orange don gwamnati ba su da alhakin lalacewar lalacewar da ake dangantawa da yin amfani da sojojin Agent Orange saboda ma'aikatan sun kasance masu kwangila ne na gwamnati da ke aiwatar da umarnin gwamnati. "
Gwamnatin Amirka ta kuma bayar da maganganun da ke tallafawa, daga alhakin mutuwar da kuma lalacewa, a {asar Vietnam. Maimakon haka ya yarda da wasu yanayi masu haɗari, cututtuka da cututtuka kamar "zaton"Da za a hade da shagon Orange a cikin tsoffin dakarunsa.
Wasu 69 kilomita a arewa maso gabashin Ho Chi Minh a lardin Dong Nai, Nguyen Hong Lam da mabiyanta na Vietnamese sun hada da Monsanto tare da jam'iyyunta da kuma albarkatun da aka canza su, maimakon Agent Orange hare-haren da suka rayu. A cewar Lam, bangarori daban-daban, wadanda aka fi sani da tallace-tallace da aka gudanar da Monsanto, sun kasance a tsakanin 2012 da 2014, tare da kaddamar da kayan noman na Monsanto a Vietnam. Duk da yake Lam ba ya da alaka da wakilin Orange tare da Monsanto, ya san jinin al'umma wanda Monsanto ya halitta.
"Akwai jam'iyyun da suka dade har kwana uku," in ji shi game da abubuwan da suka faru, wanda ake nufi da gabatarwa ga manoma. "Za a kafa hanyoyi masu yawa a cikin gonaki don saukar da manoman 400. Sun kasance abin farin ciki sosai a matsayin bikin aure. "
Wadanda ake kira Monsanto kamar waɗannan ba su san ba ne a nan, musamman tare da kamfanin da ake son kara haɓaka da manoma a kusa da kasar
"Mun yi daruruwan abubuwan da suka faru a fagen. Gani shi ne yi imani. Rayuwarsu ta dogara ne akan wannan, "Narasimham Upadyayula, Shugaba na Monsanto na biyu Dekalb Vietnam, wanda shi ne Monsanto ya mallake kuma yana sarrafa shi. "Mun yi wahayi zuwa gare su."
GMO muhawara
Tambaya a kan GMOs ya rabu da masu gwagwarmaya Lambobin Nobel daidai, kuma wannan ba bambanta ba idan ya zo Monsanto da Vietnam.
To Monsanto, ƙwayoyin halittar da aka gyara sune mafi dacewa a yau fiye da tarihin Agent Orange wanda ke hade da wani ɓangaren da suka gabata na kamfani. Wannan ci gaba mai matukar cigaba, ya ce, yayi amfani da amfani ga manoma da kuma samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa saboda tsirrai da kwayoyin cutar kwari, herbicides da fari. Kamfanin ya yi imanin cewa masana'antu da fasaha suna da muhimmanci wajen bunkasa aikin gona a Vietnam da yankin, in ji Upadyayula. Kungiyar ta ce ta yi imanin cewa masarar da aka gyara a cikin gwaninta yana da mahimmanci ga kasar da aka shigo da 6 miliyan ton na masara a 2015.
"Gwamnatin Vietnam ta yi imanin cewa, wannan} asar za ta iya wadatar da kansa, kuma kimiyya da fasahar na iya taimaka wa manoma," in ji Upadyayula. "Manufarmu ita ce ta sami yawan shiga cikin fasaha."
Upadyayula ya kara da cewa ya dauki kamfanoni shekaru goma don samun haske mai haske don sayar da GMOs a Vietnam. "Ya kasance tafiya mai tsawo," inji shi. "Mutane da yawa suna motsa jirgin ruwa. Yanzu mun isa gabar. "
Wasu mambobi ne na Pro-GMO sansanin a nan ga gabatar da albarkatun GMO a Vietnam kamar yadda ƙaddamarwa ta ƙarshe ya yi don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma ciyar da yawan mutanen 90 a yawan kuɗi, baya ga bunkasa abinci. Amma masu gwagwarmaya na GMO suna nuna alamar Cibiyar Nazarin Noma, Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci Gaban TurawaRahoton, wanda ya yanke shawarar cewa, yawan farashin tsaba da sunadarai, rashin tabbas da kuma yiwuwar rushe makaman abinci na gida ya sa fasahar fasaha ta zama mummunan zabi ga kasashe masu tasowa.
A cewar mahalarta muhalli Greenpeace, daya daga cikin masu sukar lamarin GMO, "injiniyar kwayar halitta ta sa masana kimiyya su samar da tsire-tsire, dabbobi da kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta a hanyar da ba ta faruwa a yanayi." Kungiyar, wanda ke magana da muhawara akan shafin yanar gizon, ya kara da cewa GMOs "na iya yadawa ta yanayi ta hanyar zub da jini daga filin zuwa filin sannan kuma ya shiga tsakani tare da kwayoyin halitta, don haka ba shi yiwuwa a tabbatar da yadda GE ya canza amfanin gona."
Kamar yadda GMO tsaba suka zama da yawa a Vietnam, da muhawara a kan amfanin su da ƙaddara ya ƙara wani ƙarin Layer zuwa ga baƙin ciki baƙin ciki na barin tsohon Agent Orange da kuma mai sarrafa GMO yanzu, Monsanto, koma Vietnam.
Komawa a lardin Dong Nai, Lam, mai magana mai shekaru 64 mai laushi, alama ce ba tare da damu ba ta hanyar muhawarar. Ya cigaba da bunkasa masarar Mananto ta hanyar gyare-gyare a madaidaicin mita na 7,000 na abin da ke cikin gonaki tun lokacin da aka dasa tsaba a Vietnam a watan Disamba na 2014. Da yake zaune a cikin hutun da aka sa a tsakiyar filin guda, Lam ya yi magana game da girbinsa biyu na farko da gaskiyar cewa ribarsa ya karu har zuwa 20 bisa dari.
Amma, manomi ba shi da tabbacin cewa Monsanto na ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin da suka kera Orange. Maimakon haka, ya mayar da hankali kan yiwuwar sabon fasaha don kara yawan amfanin gonarsa kuma ya kawar da mummunar lalacewa ta hanyar gwamnatin Amurka.
Mayar da hankalin Lam kan amfanin gonarsa da rashin karanta littattafan harshen Ingilishi sun sanya tsohon sojan, wanda ya yi gwagwarmayar neman tsarin kudanci da ke samun goyon bayan Amurka a lokacin yakin Vietnam, ya nuna shakku kan ingancin tattaunawar game da abubuwan da suka shude na kamfanin da kuma rikice-rikice a halin yanzu. Ya nuna rashin jin dadinsa lokacin da aka gabatar masa da cikakkun bayanai game da hauhawar farashin nau'ikan GMO na Monsanto ko yiwuwar sa hannun Agent Orange.
Tare da damar da aka iyakance zuwa wallafe-wallafen Vietnamese, ko da karanta game da Monsanto a cikin wallafe-wallafe ba zai taimaka ba. Har sai kwanan nan, kafofin watsa labarun Vietnamese sun ba da kyauta ga Mr Monsanto da GMO kyauta kyauta. Sai bayan watan Afrilu 2015, lokacin da aka girbe amfanin gonar GMO na farko, shin manyan jaridu biyu na kasar, Tuoi Tre da kuma Thanh Nien, gudanar da labarun tambayoyi game da yiwuwar horar da GMO da kuma mahimmanci ga dawowar Monsanto.
A lokacin da aka bayyana shi game da yadda Mr Monsanto ke shiga cikin yaki, duk da haka, Lam ya kira rashin kulawa game da kamfanin "hadarin," amma har yanzu yana da kullun kuma yana tambaya da inganci, maimakon ajiyewa ga gwamnati da kamfanin.
"Idan duk zargin da aka yi wa Monsanto gaskiya ne, to wannan shine babban damuwa," inji shi. "Na yi matukar sayar da kayayyaki na Monsanto idan sun kasance abin cutarwa ne. Amma ... Na dogara ga gwamnati don yin hukunci mai kyau ga mutanensa. "
Gaskiyar cewa mutane kamar Lam ba su iya yarda da dangantakar da aka rigaya ta fada tsakanin Monsanto da Agent Orange ba ne na haɓaka bayanin kamfanin a Vietnam, kuma yana tilasta masu gwagwarmaya su damu da wasu tambayoyi masu ban tsoro: Me yasa Monsanto ya iya zuwa a baya da sauƙi sayar da samfurin da ya raba masana kimiyya a fadin duniya? Kuma me yasa Vietnam da manomanta suna maraba da mawallafin Orange wanda ya ci gaba ƙaryata alhakin saboda mutuwar mutane da yawa?
Fadada Monsanto a Vietnam
Duk da rikice-rikice game da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da ƙwarewar Monsanto a cikin amfani da Agent Orange, kamfanin yana da kwanan nan an yi lasisi don noma nau'in masarar GMO guda uku na abinci na dabba a Vietnam, kuma yana nufin samun amincewa bakwai a karshen shekara ta gaba, in ji Daraktan Dekalb Vietnam na Narasimham Upadyayula. Kungiyoyin kafofin watsa labaru sun yaba Monsanto don yin kyauta zuwa sama jami'o'in aikin gona da kuma ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Lalle Monsanto yana dabayar da kuɗi zuwa Vietnam Red Cross, wanda ke ci gaba da ƙidaya yawan wadanda ke fama da Agent Orange, yanzu a kimanin 3 miliyan.
Yayinda mutane da yawa sunyi mahimmanci ga zuba jari na Monsanto a Vietnam Red Cross, kamfanin da kwanan nan ya nuna a cikin blog post a shafin yanar gizonta, cewa kudaden da aka bai wa Vietnam Red Cross na daga cikin kokarin da ya yi na tallafawa manoma na Vietnamese.
A cikin shafin yanar gizon, Monsanto ya ce aikin ya nufin, "don samar da taimako na ci gaba ga al'ummomin da ake bukata," in ji cewa haɗin gwiwar tare da Vietnam Red Cross, "ya taimaka wajen bunkasa rayuwar yankunan karkara ta 2,000 ta hanyar samar da asusu ga inganta yanayin sanyaya "a tsakanin sauran abubuwa.
Dalilin da amincewa da Vietnam ta dogara ga Monsanto ya bambanta da kuma hadaddun, wanda ya kasance daga bukatar kasar don kara yawan hatsi - kuma ya samar da karin furotin - domin girma tsakiyar aji, zuwa gagarumin sha'awar yin sulhu da Amurka kuma ku ji dadin 'ya'yan itatuwa na sababbin yarjejeniyar ciniki, da Amurka ta jagoranciSadarwar Trans-Pacific. Ganin mayar da hankali kan inganta harkokin tattalin arziki na daga cikin yakin da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi don sake gina amincewa da cinikayya a kasar da ta kusan rufe. Yana da yakin ya jaddada shugaban Amurka Barack Obama a cikin 'yan kwanaki uku da suka wuce a Vietnam. Taron ne don hada gwiwa tsakanin kasashen biyu don tabbatar da ganin cewa, Vietnam ta kasance mai amfani mai kyau ga kasar Sin a yankin.
Harkokin Harkokin {asar Amirka, a Birnin Monsanto, zuwa Vietnam
Tushen haɓakar kamfanonin Amurka da faɗaɗa noman GMO a Vietnam - musamman Monsanto - a zahiri ya kasance shekaru masu yawa a cikin yin hakan. Kamfanin, tare da taimakon gwamnatin Amurka, yana kafa matsayinsa na tattalin arziki da al'adu a cikin ƙasar tun lokacin da aka dawo da dangantaka tsakanin al'ummomin biyu a 1995.
Vietnam ta sami nasarar yaki da Amurka, amma rasa nasarar tattalin arziki domin ba zai iya bunƙasa ba tare da babban birnin kasar ba. Bisa labarin tarihin Nano Chanda na tarihin Indochina, "Ƙaƙar Abokan gaba: War bayan da War, "An gayyaci bankunan Amurka da kamfanonin man fetur zuwa Hanoi a matsayin farkon 1976 don gano kasuwancin da cinikayya. Amma Amirkawa sun yi watsi da kasuwancin kasuwanci wanda ya gurgunta kasar har zuwa 1995. A wannan shekara da Amurka ta dauki nauyin kasuwancin, Monsanto ya bude ofisoshin wakilci a Vietnam kuma ya fara kokarinsa Kusanci 'Yan manoma Vietnamese da abokan tarayya. A cewar takardun jama'a da kumaWikileaks igiyoyi, Ofishin Jakadancin Amirka a Vietnam ya shirya abin da masu gwagwarmaya suka kira masu bincike na Monsanto don su ziyarci ƙasar kuma su yi wa'azi game da amfanin da GMO ke da shi a lokacin da Vietnam ke tsara ka'idojin kwayoyin halitta a Vietnam shekaru goma da suka wuce. Babban cikinsu daga cikinsu shi ne Paul Teng, masanin kimiyya na duniya a Nanyang a Jami'ar Singapore.
Teng shine mai magana mai mahimmanci a jerin jerin ofisoshin jakadancin Amurka taron kan bunkasa masana'antu a Vietnam a 2008, kawai shekaru biyu bayan gwamnati ta tsara wani tsari don bunkasa amfanin gonar GMO. Shi kansa kansa ne babban jami'in gudanarwa na Monsanto a Asia tsakanin 2000 da 2002.
A cikin hira a Janairu via Skype, Teng ya ce ba shi da wani rikici ba tare da duk lokacin da yake a Monsanto ba. Ya yi imanin cewa, Vietnam na da kyakkyawan dalili na maraba da kamfanin.
"Wannan kamfanin yana da fasaha," inji shi. "Ina ganin yana da hikima ga kowace ƙasa ta canja fasaha mafi kyau da zai iya amfani da su. Yana ceton ku lokacin yin hulɗa tare da wasu ƙasashe game da ƙwarewa da kuma iyawar samar da karin abinci. "
Gwamnatin {asar Amirka ta tura jami'an {asar Vietnam, a} asashen waje, don koyi game da bun} asa harkokin fasahar halittu, a cewar Cibiyar fasaha ta zamani ta Vietnam, a cikin jerin rahotanni na shekara-shekara da Hukumar Ma'aikatar Noma ta Amurka ta ba da izini.
A cikin watan Disamba na 2007, Ofishin Jakadancin Amirka ya ha] a hannu da shafukan binciken nazarin halittu, na tsawon mako, tare da manyan jami'an {asar Vietnam. Daya daga rahoton USDA ya nuna cewa sakamakon ziyarar shi ne ya kasance "haɗin kai da Monsanto."
bayan ziyartar Cibiyar nazarin fasaha ta zamani na Monsanto a Amurka a 2009, sannan kuma ministan ministaCao Duc Phat ya ce a shekara guda, "Mutane suna jin tsoron fatalwowi saboda basu taba ganin su ba; Wasu suna damu game da GMOs saboda basu taba ganin su ba. "
"Na aika da wasikar zuwa Monsanto yana neman su kawo kayan su zuwa Vietnam," in ji shi ga jaridar Vietnamese Nong Nghiep Vietnam. "Wannan al'amari ne kawai. GMO sune nasarar kimiyya ga 'yan Adam, kuma Vietnam ta bukaci su rungume su da wuri-wuri. "
Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Vietnam ya kasance mai tsanani a kokarin ƙoƙarin rinjayar dokokin Vietnamanci don goyon bayan Monsanto.
A cewar WikiLeaks USB, a watan Satumba na Jakadan {asar Amirka, na 2009, a {asar Vietnam, Michael Michalak, ya rubuta wa Nguyen Xuan Phuc, shugaban ofishin jakadancin Vietnam kuma yanzu sabon firaministan kasar, ya nemi cire kayan da ake buƙatar yin lakabi da duk abincin GMO da kayayyakin aikin gona daga kudaden abinci da kuma kiyaye kudi.
wani na USB Kamfanin Michalak ya bayyana a yayin ganawa da Phuc wata daya daga baya cewa dokar "za ta cutar da shirin fasahar halittu na Vietnam a lokacin da ake buƙatar abubuwancin abinci na duniya da sauyin yanayi zai iya tasiri sosai ga amfanin gona."
Gwamnatin {asar Amirka ta daina yin la'akari da gaskiyar igiyoyin Wikileaks. Kodayake, Kerry Humphrey, mai magana da yawun Gwamnatin Jihar, ya sake jaddada ta hanyar imel cewa ilimin kimiyyar fasaha ya taimaka wajen magance matsaloli na duniya game da karuwar yawan abinci, sauyin yanayi da sauran matsalolin muhalli.
"Monsanto yana ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin da yawa a Amurka da sauran wurare - tare da gwamnatoci da kuma cibiyoyin bincike - wadanda suke amfani da kwayoyin halitta don neman mafita ga wadannan matsalolin duniya," inji ta.
An sami nasarar karɓar kokarin da ake yi na Amurka.
Jeffrey Smith, marubucin mafi kyawun littafin "Tsaba na Yaudara," babu kalmomi a ciki tambayoyi game da batun. "Gwamnatin [Vietnamese} na samun karkatacciyar shawara daga masana'antar kere-kere da kuma daga babban mai tallafa musu - gwamnatin Amurka," in ji shi.
Bayan ganawa da jami'ai da masana a kasar Smith, ya ce, "A bayyane yake cewa wasu hukumomin gwamnati sun rigaya sun yarda cewa GMO za su kasance tushen tushen bunkasa tattalin arziki da nasarar kimiyya."
Tsayar da Maɗaukaki na Ma'aikatar Orange
Le Huy Ham, babban darekta na Cibiyar Nazarin Farfesa ta Farko ta Vietnamese, ta kare lambar yabo na Monsanto, 41 shekaru bayan karshen yakin. A Vietnam, Ham yana cikin gwargwadon sansanin GMO wanda ya nuna cewa ya sami babban hannun.
"Idan muka qaryata Monsanto saboda shi ne mai sarrafawa na Orange Agent, ya kamata mu kauracewa Boeing kuma kada mu bari ta shiga Vietnam," in ji shi a wata hira. Boeing ya yi B-52swanda ya jefa tons of bomb a kasar.
Amma Monsanto yana da 'yan adawa kaɗan a Vietnam. Babban daga cikinsu shine Nguyen Yan Binh, Mataimakin shugaban Vietnam na 1992 zuwa 2002.
A 2004, ta nemi tallafin duniya don Ƙungiyar kisa-mataki da aka kawo wa Monsanto da wasu kamfanonin sinadaran. A wannan shekarar, gwamnatin {asar Vietnam ta amince da aikin kara da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na NGO da ke Vietnamese don wadanda ke cin hanci a Orange a wani kotu na New York a kan Monsanto da wasu masana'antun masu kare masu guba.
Wancan ita ce kotun da ta ji karar da aka gabatar da shi a kan masana'antun kamfanin Orange na Amurka. Tushen farko shine ya zauna a 1984, lokacin da Monsanto da wasu kamfanonin sinadaran Amurka sun kai ga sulhu tare da masu tuhuma, suna biya $ 180 miliyan zuwa 291,000 mutane a kan 12 shekaru.
Amma a lokacin da ya zo ga Kwamitin K'abilan Biyetnam, Jack Weinstein, wannan alkalin wanda ya ji labarin 1984, ya kasance tare da kamfanonin sinadaran kuma ya watsar da shari'ar, ya ce cewa samar da mai ba da kariya ba shi ne laifin yaki. Wannan hukuncin ya sa Mrantanto ya ci gaba da hana ƙalubalanci mutanen da ke fama da cutar Vietnam, kuma ya zargi gwamnatin Amurka.
Binh fitaccen mutum ne a cikin Vietnam. Yanzu a cikin shekarunta na 80, Binh ta kasance “mai rajin kare muzgunawa da ta ƙi jira a cikin fikafikan. … Duniya har yanzu na saurara, ”marubuciyar Amurka Lady Borton ta rubuta.
Amma a cikin kasar da aka rarraba GMOs a karkashin inuwar kyakkyawar fasahar kere-kere, an samu karuwar imani tsakanin masana ilimi cewa babban ci gaban aikin gona ne; duk wata adawa garesu daidai take da kasancewa baya da ra'ayin mazan jiya. Binh, wanda yayi gargadi game da mummunan tarihin kamfanin kere kere a tarihin kasar nan da kuma damuwa game da makomarta a nan, dan haka bashi da wani tasiri.
Amma, tana jin kunnen Nguyen Kim Phuong, 86, wanda ya rayu ta hanyar yaƙe-yaƙe Faransa da Amirkawa. Phuong yana gafartawa game da yaki kuma yana farin ciki ganin yadda dangantaka tsakanin Amurka da Vietnam ta ci gaba. Amma ba ya jin dadin ganin Monsanto yana ci gaba da kaiwa kasarsa, ba tare da dalili ba saboda ayyukansa.
"Dole ne gwamnati ta tambayi [Monsanto] ya nemi gafara ga wadanda ke fama da Agent Orange da iyalan su kamar yadda 'yan Vietnam ne," inji shi. "Monsanto dole ne ya biya wa wadanda ke fama da abin ya shafa daidai."
Amma muryar Binh, da kuma muryoyin mutane kamar Phuong, sun yi hasara ga wadanda ke cikin gwamnati, da dama daga cikinsu sun ga GMO, da kuma Monsanto, kamar yadda aka alkawarta. Yana a cikin wannan mahallin cewa yana da alama cewa wani abu ba zai iya hana Monsanto turawa a Vietnam ba. Vietnam yanzu yana son samun albarkatun GMO 30-50 bisa dari yankunan gonar da 2020 ke yi.
Wannan ba zai hana mutane kamar Phuong ba, da sauran wadanda ke fama da yakin, daga furta damuwa.
"Idan har muna da karfin shiga, za mu ba da izini mu ba da al'adun mu," in ji shi. "Duk abin da muke so shine adalci."
Originally found on the Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/monsanto-vietnam-agent-orange_us_57a9e002e4b0b770b1a445ba?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=WorldPost%20083016&utm_content=WorldPost%20083016+CID_6556d90dee00c8eef31888b7709aa568&utm_source=Email%20marketing%20software&utm_term=Agent%20Orange%20victims%20is%20around%203%20million
